What dwarfs Toyota THS hybrid car is Honda's i-MMD. When Toyota THS was released at 1997, it was really a bit ingenious, unique in creativity and exquisite in structure, which surprised the industry for a time. Toyota defended itself with patents, and other car companies had to detour in despair. Unexpectedly, after several rounds of tossing, Honda finally got an i-MMD on 20 13, which is completely different from Toyota THS, but the fuel saving effect is not bad at all (even slightly better).
At first, there was a saying that "there are only two kinds of hybrids in the world, one is Toyota's and the other is others'"; As soon as Honda i-MMD came out, it was changed to "three kinds in the world"; Actually, today, this sentence should be changed again. After all, BYD and Hyundai have new tricks, especially BYD's plug-in hybrid, and its performance has soared, which is unparalleled for a while.
"Two fields" hybrid power can be described as two wonderful flowers of automobile fuel-saving technology, which not only reduces fuel consumption, but also improves driving experience. Everyone has heard of many benefits. This time, focusing on finding faults and talking about their shortcomings can give consumers a more complete impression of hybrid technology and make them more transparent when choosing a car.
Before picking the thorn, let's briefly understand the hybrid system, otherwise, we don't know where to pick the thorn.
The hybrid power in the car is nothing more than to save fuel; Mixing is nothing more than oil-electricity mixing, which mixes the power of gasoline engine and motor.
Although the motor also provides power, fundamentally speaking, the power of the motor on the hybrid car is provided by the engine, and all the energy that drives the car is dozens of liters of gasoline added to the fuel tank.
There are three main fuel-saving methods in hybrid power system:
First, reduce the engine burden and try to work in the most fuel-efficient speed range;
Second, if the engine outputs more power, the excess is used to generate electricity and stored in the battery;
Third, when slowing down or braking, the kinetic energy of the car is converted into electric energy and recycled into the battery.
The engine on a hybrid car is slightly different from that on an ordinary car. You may have noticed that this kind of engine emphasizes thermal efficiency. For example, Toyota is saying everywhere that the thermal efficiency of the hybrid version 2.5 engine is as high as 41%; The 2.0 engine used in Honda's hybrid version has a thermal efficiency of 40.6%-both of which are the world's top levels.
When the engine of a hybrid car is working, you can pick and choose. Generally, you only do the most labor-saving work, such as accelerating your start. Either have a motor to help you, or simply give it to the motor. Therefore, this kind of engine can be designed and adjusted regardless of many working conditions, and one idea is to save fuel. In order to improve thermal efficiency, some dynamic performance is sacrificed.
The basic trick of hybrid technology is to let the engine and motor play their respective strengths and help each other. The workflow is roughly as follows:
Motor has inherent advantages, as long as it moves, it can output the maximum torque, and the start of hybrid car depends on it. At this time, it is electric drive.
However, the power battery capacity of hybrid vehicle is small, and it can't run far by motor drive. At this time, the engine should work and enter the "mixed state". Tian Liang's hybrid system has a small coup. You can use the motor to rotate the engine first, and then ignite it at a suitable speed. One of the advantages of this is that the engine will run in the fuel-efficient speed range when igniting, and the other is that the starting vibration is very small and basically imperceptible.
If acceleration is needed, the engine and motor work together; If the car runs smoothly, the engine will have surplus power. At this time, the surplus power will be generated by the generator and then stored in the battery.
When the car slows down or brakes, the rotating wheels will take the motor to generate electricity, and the motor will convert part of the kinetic energy of the car into electric energy and recycle it to the battery.
The engine is fuel-efficient, it only works in the state of saving fuel as much as possible, and then converts the wasted energy of ordinary gasoline vehicles into electric energy to drive the motor-that's how fuel-efficient it is. How much can I save? If the car ratio is the same, the hybrid car can save two or three liters per 100 kilometers than the gasoline car.
Toyota's THS and Honda's i-MMD are completely different in structure, but these are three ways to save fuel. As for their respective structures, it is difficult for non-professionals to understand, and it doesn't matter if they don't understand, which will not affect nitpicking.
Having said that, I still want to say a few advantages of hybrid cars by the way. It is not only fuel efficient, but also very quiet, because the motor is used in the initial stage, and there is no noise from the engine. The motor can output the maximum torque as soon as it moves, and the hybrid electric vehicle has fast acceleration response at low and medium speeds, strong speed-up ability and swish driving. The motor can also adjust the engine speed, and the power connection is smooth. In addition, there is no "gear" in the "Second Field" hybrid, and it is very smooth to drive, and there is no such thing as shifting gears.
The hybrid system is really not easy, it is carefully calculated everywhere, and the energy of corners can be used. Having said so much, the point is not to praise, but to prepare for criticism. If you don't know the mixed A side, you won't know its B side well.
On the basis of gasoline vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle has electric drive system, including power battery, motor and electronic control. What is more troublesome is that it is very brain-consuming to "mix" the power of the engine and the motor and live in harmony. Toyota's exclusive cheats are a set of power shunt devices composed of planetary gear sets. Honda's unique skills are electric drive+direct drive and powerful algorithm. The research and development expenses of both sets of things are not small.
Although there is a gearbox missing from the gasoline car, the cost of the hybrid car is obviously higher. After many price cuts, the hybrid version of the same brand is generally more than 20,000 yuan more expensive than the gasoline version.
The main purpose of developing hybrid electric vehicles is to save fuel. Oil is saved, but the performance will be dragged down.
In the starting and middle-low speed range, the acceleration ability of the hybrid vehicle is better than that of the fuel vehicle of the same class with the support of the motor that can output large torque instantly, but it is empty in the high speed range.
