(20 12―2020)
Automobile industry is an important pillar industry of national economy and plays an important role in national economic and social development. With the sustained and rapid development of China's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the demand for automobiles will continue to grow for a long time to come, and the resulting energy shortage and environmental pollution will become more prominent. Accelerating the cultivation and development of energy-saving vehicles and new energy vehicles is not only an urgent task to effectively alleviate the pressure on energy environment and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry, but also a strategic measure to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the automobile industry and cultivate new economic growth points and international competitive advantages. This plan is formulated to implement the State Council's decision on developing strategic emerging industries, strengthening energy conservation and emission reduction, and accelerating the cultivation and development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industries. The planning period is 20 12-2020.
I. Development Status and Facing Situation A new energy vehicle refers to a vehicle that uses a new power system and is completely or mainly driven by new energy. The new energy vehicles referred to in this plan mainly include pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Energy-saving automobile refers to the automobile with internal combustion engine as the main power system, and its comprehensive fuel consumption is better than the target value in the next stage. Developing energy-saving and new-energy vehicles is an important measure to reduce automobile fuel consumption, ease the contradiction between fuel supply and demand, reduce exhaust emissions, improve the atmospheric environment, and promote technological progress and optimization and upgrading of automobile industry.
After nearly 10 years of R&D and demonstration operation, China's new energy vehicles basically have the foundation of industrial development, and major progress has been made in key technologies such as batteries, motors, electronic control and system integration. Pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles have been put on the market on a small scale. The promotion and application of automobile energy-saving technology has also made positive progress. By implementing the fuel consumption limit standard for passenger cars and fiscal and taxation policies to encourage the purchase of small-displacement cars, advanced energy-saving technologies and products such as internal combustion engines, high-efficiency transmissions, lightweight materials, vehicle optimization design, and hybrid power are vigorously promoted, and the average fuel consumption of automobiles is significantly reduced; Natural gas and other alternative fuel vehicle technologies are basically mature and initially industrialized, forming a certain market scale. However, on the whole, the key technologies and some core components of new energy vehicles in China have not been broken, the product cost is high, the social supporting system is imperfect, and the industrialization and marketization development are restricted; The key core technology of automobile energy saving has not been fully mastered, and there is still a certain gap between fuel economy and international advanced level, and the market share of energy-saving small-displacement vehicles is low.
In order to cope with the increasingly prominent contradiction between fuel supply and demand and environmental pollution, the world's major automobile producing countries have accelerated their deployment, made the development of new energy vehicles a national strategy, accelerated technology research and development and industrialization, and vigorously developed and popularized automobile energy-saving technologies. Energy-saving and new energy vehicles have become the development direction of the international automobile industry, and the future 10 will usher in an important strategic opportunity period for the transformation and upgrading of the global automobile industry. At present, the scale of automobile production and sales in China ranks first in the world, and it is expected to continue to grow in the future. We should seize the opportunity, pay close attention to deployment, accelerate the cultivation and development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industry, promote the optimization and upgrading of automobile industry, and realize the transformation from a big automobile industry country to a powerful automobile industry country.
Second, the guiding ideology and basic principles
(1) guiding ideology.
Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we should thoroughly implement Scientific Outlook on Development, take cultivating and developing energy-saving and new-energy automobile industry as an important task to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, base on national conditions and rely on industrial foundation, give full play to the main role of enterprises, increase policy support, create a good development environment, improve the innovation ability and industrialization level of energy-saving and new-energy vehicles, promote the optimization and upgrading of automobile industry, and enhance the overall competitiveness of automobile industry.
(2) Basic principles.
Adhere to the combination of industrial transformation and technological progress. Accelerate the cultivation and development of new energy automobile industry and promote the electrification transformation of automobile power system. Adhere to overall planning, while cultivating and developing the new energy automobile industry, vigorously promote energy-saving vehicles and promote the technological upgrading of the automobile industry.
Adhere to the combination of independent innovation and open cooperation. Strengthen innovation and development, take scientific and technological innovation as the main driving force to promote the development of China's energy-saving and new energy automobile industry, and accelerate the formation of technologies, standards and brands with independent intellectual property rights. Make full use of global innovation resources, carry out international scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges in depth, and explore new modes of cooperation.
Adhere to the combination of government guidance and market drive. During the industrial cultivation period, we will actively play the role of planning guidance and policy incentives, gather scientific and technological and industrial resources, encourage R&D and production of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and guide market consumption. After entering the industrial maturity, give full play to the driving role of the market in industrial development and the basic role of resource allocation, create a good market environment, and promote the large-scale commercial application of energy-saving and new energy vehicles.
