Effect of turmeric on intestinal flora
With the increase of research on curcumin in recent 10 years, it has been found that curcumin has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, scavenging oxygen free radicals, preventing cancer, anticancer, protecting liver and kidney and anti-fibrosis effects in clinical trials of cells, animals and human beings, and its role in digestive system has been increasingly concerned.
A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study showed that the effects of turmeric and curcumin dietary supplements on human intestinal flora:
The healthy subjects were divided into three groups, taking Ginger Tablets (6 people), Curcumin Tablets (5 people) or Placebo (3 people) respectively for 8 weeks.
The changes of intestinal flora of the subjects are highly individualized. After the intervention, the number of fecal bacterial strains in the placebo group decreased, while the turmeric and curcumin groups increased by 7% and 69% respectively.
There are individuals with similar flora changes in Curcuma and Curcuma: Clostridium, Bacteroides, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Klebsiella, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas, but the abundance of several species of Brautia and most species of Luminococcus decreased [1].
What is intestinal flora?
There are many kinds of microorganisms living in the stomach of healthy people, which are called intestinal flora. Intestinal flora is composed in a certain proportion, and different intestinal flora has different effects on human health.
Intestinal flora is a very complex group. We generally divide intestinal flora into three types, namely probiotics, neutral bacteria and harmful bacteria.
The role of intestinal flora
Intestinal bacteria can adhere to the mucosal layer on the surface of the inner wall of the intestine, forming a barrier composed of bacteria. Their functions include immune defense, maintaining the barrier to the external environment (such as epidermis or dermis structure and intestinal mucosa), participating in lipid metabolism, extracting nutrients, producing vitamins, producing short-chain fatty acids, managing and manufacturing neurotransmitters, etc. [2-3].
Regulation of curcumin on beneficial bacteria
Animal experiments show that curcumin can affect the distribution of intestinal microbial flora. Feeding rats with high-fat food will change the composition of intestinal flora, but adding curcumin to high-fat food will tend to the composition of intestinal flora of rats fed with normal food [4].
In addition, in the mouse model of ileitis, curcumin supplementation reduced the number of pro-inflammatory enterobacteria and enterococci, and increased the number of anti-inflammatory lactobacilli and bifidobacteria [5].
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on harmful bacteria
Curcuma longa extract, curcumin and its volatile oil have anti-gram-positive effects in vitro. It has been confirmed that Helicobacter pylori (Helicobacter pylori, Helicobacter pylori) is closely related to the occurrence of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Mahady et al [6] found that? Curcumin can obviously inhibit the growth of HP strain, which provides a strong basis for curcumin to resist peptic ulcer.
At the same time, curcumin also has a strong inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella, and can improve the intestinal flora. Curcumin affects immune function by regulating cell proliferation, and also shows changes in immune function by regulating bacteria.
Therefore, curcumin can regulate intestinal health by increasing beneficial flora and reducing harmful flora in the intestine.
Anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin on intestinal inflammation
Curcumin, as an effective anti-inflammatory drug, has inhibitory effects on acute, subacute and chronic inflammation. The inflammatory reaction of colon cells can be inhibited by reducing neutrophil infiltration, inhibiting lipid peroxidation and reducing serine activity [7].
Four weeks after curcumin treatment of ulcerative colitis in rats, it was found that the contents of interleukin (IL)-1β+0β and IL-6 in serum and intestinal tissue in curcumin treatment group were significantly lower than those in model group, while the content of IL-4 was significantly higher than that in model group, and the gross morphology and histological score of colon tissue were significantly improved. It shows that curcumin may decrease the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors IL- 1β and IL-6, and increase the concentration of anti-inflammatory factor IL-4, thus protecting UC [8].
Rats were fed with 0.5%, 2.0% and 5.0% curcumin respectively in the model of colonic inflammation induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. The results showed that 0. 1% curcumin intake (lasting 10 week) could inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL- 1βmRNA, and increase IL-65438+ in colon mucosa. Histopathological changes of colitis in rats were obviously alleviated, and body weight consumption was also improved [9].
The results showed that curcumin intake was related to the inhibition of 70% intestinal tumor formation [10].
Curcumin prevents gastrointestinal tumors
The content of harmful bacteria in the intestine is high. Compared with the lack of anti-inflammatory factors in the intestine, the risk of intestinal cancer will increase. A recent human study also reached the same result. Long-term use of antibiotics will increase the risk of intestinal cancer. As we all know, antibiotics will destroy the composition of intestinal flora, leading to the decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the increase of harmful bacteria in human intestine, thus increasing the risk of intestinal cancer.
With diet becoming the key factor of intestinal microecology, dietary intervention is an attractive method to prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Turmeric as a food additive? This is one of the characteristics of traditional Indian diet. It is speculated that the low incidence of intestinal cancer in India may be related to the large intake of curcumin in the diet.
Curcumin can inhibit the growth of various tumor cell lines and prevent the formation of rodent cancer species such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer induced by chemical and radiation. Recent studies have found that curcumin can inhibit the proliferation of human colon adenocarcinoma Lovo cells and effectively inhibit the anchoring of colon cancer cells unrelated to proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner [1 1, 12]. Curcumin has been listed as the third generation cancer chemopreventive drug by the National Cancer Institute. In 2007, the most authoritative National Health Agency (NIH) in the United States approved the clinical trials of curcumin for rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, Alzheimer's disease and multiple myeloma.
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