Turbocharging: Development History
Who is the inventor of turbocharger? It is generally believed that Swiss engineer Beech applied for this patent in 1905. The key applications at that time were aircraft engines and tank engines. It was not until 196 1 year that General Motors of the United States began to install turbochargers on one of its models. In 1970s, as a turning point of turbocharging, Porsche 9 1 1 with supercharged engine came out. However, Saab in Sweden is the only company to revive turbocharger technology. Its Saab 99 model introduced in 1977 spread the turbocharging technology more widely, but at that time, turbocharging was only installed on the gasoline engine of the car. It was not until the mid-1980s that European and American truck manufacturers applied turbocharging technology to their diesel engines, and it was not until this decade that domestic cars became popular with turbocharged models.
Turbocharging: the purpose of turbocharging
The key function of turbocharging is to increase the air intake of the engine, which will increase the power and torque of the engine and make the car more dynamic. The maximum power of the engine with turbocharger can be increased by 40% or even higher than that of the engine without turbocharger. This means that the same engine can output more power after being supercharged. Take the 1.8T turbocharged engine that we often encounter as an example. After supercharging, the power can reach the level of 2.4L engine, but the fuel consumption is not much higher than that of 1.8L engine. The other is to improve the rationality of fuel and reduce exhaust emissions.
Automobile Turbocharging: Turbocharging Principle
Working principle diagram of turbocharger, red represents high temperature exhaust gas and blue represents fresh air.
The earliest turbochargers were used in sports cars or formula racing cars, so in some racing competitions with limited engine displacement, the engine can get more power. As we all know, the engine outputs power by burning the fuel in the cylinder to do work. Because the fuel input is limited by the amount of air sucked into the cylinder, the output power of the engine will also be limited. If the running performance of the engine is in the best state, and then the output power can only be improved by compressing more air into the cylinder to replenish fuel, then the combustion work capacity will be improved. Therefore, under the existing technical conditions, the turbocharger is the only mechanical device that can increase the output power of the engine without changing the working efficiency.
My friend may think that the turbocharger is complicated, but I don't think so. The key point of turbocharger is that it consists of turbine chamber and supercharger. Firstly, the air inlet of the turbine chamber is connected with the engine exhaust manifold, and the air outlet is connected with the exhaust pipe. Then, the air inlet of the supercharger is connected with the air filter pipe, and the air outlet is connected with the air inlet pipe. Finally, the turbine and the impeller are respectively installed in the turbine chamber and the supercharger, and are coaxially and rigidly connected. This is a complete turbocharger, and your engine is like the central processing unit of a computer. Overclocking &; Rdquo is over.
I think what we usually call a turbocharger is an air compressor, which compresses air to increase the air intake of the engine. In most cases, turbocharging basically relies on the inertia impulse of the exhaust gas discharged by the engine to drive the turbine in the turbine chamber, and the turbine drives the coaxial impeller to compress and convey the air filter tube. When the engine speed increases, the exhaust speed of exhaust gas increases synchronously with the turbine speed, and the impeller compresses more air into the cylinder. With the increase of air pressure and density, more fuel can be fully burned, and the output power of the engine can be improved by adding fuel and adjusting the engine speed accordingly.
After reading the brief introduction of small car series, is it necessary for friends to know about the problem of car turbocharging? So, do your friends like the knowledge that Bian Xiao Auto introduced to your friends today? Che Bianxiao believes that these content knowledge partners must have a good understanding, which is basically our problem. Finally, I hope that the introduction of automobile system can solve the problem for friends.
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