Adhere to the combination of cultivating industries and strengthening supporting facilities. Take the whole vehicle as the leader, cultivate and drive the industrial chain of power battery, motor, automotive electronics, advanced internal combustion engine and high-efficiency transmission to accelerate development. Accelerate the construction of charging facilities, promote the coordinated development of charging facilities, smart grid and new energy industry, do a good job in marketing, after-sales service and battery recycling, and form a complete industrial supporting system.
Three. Technical route and main objectives
(1) technical route.
Pure electric drive is the main strategic orientation of the development of new energy vehicles and the transformation of automobile industry. At present, we focus on promoting the industrialization of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles, popularizing non-plug-in hybrid vehicles and energy-saving internal combustion engine vehicles, and improving the overall technical level of China's automobile industry.
(2) Main objectives.
1. Significant progress has been made in industrialization. By 20 15, the cumulative production and sales of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will strive to reach 500 thousand; By 2020, the production capacity of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles will reach 2 million, and the cumulative production and sales volume will exceed 5 million. The hydrogen energy industry for fuel cell vehicles and automobiles will keep pace with the international development.
2. The fuel economy has been significantly improved. By 20 15, the average fuel consumption of passenger cars produced in that year will drop to 6.9 liters/100 kilometers, and the fuel consumption of energy-saving passenger cars will drop below 5.9 liters/100 kilometers. By 2020, the average fuel consumption of passenger cars produced in that year will drop to 5.0 liters/100 kilometers, and the fuel consumption of energy-saving passenger cars will drop below 4.5 liters/100 kilometers; The fuel consumption of new commercial vehicles is close to the international advanced level.
3. The technical level has been greatly improved. The technologies of new energy vehicles, power batteries and key components have reached the international advanced level as a whole, and the key core technologies of automobile energy saving such as hybrid power, advanced internal combustion engine, high-efficiency transmission, automobile electronics and lightweight materials have been mastered, forming a group of energy-saving and new energy automobile enterprises with strong competitiveness.
4. Support capability has been significantly enhanced. The technical level and production scale of key components basically meet the domestic market demand. The construction of charging facilities is suitable for the production and sales scale of new energy vehicles, and meets the operational needs of new energy vehicles in key areas or intercity.
5. The management system is relatively perfect. Establish an effective energy-saving and new energy automobile enterprise and product management system, build a marketing, after-sales service and power battery recycling system, improve support policies, and form a relatively complete technical standard and management standard system.
Four. primary mission
(a) the implementation of energy-saving and new energy vehicle technology innovation project.
Improving technological innovation ability is the central link to cultivate and develop energy-saving and new energy automobile industry. It is necessary to strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in technological innovation, guide innovation elements to gather with advantageous enterprises, improve the technological innovation system with enterprises as the main body, market as the guide and Industry-University-Research as the combination, increase support through national science and technology plans, special projects and other channels, break through key core technologies and enhance industrial competitiveness.
1. Strengthen the research on key core technologies of new energy vehicles. Vigorously promote the technological innovation of power batteries, focus on the safety and reliability research and lightweight design of power battery systems, accelerate the research and development of key materials such as anode and cathode, separator and electrolyte of power batteries and their production, control and testing equipment, develop new supercapacitors and their combined systems with batteries, and promote the standardization and serialization of power batteries and related components and assemblies; Deploy in advance in the major foundation and cutting-edge technology fields of power batteries, focus on the research on new materials, systems, structures and new processes of high-specific energy power batteries, and concentrate on breaking through a number of key technologies that support long-term development. Strengthen the research and development of key components of new energy vehicles, and focus on supporting the research and development of driving motor systems and core materials, electric air conditioners, electric steering, electric brakes and other electric accessories. Carry out research on core technologies of fuel cell stacks, engines and their key materials. Grasp the development trend of new energy vehicles in the world and increase the research on other types of new energy vehicle technologies.
By 20 15 years, the maximum speed of pure electric passenger cars and plug-in hybrid passenger cars will not be lower than 100 km/h, and the mileage under comprehensive working conditions in pure electric drive mode will not be lower than 150 km and 50 km respectively; The specific energy of the power battery module reaches more than 150 WHr/kg, the cost is reduced below 2 yuan /WHr, and the cycle life is stable to more than 2000 cycles or 10 years. The power density of the electric drive system is above 2.5 kW/kg, and the cost is reduced to below 200 yuan /kW. By 2020, the specific energy of power battery module will reach above 300 WHr/kg, and the cost will be reduced to below 1.5 yuan /WHr.
