1 the technical progress of rotor spinning is developing continuously in the fierce competition.
1. 1 competition between self-exhausting rotor spinning machine and air-sucking rotor spinning machine
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Czech self-exhaust rotor spinning machine dominated the world rotor spinning machine market. However, the three major western machinery manufacturers (Rieter, lutar, and German causality) avoided Czech patents and independently developed air-pumping rotor spinning machines, which began to compete in the market in the 1970s. Competing with each other for more than 30 years, until 1999 and 2004, Elitex (ready-made Orikon Czech company) and Usti (part of ready-made Rieter company) in the Czech Republic successively switched from self-exhaust rotor spinning machines to exhaust rotor spinning machines. This competition has basically come to an end internationally.
1.2 competition
Schlafhorst (Schlaf) Company introduced Autocoro series automatic rotor spinning machine from 1979, and it has been developing continuously in the competition of automation, speed and quantity of rotor spinning machine. The first is the competition between automatic rotor spinning machine and ordinary rotor spinning machine (including self-exhaust and exhaust). In this competition, the low speed, low quality and manual joints of ordinary rotor spinning machines are gradually difficult to meet the needs of developing markets, and the high price of automatic rotor spinning machines is also difficult to be accepted by developing countries.
From 265438 to the beginning of the 20th century, semi-automatic rotor spinning machines appeared like mushrooms after rain. It changes the rotor to air suction type, and applies semi-automatic joint technology to make the rotation speed reach 70,000 ~1.20,000 rpm. The spinning quality can be comparable to that of the automatic rotor spinning machine, but the price of the machine is less than one third of that of the automatic rotor spinning machine. It has won the favor of spinning enterprises by "the quality of automatic rotor spinning machine and the price of ordinary rotor spinning machine"
1.3 Innovation and Conservative Technology Competition
The development history of rotor spinning technology at home and abroad is actually a process of continuous innovation of rotor spinning technology. Drafting from roller to carding roller; From the need for impurity removal devices to the gradual improvement of impurity removal and recovery systems; From self-exhaust to exhaust; The rotation speed of the cup ranges from 30000 rpm to 1500 rpm; From 160 to 500; Small roll to large roll; Product development from spinning cotton to spinning multi-variety and multi-yarn number; From low-grade raw materials and low-grade products to medium and fine count knitting and weaving high-grade products; From ordinary manual joints to automatic and semi-automatic joints; From multiple failures to fewer failures, continuously improve the stability and reliability of equipment. In this competition, innovative textile machinery enterprises, such as Schlaf Horst Company and Rieter Company, can survive and develop. Innovation and conservative competition make the international rotor spinning machine manufacturing industry change from free competition to international monopoly group through merger and bankruptcy.
2 rotor spinning machine classification and equipment selection
2. 1 Classification according to the degree of automation of rotor spinning machines (table 1).
As can be seen from the table 1, there are great differences in output and automation between fully automatic, semi-automatic and ordinary rotor spinning machines. Ordinary rotor spinning machine is the main type of rotor spinning machine in China before 2 1 century, among which the number of self-exhaust rotor spinning machines is the largest. In recent years, with the development of rotor spinning technology, ordinary rotor spinning machines are gradually being replaced by fully automatic and semi-automatic rotor spinning machines. The reason is:
(1) Ordinary rotor spinning machines have low speed and low output; (2) The yarn quality stability is poor due to factors such as self-exhaust rotor accumulation; (3) There are many joint yarn defects, slub yarn defects and spinning yarn defects; (4) Low degree of automation, especially joint technology; (5) The package is generally small and poorly formed. If it is replaced by large packaging, the rotor speed is low, the output is low, and the area is large, which is still not suitable economically.
In recent years, the market of ordinary rotor spinning machine has dropped sharply, but for developing non-cotton fiber, low-grade roving and rotor spinning with low requirements on rotor speed, using ordinary rotor spinning machine can still reduce the production cost and obtain higher economic benefits.
2.2 Comparison of fully automatic and semi-automatic rotor spinning machines (Table 2)
During 200 1-2003, China introduced more than 300 sets of Autocoro series and R series, with 65,438+ten thousand heads, which played an important role in promoting the technical progress and industrial upgrading of rotor spinning in China. However, due to its expensive equipment price, high production cost and the appreciation of the euro, the spinning enterprises in China stopped. Although the semi-automatic rotor spinning machine began to develop in the 2nd/kloc-0th century, it quickly occupied the dominant position in the rotor spinning machine market in China due to its comprehensive advantages in product quality, equipment productivity, machine price, production cost and input-output ratio, and became the main mode of product structure adjustment and technical progress in China.
3 Characteristics of technical progress of rotor spinning machines in the world today
3. 1 Technical progress of automatic rotor spinning machine
(1) The number of fully automatic rotor spinning machines has gradually expanded from 192 to 480 ~ 500. The expansion of the number of heads improves the productivity of the machine; (2) The level of intelligence, digitalization and automation of aircraft is constantly improving, and its reliability is constantly improving; (3) The function and reliability of on-line detection of spinning and joint (yarn defects, coarse details and foreign fibers) are constantly improved; (4) The high-speed and high-quality production of automatic rotor spinning machine makes rotor spinning develop from medium and low count yarns to medium and fine count high-grade knitting and weaving yarns, and some of them also adopt the independent transmission mode of feeding rollers, which can spin new yarns such as slub yarns; (5) Some progress has been made in reducing the energy consumption of automatic rotor spinning and improving the winding quality.
