First, the composition of air conditioning
The structure of air conditioner includes: compressor, condenser, evaporator, four-way valve, one-way valve capillary component, etc.
compressor
Working process of specific volume pair between teeth in air-conditioning compressor. The gas on the side where the female screw and the male screw turn is compressed, which is called the high pressure area; On the contrary, when the screw turns to the opposite side, the volume between teeth expands and it is in the suction stage, which is called low pressure area. These two areas are separated by the contact line between the tooth surfaces of the internal thread and the external thread. It can be approximately considered that the plane where the axes of the two screws are located is the interface of high and low pressure areas.
A compressed refrigerant (such as freon) becomes a liquid. Then refrigeration is carried out by using the endothermic phenomenon when the liquid becomes gaseous under normal pressure.
The air density is very small. You have an injection. Fill the needle tube with air, block the air outlet by hand and push the needle tube to compress the air. Gas can be compressed by one-third of the volume with a needle tube.
capacitor
The compressor sucks the working medium vapor with lower pressure from the evaporator, sends it to the condenser after the pressure rises, condenses it into liquid with higher pressure in the condenser, becomes liquid with lower pressure after throttling by the throttle valve, and then sends it to the evaporator to absorb heat and evaporate it into vapor with lower pressure, thus completing the refrigeration cycle. For some applications, gas must pass through a long tube (usually coiled into a solenoid) to dissipate heat into the surrounding air. Heat conducting metals, such as copper, are often used to transport steam. In order to improve the efficiency of condenser, fins are usually attached to the pipeline to accelerate heat dissipation. The radiator is a flat plate made of metal with good thermal conductivity.
evaporator
Evaporator is the interior of indoor unit, which consists of pipes covered with fins. A device that concentrates a solution by heating or precipitates grains from the solution. It mainly consists of a heating chamber and an evaporation chamber. The heating chamber provides the heat needed for evaporation to the liquid, and promotes the liquid to boil and evaporate; The evaporation chamber completely separates the gas phase from the liquid phase. The steam generated in the heating chamber carries a large amount of liquid foam, which can be separated from the steam by self-condensation or demister after reaching the evaporation chamber in a larger space.
four-way valve
Four-way valve, hydraulic valve term, is a control valve with four oil ports. Four-way valve is an indispensable component in refrigeration equipment. Its working principle is that when the solenoid valve coil is in the power-off state, the pilot slide valve is driven by the right compression spring to move to the left, and the high-pressure gas enters the capillary ① and then enters the right piston cavity. On the other hand, the gas in the left piston chamber is exhausted. Due to the pressure difference between the two ends of the piston, the piston and the main slide valve move to the left, so that the exhaust pipe is communicated with the nozzle of the outdoor unit, and the other two nozzles are communicated to form a refrigeration cycle.
Capillary assembly
The capillary assembly includes a capillary tube and a check valve. One-way valves are widely used in outdoor units of air conditioners, and consist of auxiliary capillaries and one-way valves. Check valve components of different types of air conditioners are similar. There is an arrow on the check valve to indicate the direction of air flow.
Can only flow in the direction of the arrow, stop in the opposite direction, and can only pass through the auxiliary capillary. The one-way valve assembly installed at the lower rear of the outdoor unit is usually wrapped with a black damping block, and asphalt is used for noise reduction.
The one-way valve assembly is only used in the heating process of air conditioning, and it is invalid when cooling. The function of one-way valve assembly in heating is to increase the flow resistance of refrigerant, reduce the flow rate of refrigerant, make the refrigerant fully evaporate in the outdoor unit, make the refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor become refrigerant liquid, and improve the heating effect of air conditioner.
Second, the working principle of air conditioning
Air conditioning is divided into single cooling air conditioning and cold and warm air conditioning, and the working principle is the same. Freon used to be the common refrigerant in air conditioning. The characteristic of freon is that it releases a lot of heat when it changes from gas to liquid. When it changes from liquid to gas, it will absorb a lot of heat. That is, the air conditioner is designed according to this principle.
The compressor compresses the gaseous refrigerant into high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant, and then sends it to the condenser (outdoor unit) for heat dissipation, and turns it into liquid refrigerant at normal temperature and high pressure, so the outdoor unit blows out hot air.
Then enter the capillary and enter the evaporator (indoor unit). Because the space suddenly increases and the pressure decreases after the refrigerant reaches the evaporator from the capillary, the liquid refrigerant will vaporize and become a low-temperature gaseous refrigerant, thus absorbing a lot of heat, and the evaporator will become cold. The fan of the indoor unit blows out indoor air from the evaporator, so the indoor unit blows out cold air. Water vapor in the air will condense into water droplets when it meets a cold evaporator and flow out along the water pipe, which is why air conditioners produce water.
When heating, there is a component called four-way valve, which makes the refrigerant flow in the condenser and evaporator in the opposite direction to that during refrigeration, so when heating, cold air is blown to the outside and hot air is blown to the room.
In fact, it is the principle that junior high school physics has learned that heat is discharged when liquefied (from gas to liquid) and heat is absorbed when vaporized (from liquid to gas).
Working principle of environmental protection air conditioner;
The water in the water tank is continuously pumped out by the circulating water pump and evenly sprayed on the evaporation filter layer through the water distribution system. Outdoor hot air enters the evaporative cooling medium and fully exchanges heat with the water in the evaporative cooling medium CELdek (a special honeycomb filter layer, a Swedish high-tech patented product). The cool and clean air cooled by water evaporation is pressurized by a low-noise fan, so that the indoor hot air is discharged to the outside, thus achieving the purpose of indoor cooling.
A good air conditioner can increase our comfort. The above is a brief introduction about air conditioning, and I hope it will help everyone. Pay attention to Bian Xiao, and let us escort your happy life.