2. Increase the research and development of energy-saving automobile technology. With the goal of greatly improving the fuel economy level of automobiles, we will actively promote the integrated innovation of automobile energy-saving technologies, introduce digestion, absorption and innovation. Focus on the research of hybrid technology, develop special engines and electromechanical coupling devices for hybrid power, and support the research and development of high-efficiency internal combustion engine technologies and advanced electronic control technologies such as high-pressure common rail of diesel engine, direct injection in cylinder of gasoline engine, homogeneous combustion and turbocharging; Support the development of six-speed and above mechanical transmissions, dual-clutch automatic transmissions and commercial vehicle automatic control mechanical transmissions; Break through low-resistance parts, lightweight materials and laser tailor-welded forming technology, and greatly improve the technical level of small-displacement engines. Carry out research on efficient control technology of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides.
3. Accelerate the establishment of a research and development system for energy-saving and new energy vehicles. Guide enterprises to increase investment in research and development of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, encourage the establishment of cross-industry technology development alliances for energy-saving and new energy vehicles, and accelerate the construction of * * * technology platforms. Focus on research and development of key core technologies such as pure electric passenger cars, plug-in hybrid passenger cars, hybrid commercial vehicles and fuel cell vehicles; Establish a test platform, product development database and patent database shared by related industries to realize resource sharing; Integrate existing scientific and technological resources, build a number of national vehicle and parts research and test bases, and build a sound basic platform for technological innovation; Build a number of international advanced engineering platforms and develop a number of industrial technology innovation alliances led by enterprises and actively participated by scientific research institutions and universities. Promote enterprises to implement trademark brand strategy, strengthen the creation, application, protection and management of intellectual property rights, build a patent system for the whole industry chain, and enhance industrial competitiveness.
(2) Scientific planning of industrial layout.
China has established a complete automobile industry system. To develop energy-saving and new energy vehicles, we should not only make good use of the existing industrial base, but also give full play to the role of market mechanism, strengthen planning guidance and improve development efficiency.
1. Coordinate the development of new energy electric vehicle production capacity. According to the actual needs of industrial development and industrial policy requirements, rationally develop the production capacity of new energy vehicles. Existing automobile enterprises should consider building new energy vehicle production capacity as a whole when implementing reconstruction and expansion. In the process of industrial development, we should pay attention to prevent low-level blind investment and redundant construction.
2. Focus on the construction of power battery industry clusters. Actively promote the large-scale production of power batteries, speed up the cultivation and development of a number of power battery production enterprises with continuous innovation ability, and strive to form 2-3 leading enterprises with production and sales scale exceeding10 billion watt-hours, R&D and key materials production capacity, and form 2-3 key production enterprises in the fields of anode and cathode, separator, electrolyte and other key materials respectively.
3. Improve the R&D and productivity of key components. Encourage relevant market players to actively participate and increase investment, develop a number of key component enterprises that meet the requirements of industrial chain agglomeration and have strong technological innovation capabilities, cultivate 2-3 key enterprises in the fields of drive motors and high-efficiency transmissions, and support the development of specialized automotive electronics enterprises with strong international competitiveness.
(3) Accelerate popularization and application and pilot demonstration.
New energy vehicles are still in the early stage of industrialization, so it is necessary to increase policy support, actively carry out pilot demonstrations, accelerate the cultivation of the market, and promote technological progress and industrial development. Energy-saving vehicles have the foundation of industrialization and need to be promoted through comprehensive measures such as standard constraints and fiscal and taxation support.
1. Solidly promote the pilot demonstration of new energy vehicles. Expand the demonstration and promotion scope of new energy vehicles in the field of public services in large and medium-sized cities, carry out pilot projects of private subsidies for new energy vehicles, and focus on comprehensive evaluation of performance verification, production and use, after-sales service and battery recycling of new energy vehicles in pilot cities determined by the state. Explore commercially feasible marketing models, coordinate the development of charging facilities, and form an effective mechanism to lead technological progress and industrial development.
Explore a variety of business models such as new energy vehicles and battery leasing, charging and replacing services, and form a number of high-quality new energy vehicle service enterprises. Continue to demonstrate the operation of fuel cell vehicles, improve the reliability and durability of fuel cell systems, and promote the development of hydrogen preparation, storage, transportation and filling technology.
