Firstly, give priority to the development of education
Comprehensively implement quality education, strive to complete the three major tasks of "popularization, development, and improvement", accelerate the adjustment of educational structure, promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of education, and build a learning-oriented education system. society.
First, popularize and consolidate compulsory education
Focus on strengthening compulsory education in rural areas and strive to reduce the dropout rate of rural students in compulsory education, especially female students, ethnic minority students and students from poor families. , the three-year retention rate of junior high schools nationwide reaches 95%. Promote the balanced development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas and between regions. Local governments must ensure that children of migrant workers and local students receive compulsory education equally.
Second, vigorously develop vocational education
Focus on the development of secondary vocational education, and expand the annual enrollment to 8 million students. Develop various forms of vocational skills training. Reform the teaching methods of vocational education, update teaching content, promote a training model that integrates work and study, school-enterprise cooperation, and establish a flexible learning system. Promote the coordinated development of vocational education and general high school education, and improve the level and quality of school running.
Third, improve the quality of higher education
Focus the development of higher education on improving quality and optimizing structure, strengthen research and practice, and cultivate students' innovative spirit and practical ability. Steadyly improve the popularization level of higher education, steadily develop general undergraduate, junior college and postgraduate education, and improve the quality of high-level talent training. Focus on strengthening the construction of high-level universities and key disciplines, and promote the coordinated development of various institutions of higher learning. Continue to develop various types of adult education.
Fourth, increase investment in education
Ensure that the growth rate of fiscal education funding is significantly higher than the growth rate of fiscal regular revenue, and gradually increase fiscal education funding to account for the total domestic product. The value ratio reaches 4%. Strengthen the government's responsibility for ensuring compulsory education, and increase the transfer payments of compulsory education funds from the central and provincial governments to counties with financial difficulties. To promote educational equity, public education resources should be tilted toward students in rural areas, central and western regions, poverty-stricken areas, ethnic minority areas, weak schools, and poor families. Governments at all levels should increase investment in vocational education and focus on supporting secondary vocational schools for rural students. Support the establishment of private charity foundation organizations to help students from poor families attend school, and encourage all sectors of society to donate to support education. Continue to implement student loans, improve the financial aid system for students at all stages, and improve the student aid system for students from poor families. Expand the share of lottery proceeds used for special education.
Fifth, deepen the reform of the education system
Clarify the responsibilities of governments at all levels in providing public education, formulate and improve school setting standards, support the development of private education, and form a link between public education and Private education is a school-running pattern that develops simultaneously. Form a diversified education investment system. The government is fully responsible for compulsory education, government investment is the main part of high school education, and government investment and social investment complement each other for vocational education and higher education. Standardize education fees and establish a strict education fee disclosure system. Form a teaching system that meets the requirements of quality education, reform the admissions examination system, promote teaching curriculum reform, reduce the excessive academic burden of primary and secondary school students, and improve the evaluation system. Form an education management system with clear rights and responsibilities, give schools more autonomy in terms of disciplines, majors and curriculum, enrollment scale, talent recruitment, etc., and cultivate and give full play to the school's advantages and characteristics. Further strengthen the construction of the teaching team.
2. Accelerate scientific and technological innovation and leapfrogging
Take scientific and technological progress and innovation as an important driving force for economic and social development, and place a higher priority on developing education and cultivating high-quality talents with both ability and political integrity. Prominent strategic position, deepen institutional reform, increase investment, accelerate the development of science and technology education, and strive to build an innovative country and a strong human capital country. Implement the national medium- and long-term science and technology development plan, and in accordance with the policy of independent innovation, leapfrogging key points, supporting development, and leading the future, accelerate the construction of the national innovation system, continuously enhance the innovation capabilities of enterprises, strengthen the close integration of science and technology, economy, and education, and comprehensively improve science and technology. Overall strength and industrial technology level.
First, vigorously promote independent innovation
Strengthen basic research, cutting-edge technology research and social welfare technology research in the fields of information, life, space, ocean, nanometers and new materials. Deploy in advance, concentrate superior forces, increase investment, and strive to achieve important breakthroughs. To meet the country's major strategic needs, launch a number of major science and technology projects, strengthen key technology research in the fields of energy, resources, environment, agriculture, information, health and other fields, and achieve integrated innovation and leapfrogging of core technologies. Implement major industrial technology development projects to promote the digestion, absorption and re-innovation of introduced technologies. Adhere to equal emphasis on philosophy and social sciences and natural sciences, and prosper and develop philosophy and social sciences. Implement the Marxist theoretical research and construction project, build a philosophy and social science innovation system, actively promote theoretical innovation, and further play an important role in promoting economic and social development. Promote the integration of natural sciences with philosophy and social sciences.
