1. Broussonetia papyrifera silage fermentation method
1, non-fermented feed raw material formula: fermented Broussonetia papyrifera leaves 50%, corn 15%, soybean meal 4%, fish meal 1%, rice bran meal 20%, bran 6%, stone powder 1%, calcium hydrogen phosphate 1%.
The enzyme preparation is cellulase, and its activity is 5000IU.
The mixture contains the following trace elements per kilogram of feed: iron 100mg, copper 30mg, zinc 90mg, manganese 15mg, iodine 0.2mg and selenium 0.3mg, and no antibiotics are added in the premix.
2. A preparation method of fermentation-free feed, comprising the following steps:
(1). Feed raw materials such as Broussonetia papyrifera leaves, corn, soybean meal, fish meal, rice bran powder, bran and stone powder are respectively treated by a pulverizer, and the mesh of the pulverizer is1.5-3.0mm;
(2) mixing calcium hydrogen phosphate, salt, premix and enzyme preparation according to the formula ratio to form a mixture;
(3) fully and evenly mixing the crushed materials obtained in the first step and the second step with the above mixture according to the formula ratio to serve as a basic fermentation substrate;
(4) controlling the water content of the basic fermentation substrate obtained in step (3) to 55-65%, adding feed starter, and uniformly mixing and stirring;
(5) The inoculated fermented feed is packed into a fermented feed bag, compacted, vacuum sealed, cultured in a fermentation chamber for about 72 hours, sampled and tested, and the pH is reduced to below 4.4, and it has a strong sour taste, which is a qualified product.
Feed starter includes lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and yeast, and the addition amount of lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is 0.5-65438+/-0% of the dry weight of the non-fermented feed of the black pig, and the non-fermented feed products are added and used in the conventional feed of the black pig at different stages at a ratio of 50%.
Second, the main points of silage fermentation
1, sufficient carbon source and appropriate sugar content.
In order to ensure the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria and form enough lactic acid, silage raw materials must contain the minimum required sugar content. Generally speaking, the sugar content of silage raw materials should be at least 1%- 1.5% of fresh weight. Generally, corn flour, molasses or brown sugar will be added to supplement.
2, the water content is moderate
Silage raw materials contain a proper amount of water, which is an important condition to ensure the feed fermentation technology to play its role. Too high or too low water content will affect the fermentation process and the quality of silage. If the water content is too low, it is difficult to step on the silage, and there is more air in the cellar, and aerobic bacteria multiply in large numbers, which makes the silage moldy and rotten; Too much water is easy to compact and agglomerate, which is beneficial to the activity of butyric acid bacteria. At the same time, the juice of plant cells is squeezed and lost, resulting in the loss of nutrients.
3. Anaerobic environment
Anaerobic environment is one of the most basic links to ensure the success of silage. Residual air can be discharged by cutting the raw materials short, loading them quickly, compacting them (the more you get to the top floor, the more careful you are), sealing them tightly, and covering the plastic film with soil after capping. As long as the above requirements are met, the remaining oxygen in the equipment will soon be exhausted, the nutrients consumed by aerobic respiration of plant cells will be greatly reduced, and the heat generated in the fermentation stage will also be reduced, thus preventing the proliferation of lactic acid bacteria from being inhibited due to excessive heat production and encouraging the proliferation of other microorganisms, which is conducive to the success of silage.
The fermentation method of Broussonetia papyrifera is relatively simple, but the method of raw material composition is not necessarily, and it can be mixed as needed.