Who invented refractories?

Fire played a decisive role in early human civilization. However, human's understanding of fire is from initial fear and panic to active use, and finally the purpose of benefiting mankind is achieved by making kindling. The originator of modern lighters can be said to be16th century European tinder box and CHUCK-MUCKRS tinder box with the same name. They work on the same principle, and both use lighter iron to generate sparks and ignite flammable materials. The difference is that the tinder box is chained to one side, while the tinder box is completely integrated. The latter belongs to China. Shortly after the first pistol came out in the world, the first early lighter appeared, because it was changed from a pistol and called a tinder pistol. This kind of lighter has long been used as a status symbol and office decoration.

/kloc-in the 0/8th century, lighters lit with ropes appeared. Then there are lighters, corundum grinding wheels, matchsticks and gasoline lighters made of phosphorus and kerosene or wax. 1854 The Crimean War broke out, which made the cigarette industry develop rapidly. Before that, people in Eastern Europe and the Balkans smoked. Western Europe mainly chews cigarettes and pipes. In the war, Eastern Europeans can smoke a few mouthfuls between battles, and opponents only put on a hookah when they hear the marching horn.

Smoking has become more and more convenient, and lighters have also developed into the way of lighting the match head with a lighter wheel and then lighting the gasoline with the match head. During this period, due to the discovery of phosphorus, matches also came out. Many lighters are also matchboxes.

The fuel problem seems easy to solve, but the problem is that the method of generating sparks has been quite clumsy. The runner of the lighter we use today was actually developed by Austrian Auer, who found that the metal made of Fe-Ce alloy is easy to produce large-area sparks when rubbed. This metal is named after Orr. At first, the flint wheel made of Orr metal was not file-shaped, but after some groping, it developed into flint and was put into the flint tube. In order to ensure sufficient pressure between flints of the flint wheel, there is a spring structure under the flint, and friction with the flint wheel can generate sparks. Orr solved the problem caused by spark, and it is still the mainstream way of lighter ignition. However, people did not think of using a runner at first, but used a semi-runner, but soon realized that the disadvantage of this reciprocating semi-runner is that the flint wears away too quickly, because the flint has to be ground even if it is not struck.

Later, with the development of science and technology, people invented the electric light. Modern cars burning liquid and gas fuels are all ignited by spark plugs.

Although the lighter is small, it reflects human's understanding of nature and the development of industrial civilization.

The fuel of lighters has also experienced tinder, match rope, sulfur, phosphorus (red phosphorus, white phosphorus), paraffin, kerosene, alcohol/perfume, hydrogen, methane, gas to gasoline and butane. Among them, gasoline has been selected as the fuel for lighters before the car is used.

When the spark problem and fuel problem were solved, the lighter industry developed rapidly. 19 At the end of the 20th century, there were cigarette lighter factories everywhere, some were made of metal, some were made of bakelite (phenolic resin), and a hundred flowers really blossomed. /kloc-around 0/993, some Jews in Germany moved to Britain and the United States because they couldn't bear the devastation of the Nazis. Among them, some lighter manufacturers fled to London and began to make lighters in Britain. At this time, alfred dunhill, who opened a pipe shop, began to make lighters.

At this time in the United States, a man named Alanson made a Lanson lighter, and Lanson applied for a patent for its banjo shape. This kind of primary lighter made of gasoline and flint has been brilliant for quite some time. Later, like many manufacturers, it stopped production. In the history of lighter manufacturing, the most legendary and enduring (which can be seen in department stores all over the world) is the ZIPPO lighter in the United States.