Large-scale planting technology of konjac

Amorphophallus konjac, also known as the ghost flower connecting rod, is a perennial herb of Araceae.

Konjac is rich in nutrition. According to the determination, konjac contains a lot of glucomannan, 17 kinds of amino acids needed by human body, and a variety of unsaturated fatty acids. According to medical monographs such as Compendium of Materia Medica and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine, konjac has the functions of detumescence, detoxification, phlegm elimination, pulse dredging and stomach strengthening, so it is favored by the world health food market and is popular in Southeast Asia. Moreover, it is expensive, and a ton of konjac powder in Hong Kong and Macao markets reaches more than 2,000 US dollars.

Amorphophallus konjac has wide adaptability, and does not require high conditions such as soil and temperature. Can be planted in plains, mountains, fields, corners, in front of and behind houses. Amorphophallus konjac has high utilization value, and can be used to process a series of foods and medicines such as konjac noodles, cakes, jams and small champagne. Therefore, the development and utilization of konjac has a very broad prospect.

1. konjac's requirements for environmental conditions. The aerial stem of Amorphophallus konjac resembles a spotted black snake with pinnate compound leaves and pinnate lobules. The whole branch and a single stem form an inverted umbrella of soy sauce color. The underground stem expands into a ball, and the bulb contains a toxic alkaloid, hemp mouth, but it can be eaten after boiling with bleached alkali or gray alkali. When cultivating, you should choose a conical konjac with a flat top and a small pit, which can't be used as seeds. Amorphophallus likes cold climate and is resistant to humidity. Deep loam or sandy loose soil is suitable for soil quality, while konjac is not suitable for heavy clay and cold sandy soil. Avoid continuous cropping and previous cropping is the land of pepper and tobacco leaves. The PH value of soil is 6.5-7.5. Slightly acidic land can also be planted.

Second, the cultivation time and method. Seedling raising in mid-April and transplanting in early May. Seedling raising method is the same as sweet potato. Use moist fine soil or fine sand, one layer of soil and one layer of konjac seeds. Keep the seedbed temperature at 15-25℃ and the relative humidity at 75%. After about 25 days, taro began to sprout and grow new roots, which can be transplanted into the ground. Before transplanting, deep ploughing and fine harrowing should be carried out in the field to make the living soil layer reach 26-33 cm. The width of the carriage is 3 meters, and the depth of the ditch is 20-25 cm (it is advisable to eliminate stagnant water). After the ground is cleared, the sowing ditch is opened horizontally. Planting in the border, sowing border width 16 cm. The depth and distance of sowing ditch should depend on taro planting. Generally, medium-sized taro (each weighing 250g) is selected. The dosage of seeds is 800-900 kg per 667 square meters, and the dosage of small taro seeds (each weighing less than 50 g) is 600 kg per 667 square meters. Before planting, base fertilizer should be applied again, mixed with potassium fertilizer, and organic fertilizer 1500 kg and potassium fertilizer 5 kg should be applied every 667 square meters. Don't contact the fertilizer with the seed taro. After planting, cover with 3.5-5 cm fine soil, and then apply nest fertilizer. Taro should be planted obliquely, in order to prevent drought and rain, so as to facilitate rapid germination and not damage the normal growth of rotten seeds and buds.

Third, the field management of konjac. First, topdressing, konjac needs a lot of fertilizer because of its long tuber. Top dressing should be done in time after emergence, and 4000 kilograms of human and animal fertilizer and 5-7.5 kilograms of urea or ammonium sulfate should be used for seedling raising every 667 square meters. Second, we should plough diligently (usually three times) and weed diligently to keep the soil loose. Don't damage the roots of konjac during intertillage, so as not to cause rotten seedlings. Each intertillage 1 time, that is, topdressing 1 time and intertillage 1 time. Apply 1 times thin fertilizer before and after the White Dew, and apply 3000 kg per 667 square meters, so as to enhance the aboveground growth, inhibit leaf senescence, postpone seedling stage, prolong photosynthesis time and promote bulb expansion. When the weather is dry, it is necessary to resist drought until the seedlings fall down. The third is to prevent diseases and insects, and July-August is the peak of the disease. If a diseased plant is found, pull it out in time and sprinkle some lime powder or sulfur powder around the diseased plant to prevent the spread of the disease. At the same time, spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 1000 times, spraying 1 times every/kloc-0 day for 2-3 consecutive times can achieve the control effect. The main pests are sweet potato moth, root maggot, nematode and old moth. Spraying 90% trichlorfon with 0.5 kg to 400 kg water can achieve the control effect.

Fourthly, the konjac is harvested. The whole growth period of Amorphophallus konjac is about 7 months. When the stems on the ground turn yellow and the seedlings fall, they can be harvested. The best harvest time is about 1 month after turning over the seedlings in June of 5438+0, because the underground tubers can continue to grow after turning over the seedlings 1 month. If there is not much rain, less frost and snow, and the weather gets warmer after transplanting, the harvesting time can be appropriately delayed to increase the yield. After the konjac is harvested, the good taro and the injured taro are spread and dried separately. After the water is completely dried, they are stacked and stored indoors or on the floor of moisture-proof materials such as linoleum, or processed and sold.