2. Vigorously promote the popularization of energy-saving vehicles. Establish and improve the automobile energy-saving management system, promote the research and development and application of various advanced energy-saving technologies such as hybrid power, and accelerate the popularization of energy-saving vehicles. This paper introduces the management method of automobile fuel consumption based on enterprise average fuel consumption and stage target value. Starting from 20 12, the fuel consumption management of domestic and imported cars sold in China will be gradually implemented, and relevant testing and evaluation will be effectively carried out, and the technical indicators and annual requirements for energy saving of automobile products from 20 16 to 2020 will be put forward. Implement the fuel consumption labeling system for heavy commercial vehicles and the emission publicity system for pollutants such as nitrogen oxides.
3. Develop alternative fuel vehicles according to local conditions. Developing alternative fuel vehicles is a necessary supplement to reduce automobile fuel consumption. Actively carry out the research and development and application of alternative fuel manufacturing technology for vehicles, and encourage the development of alternative fuel vehicles in areas rich in natural gas (including liquefied natural gas), biofuels and other resources. Explore the application ways of other alternative fuel vehicle technologies to promote the diversified development of automobile energy.
(4) Actively promote the construction of charging facilities.
Perfect charging facilities are an important guarantee for the development of new energy automobile industry. It is necessary to plan scientifically, strengthen technology development, explore effective business operation modes, and actively promote the construction of charging facilities to meet the industrialization needs of new energy vehicles.
1. Make an overall development plan. Study and formulate the overall development plan of charging facilities for new energy vehicles, support the research and development of various applicable technologies, and actively promote the construction of charging facilities according to the industrialization process of new energy vehicles. In the early stage of industrial development, the focus was on building charging facilities in pilot cities. Pilot cities should, in accordance with the principles of intensive land use, standardized construction and meeting consumer demand, incorporate charging facilities into urban comprehensive transportation system planning and urban construction-related industry planning, scientifically determine the construction scale and location distribution, moderately advance construction, and actively try out charging technology modes such as decentralized slow charging of individual and public parking spaces. By summarizing the pilot experience, the development direction of charging facilities in line with the regional reality and the characteristics of new energy vehicles is determined.
2. Carry out research on key technologies of charging facilities. Accelerate the formulation of charging facilities design, construction, operation and management specifications and related technical standards, research and develop charging facilities networking, monitoring, metering and charging equipment and technology, carry out research and application of vehicle-network integration technology, and explore the mechanism of new energy vehicles as mobile energy storage units to realize two-way interaction of energy and information with the power grid.
3. Explore the business operation mode. Pilot cities should increase government investment, actively attract social funds to participate, and build facilities such as slow charging piles and fast charging and replacing electricity according to local power supply and land resources. Encourage the establishment of independent charging and replacing enterprises, establish a time-based charging and pricing mechanism, and gradually realize the marketization and socialization of charging facilities construction and management.
(5) Strengthen the cascade utilization and recycling management of power batteries.
Formulate management measures for power battery recycling, establish a management system for cascade utilization and recycling of power batteries, and clarify the responsibilities, rights and obligations of all parties concerned. Guide power battery manufacturers to strengthen the recycling of used batteries and encourage the development of specialized battery recycling enterprises. Strictly set the access conditions for power battery recycling enterprises, and define the technical standards and management requirements for power battery collection, storage, transportation, treatment, recycling and final disposal. Strengthen supervision, urge relevant enterprises to improve their technical level, strictly implement various environmental protection regulations, and prevent heavy metal pollution.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) protection
(a) improve the standard system and access management system.
Further improve the access management system for new energy vehicles and the announcement system for automobile products, and strictly implement the access conditions and certification requirements. Strengthen the research and formulation of safety standards for new energy vehicles, and accelerate the research and formulation of standards related to new energy vehicles and charging and replacing technologies and facilities according to the needs of application demonstration and large-scale development. Formulate and implement the target fuel consumption standards for passenger cars, light commercial vehicles and heavy commercial vehicles in stages. Actively participate in the formulation of international standards. Before 20 13, the standard system of energy-saving and new energy vehicles adapted to industrial development and energy planning will be basically established.
(2) Increase fiscal and taxation policy support.