3.2 Technical progress of semi-automatic rotor spinning machine
(1) gradually improve the joint device, and constantly improve the semi-automatic joint quality, which can be comparable to the automatic rotor spinning machine; (2) On-line detection of spinning and joints is widely used, and its detection function and reliability are no less than that of automatic rotor spinning machine; (3) The rotor speed gradually increased, reaching 65438 0.2 million rpm; (4) It has surpassed the automatic rotor spinning machine in reducing spinning cost, expanding spinning field and reducing energy consumption.
3.3 characteristics of autocoro innovative rotor spinning machine
In 2009, Orikon Group introduced the innovative Autocoro S rotor spinning machine, which is a new model developed on the basis of Autocoro series automatic rotor spinning machines and absorbing the characteristics of semi-automatic joints. The automatic joint operation is cancelled, and the digital joint is used to control the feeding and yarn introduction time of each spinning machine in turn. Although some manual joint operation parts have been added, many advantages have been obtained. (1) Improve machine production efficiency and reduce spinning cost; (2) It has the spinning function, spinning quality and output of Autocoro automatic rotor spinning machine; (3) the problem of full-automatic car combination is completely avoided; (4) It is expected that the price of the machine can be reduced.
4 China rotor spinning technology progress direction
4. 1 rotor spinning fiber raw materials continue to be diversified and mixed.
Type, the development direction of comprehensive and rational utilization.
The fiber raw materials of rotor spinning are mainly cotton and chemical fiber, but the development of hemp, wool, silk and new chemical fiber raw materials, especially the new chemical fiber raw materials (Tencel? The development of modal, superfine fiber, differential chemical fiber and functional fiber will bring new vitality to rotor spinning. In the development and application of fiber raw materials, rotor spinning should be used to mix and utilize a variety of fibers, especially because it is more suitable for the blending of long, short, thick and fine fibers. Comprehensive and rational utilization of low-grade fiber raw materials, waste cotton, waste materials, recycled fibers, etc. These are not suitable for traditional ring spinning.
4.2 Rotor spinning products are developing in the direction of high quality, medium and fine count knitting and woven yarn.
exhibit
In this development process, we should pay attention to the reasonable selection of raw materials (fineness, strength, impurities); The impurity and dust content of semi-finished products and the reduction of short fiber rate; Optimal selection of false twist disc, twist stopper and rotor in rotor spinning
4.3 Automatic, semi-automatic and multifunctional rotor spinning equipment
(1) The research and development of domestic automatic rotor spinning machine continues to develop in depth. (2) The semi-automatic rotor spinning machine is developing in the direction of further increasing the rotating speed, improving the joint quality, increasing the number of machines and increasing the versatility. (3) Development of special rotor spinning equipment: rotor spinning machines for medium and long fibers, rotor spinning machines for core-spun composite yarns, rotor spinning machines for slub yarns, etc.
4.4 rotor spinning enterprises to scale intensive development
In recent years, large rotor spinning enterprises (such as Xinjiang Tianshan Group, Zhejiang Cole Company, Shandong Wei Qiao Group, Jiangsu Fanghua Group, etc. ) is constantly emerging. These enterprises have dozens and hundreds of rotor spinning machines, equipped with special equipment for opening, carding and drawing and a good production environment, and equipped with professional production technicians, making their products high-grade, large-scale, high-quality and low-cost, and gradually becoming the leader of rotor spinning industry in China. There are more than 65,438+0,000 rotor spinning machines in Wenzhou, China, processing recycled fiber raw materials, forming intensive regional production. The large-scale intensive development of rotor spinning enterprises is helpful to improve the technical progress, product quality and benefit of rotor spinning.
Five ways to improve rotor spinning technology and equipment in China
(1) Combining the self-developed domestic rotor spinning machine with the advanced foreign rotor spinning machine, the domestic rotor spinning machine has always occupied a leading position of more than 70%. Private capital is dominant in textile enterprises, and the proportion of foreign capital is small.
(2) China's rotor spinning technology progress has long adhered to the principle of combining textile machinery factories, spinning factories, colleges and universities, scientific research units and special parts factories. Through rotor spinning, related professional groups are promoted to develop together, such as dragon belts, bearings, carding rollers, injection molds for spinning machines, toothed belts, fans, electrical and electronic parts, etc. And professional development has also improved the manufacturing level of key components.
(3) Pay attention to academic and technical research and exchange, and promote the development of rotor spinning. Since the 1960s, the technical exchange of rotor spinning has been going on unremittingly. Through communication, the knowledge of rotor spinning will be popularized, and the popularization and application of new technologies, new processes and new products will be promoted, so that rotor spinning in China will achieve lasting, harmonious and healthy development.
6 conclusion
(1) The technological progress of rotor spinning develops in competition; According to China's national conditions, semi-automatic rotor spinning machine will become the main model for structural adjustment of rotor spinning equipment in China. (2) China's rotor spinning technology is developing in the direction of diversification of fiber raw materials, automation, multi-functional equipment, fine count yarn in products and large-scale intensification of enterprises. (3) Strengthen scientific research and technical exchange through the combination of independence, digestion and introduction, as well as the combination of textile machinery enterprises, universities, spinning enterprises and specialized parts factories, so as to promote the technical progress of rotor spinning in China.