The earliest exoskeletons date back to 1890. At that time, a Russian named Nicholas Yagan invented an exoskeleton-like system powered by compressed air bags.
In 1960, General Electric developed a mechanical exoskeleton arm that truly meant that exoskeletons were becoming a reality.
In 1978, MIT joined the ranks.
In 1983, Stephen Jocabsen founded the company Sarcos (XOS).
In 2000, XOS stood out from 14 similar equipment and was adopted by the U.S. Defense Department The Department's Advanced Research Projects Agency—the agency that invented the Internet—selected it and planned its use in the military.
In 2000, the U.S. Department of Defense Research Projects Agency (DARPA) solicited proposals for human ability enhancement systems and will soon sign a contract and begin the development of exoskeletons.
In 2004, Yoshiyuki Mikai, a robotics expert at the University of Tsukuba in Japan, and his colleagues founded a company called "Cyberdyne" in 2004. They spent ten years developing a powered exoskeleton propeller. to the market. This kind of powered exoskeleton is called HAL - Human Assistive Limb (Hybrid Assistive Limb). It will be used in the medical field to help disabled people move and recover from injuries.
With the development of science and technology, more and more companies have joined the competition of mechanical exoskeletons, but the areas it can touch are still pitifully small, because it is difficult to achieve mass production today. There is still a certain degree of difficulty in terms of technology.
First, materials. The mechanical exoskeleton must choose lightweight and tough composite materials so that its existence itself does not become a burden.
Second, smooth mechanical movement. It must comply with biomechanics to adapt to the flexible human body. However, it is obvious that this is a technical problem today and it still cannot be solved.
Third, energy. Even if lightweight composite materials are used, the energy needs to be sufficient to complete the mission for several hours and be portable and achieve a certain thrust-to-weight ratio. Energy sources such as gasoline and electricity cannot meet the long-term endurance of mechanical exoskeletons.
?Fourth, noise. This is especially important in the military field. If you expose yourself to the sun in modern information warfare, congratulations on your scheduled death.
The mechanical exoskeleton was reflected from fantasy to reality, so there was the first mechanical exoskeleton, and then it was reflected from reality to fantasy, so there was Iron Man. When fantasy once again reflected reality, the single Soldier exoskeletons will become a reality.
Even though mechanical exoskeletons have such shortcomings, countless dollars are still burning on mechanical exoskeletons, and now there are many practical applications on the market. product.
1. Cybadine Hal-5. HAL-5, developed by the Japanese technology company "Cyberdyne", is a cyborg with self-expansion and improvement capabilities.
2. Rescue robot T52 Enryu T52. Enryu was designed by Japanese company Tmsuk in March 1994. It is a large member of the robot family, weighing nearly 5 tons and reaching a height of 3 meters.
3. Panasonic inflatable exoskeleton.
Panasonic’s inflatable exoskeleton is designed to assist paralyzed patients. Its elbows and wrists are equipped with sensors that allow the arms to control eight artificial muscles. Artificial muscles are filled with compressed air that is used to squeeze the paralyzed area.
4. Berkeley Brick exoskeleton. The Berkeley Brick exoskeleton was designed by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to help soldiers, rescue workers, wildfire firefighters, and all other first responders.
5. Mecha exoskeleton. The mecha exoskeleton is a replica of a mecha that often appears in science fiction novels. It reaches a height of 18 feet (about 5.48 meters) and was invented by Carlos Owens, an engineer in Alaska, USA.
6. Stelarc exoskeleton. The Stelarc exoskeleton is a muscle robot that looks similar to Spider-Man, with 6 legs and a diameter of 5 meters.
It is a hybrid human-machine that can expand and contract after being inflated and deflated, giving it greater flexibility than other exoskeletons.
7. Brain-controlled exoskeleton system. This exoskeleton enables interaction between bones, muscles and nervous system. All bones and muscles are directly controlled by the brain. The brain-controlled exoskeleton system was designed by the Neuromechanics Laboratory of the University of Michigan in the United States.
8. Springwalker exoskeleton. The Springwalker exoskeleton can run and jump like all animals. With the help of this exoskeleton, the wearer can run as fast as 35 miles per hour (about 56 kilometers) and jump as high as 5 feet (about 1.52 meters).
9. Murdered professor walking aid. This walking aid is used to help patients with sarcopenia regain physical function.
10. Gravity balancing leg orthosis. Gravity-balancing leg orthoses are designed to help the wearer walk without the influence of gravity.
Exoskeleton - Baidu Encyclopedia
Mechanical exoskeleton - Baidu Encyclopedia
Today's mechanical exoskeleton is still in a supporting position, but think about these few With the rapid development of science and technology in the past years, and now that the intelligent era has arrived, many previous technical problems will be solved in the era of intelligent evolution. Perhaps we will soon enter an era of mechanical exoskeletons.
Please look forward to the future of mechanical exoskeletons!