Second, strengthen the construction of independent innovation capabilities
Build a scientific and technological support system to comprehensively enhance independent scientific and technological innovation capabilities. Build major national science and technology infrastructure, implement knowledge innovation projects, integrate research and experiment systems, build a number of world-class scientific research institutions and research universities, and build a high-level scientific research and talent training base. Implement major scientific projects, strengthen the construction of national key laboratories, build a national scientific and technological basic conditions platform, and promote the sharing of scientific and technological resources. Build a number of industrial technology research and development test facilities to improve industrial technology innovation capabilities. Strengthen science popularization capacity building and implement the National Science Literacy Action Plan.
Third, strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation
Accelerate the establishment of a technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market-oriented, and integrating industry, academia and research, and form a basic institutional structure for independent innovation . Strengthen the construction of national engineering laboratories, national engineering centers and corporate technology centers, and establish a basic support platform for independent innovation of enterprises. Develop technological innovation intermediary services such as technical consulting and technology transfer to form a socialized service system. Implement fiscal, taxation, financial and government procurement policies that support independent innovation and guide enterprises to increase investment in research and development. Give full play to the innovative vitality of all types of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and encourage technological innovation, invention and creation.
Fourth, increase the protection of intellectual property rights
Strengthen citizens’ awareness of intellectual property rights, improve the intellectual property protection system, establish an intellectual property early warning mechanism, and severely crack down on intellectual property infringements in accordance with the law. Strengthen basic research on metrology, improve the national standard system, and eliminate backward standards in a timely manner. Give priority to the adoption of technical standards with independent intellectual property rights and actively participate in the formulation of international standards. Develop intellectual property services such as patents, trademarks, copyright transfer and agency, and intangible asset evaluation.
Fifth, deepen the reform of the science and technology system
Integrate science and technology resources, rationally allocate basic research, cutting-edge technology research and social welfare research forces, and promote scientific research personnel among scientific research institutions, universities and enterprises. Reasonable flow and cooperation, and build a mechanism for sharing scientific and technological resources. Deepen the reform of enterprise transformation of technology development institutes and the reform of social welfare scientific research institutions, improve the modern scientific research institute system, and form an open and cooperative research and development system. Improve the science and technology management system and operating mechanism, and reform the science and technology review and evaluation and achievement evaluation and reward systems. Establish a diversified and multi-channel science and technology investment system to ensure that the growth rate of science and technology funds is significantly higher than the growth rate of regular fiscal revenue, and gradually increase the proportion of national fiscal science and technology investment in gross domestic product. overall technological strength and industrial technology level.
3. Promote the strategy of strengthening the country through talents
Adhere to the principle of the party’s management of talents, firmly establish a scientific concept of talents, expand the talent team, improve the quality of talents, optimize the talent structure, improve the employment mechanism, and give full play to the role of talents , to promote the transformation of a country with a large population into a country with a strong human capital.
First, build a team of high-quality talents
Implement the party and government talent training project, improve the training system, strengthen theoretical education, professional training and practical training, and improve the ideological and political quality of party and government talents and governance capabilities, and build a team of high-quality party and government leadership talents. Implement the entrepreneur training project to cultivate a group of entrepreneurs who are innovative and capable and adapt to the requirements of economic globalization, and promote the professionalization and marketization of enterprise management talents. Implement the professional and technical talent knowledge update project and the strategic high-tech talent training project, focusing on cultivating a group of scientific and technological leaders, subject leaders and strategic scientists.
Implement a high-skilled talent training project, establish a number of high-skilled talent training bases and public training bases, and build a team of highly-skilled talent. Strengthen the cultivation of practical talents in rural areas. Strengthen the development of human resources and the construction of talent teams in the central and western regions and northeastern regions. Encourage and guide overseas students to return to work and serve the country. Actively attract high-level overseas talents.
Second, innovate the talent working mechanism
Promote the market allocation of talent resources, eliminate institutional obstacles to the development of the talent market, standardize the management of the talent market, and create a social environment where talents emerge in large numbers and everyone can make the most of their talents. Deepen the reform of the cadre and personnel system, improve the classified management system for cadre personnel in agencies, enterprises and public institutions, and improve the talent evaluation, selection and appointment and incentive guarantee mechanisms focusing on moral character, ability and performance. Establish a comprehensive assessment and evaluation system for cadres that meets the requirements of the Scientific Outlook on Development, and focus on training and cultivating talents in practice. Deepen the reform of the professional title system. Implement the Civil Service Law and improve the civil service system. Governments at all levels and enterprises and institutions must increase investment in human resource development, strengthen human resource capacity building, and form a diversified investment mechanism.