As mentioned above, how can the hybrid engine save fuel during adjustment? Compared with the same displacement engine, the maximum output power is much lower. For example, the 2.5-liter engine used by Toyota Camry twin engines has a maximum output of 13 1kW, which is equivalent to the 2.0-liter level of gasoline Camry. The gap is obvious.
Well, isn't there a motor on the hybrid? Add up the motor and engine, and the power is much larger than that of a gasoline car, right?
Account is not such an algorithm. Specifically, Toyota and Honda have different roads.
The core of Toyota Hybrid is a set of planetary gear set power shunt device (together with dual motors to form E-CVT), which skillfully combines the three power sources of engine, driving motor and generator, and the three parties work together and cooperate tacitly. But there is nothing perfect in the world. This mechanical structure has an inherent limitation, that is, neither the engine nor the driving motor can do their best to push the car. The engine can only generate more than 70% of the driving force at most, and the rest will be used to generate electricity; The driving motor is constrained by the speed of the generator and can only stop.
Toyota Camry dual-engine version, the maximum engine power 13 1kW, and the maximum driving motor power of 88kW add up to ***2 19kW. But you can see that the "maximum output power of the system" of the dual-engine version is only 160kW, which is only slightly higher than that of the gasoline version of the 2.5 self-priming engine.
Honda's hybrid system structure is very different from Toyota's, and it is driven by motor in most working conditions. The so-called hybrid power mode is not driven by the engine, but driven by the generator to "afterburner"; Only when cruising at a higher speed will the engine be "directly connected" and directly drive the car, but at this time the motor will stop.
Simply put, in Honda's hybrid structure, the engine and motor will not drive the car at the same time, and the dynamic performance of the car mainly depends on which drive motor is stronger. The maximum power of the motor used in the hybrid Accord is only 65,438+0,365,438+0 kW, which is in the middle and low speed range. With the inherent advantages of the motor, the acceleration force is very strong, but it begins to release when it reaches the high speed range.
In addition, if you are picky, the hybrid car of "Erye" is very quiet and advanced. However, when accelerating rapidly, the engine was hoarse, but it was still lacking in confidence.
As mentioned above, there are three magic weapons for hybrid fuel economy, and none of them will work at high speed. Therefore, it is not very fuel-efficient for hybrid cars to run at high speed.
The first magic weapon is to make the engine work in the fuel-efficient speed range as much as possible. When driving at high speed, the engine of the hybrid car can only provide enough power by increasing the speed, which is out of the "comfort zone" of the speed. In this state, there is no way to save fuel.
The second magic weapon is to use the surplus power of the engine to generate electricity and convert it into electric energy storage. At high speed, the engine is full of energy. How much spare capacity is there for power generation?
The third magic weapon is energy recovery. When driving at high speed, most of the time is cruising, deceleration and braking are greatly reduced, and there is not much energy to be recovered.
Therefore, the fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles is not much different from that of gasoline vehicles with the same power when driving at high speed.
There are also some things that can be picky: for example, the low-speed range of hybrid cars is not always quiet, and when the battery power is insufficient, the engine will suddenly start; For example, when the engine warms up slowly when it is cold, there may be problems such as increased oil.
Automobile manufacturers develop hybrid car owners mainly to save fuel, and hybrid cars do save fuel, but do people really buy hybrid cars to save fuel?
The fuel consumption of the hybrid version is two or three liters lower than that of a gasoline vehicle with the same power. Running 10 thousand kilometers can save more than 1000 yuan. You can calculate how many miles you have to run to save the difference of 20 thousand yuan. It's still a good deal to buy a Corolla twin-engine car, but a large number of private cars can't even run 10 thousand kilometers a year, so it's of little significance to save that gas money.
For many people, what really attracts them is the sense of technology and the fresh driving experience. Hybrid cars give people the feeling of "high-tech", with a quiet start, sensitive speed-up response, smooth and smooth driving, and can mysteriously save gasoline without knowing it. Some people think that this kind of car is very advanced, and it is worthwhile to spend an extra 32 thousand.
The mixing of "two fields" is almost meaningless for people who have high requirements for power. Now there are 2.0T runs everywhere, and it's nothing to accelerate for 7 seconds. In contrast, it's ok to run around the city, and it's better to surf in the distance or turbine.
Picked a thorn for a long time, to be honest, the biggest problem of "two fields" hybridization is "expensive". If it's cheaper, for example, it's only 10 thousand yuan more expensive than a gasoline car, needless to say, buy it!
There is no doubt about the reliability of the "Second Field" hybrid vehicle. Although the hybrid system sounds complicated, in fact, the mechanical structure of the "Second Field" hybrid car is not complicated, even simpler than a gasoline car equipped with an automatic transmission. The "Tian Liang" hybrid car has been on the market for many years. The failure rate of hybrid system is very low, the life of power battery is long enough, and the warranty policy is good (Toyota power battery is guaranteed for 8 years or 200,000 kilometers; Honda power battery warranty 10 year or 20km).
I read the news these two days that according to the newly released "Technology Roadmap for Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles 2.0", the policy support for hybrid vehicles will increase, and Toyota seems to be stepping on the policy to grab the market by selling hybrid systems to friends. Next, Honda will definitely make a move, while Hyundai and BYD will not stand by. With the large-scale promotion and competition of hybrid power, further price reduction is just around the corner.
Hybrid cars are actually quite embarrassing. Those who really care about gas money can't afford it, and those who buy hybrid cars don't care much about gas money. So we should not only save fuel, but also reduce prices. ? Text/Fu Xuefeng
This article comes from car home, the author of the car manufacturer, and does not represent car home's position.