The central government will allocate funds to give appropriate support to the implementation of technological innovation projects for energy-saving and new-energy vehicles, guide enterprises to increase investment in technology development, engineering, standard formulation and market application, and build a technological innovation system combining Industry-University-Research and China. Subsidize the demonstration of energy-saving and new energy vehicles in the public service field and the pilot of private purchase of new energy vehicles to encourage consumers to buy and use energy-saving vehicles; Give play to the guiding role of government procurement and gradually expand the procurement scale of energy-saving and new energy vehicles in public institutions; Study the reward and punishment policy based on automobile fuel consumption level and improve relevant laws and regulations. The demonstration city of new energy vehicles will arrange certain funds, which will be mainly used to support the construction of charging facilities and establish a cascade utilization and recycling system of batteries.
Study and improve the automobile tax policy system. Energy-saving and new energy vehicles and their key parts enterprises that have obtained preferential income tax qualifications for high-tech enterprises can enjoy relevant preferential policies according to law. The income obtained by energy-saving and new energy vehicles and their key parts enterprises from technology development, transfer and related consulting and service business can enjoy the business tax exemption policy according to regulations.
(3) Strengthen financial service support.
Guide financial institutions to establish a credit management and loan evaluation system to encourage the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industry, actively promote the innovation of financial products such as intellectual property pledge financing and industrial chain financing, accelerate the establishment of a multi-level guarantee system including financial investment and social capital investment, and comprehensively use policies such as risk compensation to promote greater financial support. Support qualified energy-saving and new energy vehicles and key parts enterprises to list and issue debt financing tools at home and abroad; Support qualified listed companies to refinance. In accordance with the principles of government guidance, market operation, standardized management and support for innovation, support local governments to set up venture capital funds for energy-saving and new energy vehicles. Those who meet the requirements can apply for shares of the central government according to regulations, and guide social funds to invest in energy-saving and new energy automobile industries in various ways.
(d) Creating a favorable environment for industrial development.
Vigorously develop new formats such as professional services and value-added services that are conducive to expanding the market scale of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, establish marketing and after-sales service systems such as financial credit, insurance, leasing, logistics, used car trading and power battery recycling for new energy vehicles, and develop quality and safety inspection service platforms for new energy vehicles and key components. Study and implement support policies such as parking fee reduction and exemption and fee concessions for new energy vehicles. New energy vehicles should be treated differently when implementing measures such as limited number driving, auction license plate quota and car purchase quota in relevant places.
(5) Strengthen the guarantee of talent team.
Firmly establish the idea of talent first, establish a multi-level talent training system and increase the intensity of talent training. Relying on the relevant national projects, we will train a number of internationally renowned leading talents in the key core technologies of energy-saving and new energy vehicles. Strengthen the construction of electrochemistry, new materials, automotive electronics, vehicle engineering, mechatronics and other related disciplines, and train talents in technical research, product development, management, intellectual property and technology application. In accordance with the relevant requirements of the National Medium and Long-term Talent Development Plan (20 10-2020), we will promote the introduction of talents and encourage enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions to introduce foreign talents. Attach importance to the development of vocational education and job skills upgrading training, and increase the training of engineering and technical personnel and professional skills talents.
(6) Actively play the role of international cooperation.
Support automobile enterprises, universities and scientific research institutions to carry out international cooperative research on the basic and cutting-edge technologies of energy-saving and new energy vehicles, outsource global R&D services, set up R&D institutions overseas, carry out joint R&D, and submit patent applications abroad. Actively create conditions, carry out various forms of technical exchanges and cooperation, and learn from foreign advanced technology and experience. We will improve export credit and insurance policies and support the export of new energy automobile products, technologies and services. Support enterprises to cultivate international brands through overseas trademark registration and overseas acquisition. Give full play to the role of various multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms, strengthen international exchanges and coordination in technical standards, policies and regulations, and cooperate to explore and promote new modes of commercialization of new energy vehicles.
Plan and implementation of intransitive verbs
Establish an inter-ministerial coordination mechanism for the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industry led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, with the participation of the Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance and other departments, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, and comprehensively take various measures to form a joint force to accelerate the development of energy-saving and new energy automobile industry. All relevant departments shall, according to the division of functions, formulate their own work plans and supporting policies and measures to ensure the completion of the objectives and tasks proposed in the plan.
Relevant regions should formulate specific implementation plans in accordance with the objectives, tasks, policies and measures determined in the plan, combined with local conditions, and carefully organize their implementation to ensure effective results. The specific work plan and the new situation and new problems in the implementation process should be submitted to the relevant departments in a timely manner.