Tools, machines and equipment for raising and managing bees are called bee tools for short. Bee tools and many wooden bee tools can be made from local materials. But it must be manufactured according to standards and uniform specifications. There are many kinds of bee tools. Only beehives, nesting and some feeding management tools are introduced here, and other bee tools are described in combination with production-related content. (1) box bee
Movable frame beehive is an important production tool for scientific beekeeping. Using live beehives to keep bees, you can open the beehives, take out the nests and spleen to understand the situation of bees, observe the life activities of bees, and produce various bee products according to needs and possibilities, which is convenient for transfer and feeding.
Beehives are placed outdoors for a long time, exposed to rain and sunshine. Moreover, bees must move in the hive, keep bees and store feed. Therefore, the structure of beehives needs strong, light and non-deformable wood, and it should be fully dry. Korean pine, white pine, basswood and paulownia in the north and Chinese fir in the south. At present, the most commonly used beehives for raising European bees in China are 10 standard beehives and 16 horizontal beehives. The standard beehives of bees in China are used to raise bees in China.
1, 10 standard hive
10 standard beehive is the most widely used beehive for keeping European bees in the world. It consists of 10 nest frame, auxiliary cover (or sand cover), box cover and partition. When necessary, the trunk can be superimposed on the box (nest box). The trunk is common with the body of the living bottom hive. When the colony grows to 8- 10, overlapping relay boxes can expand the hive in time, give full play to the spawning ability of queen bees and cultivate strong bees. The partition can be used to store the breeding area of the nest box and the storage space of the relay box.
The separation of honey is beneficial to improve the quality of honey and accelerate the maturity of honey.
2 yuan 16 Frame Horizontal Honeycomb
16 horizontal beehive includes 16 horizontal beehive with standard nest frame. Beehives can be expanded horizontally by adding cards. It is also possible to divide the beehive into 2-3 areas by pressing plates, and feed in multiple groups in the same box.
3. Center standard beehive
Center standard beehive is a beehive specially designed for scientific breeding in the center.
The center standard beehive adopts shallow trunk with a height of 135 mm, which is mainly used for honey storage. There are several round holes on the door panel, about 4 mm in diameter, which can prevent western bees from getting in. When western bees are found stealing bees from the hive, the door under the honey is closed and the center can enter and exit from the round hole. See 4- 1 and table 4-2 for the inner circumference and frame dimensions of the three kinds of beehives.
4. Convenient hive transfer
The transfer beehive designed by Zhejiang Agricultural University is especially suitable for rotary feeding, and its structure is basically the same as the standard beehive in 10 framework. The concrete structure is as follows: (1) Install the nest-spleen quick fixer on the inner side of the front and rear box walls 60- 100 mm away from the frame groove; (2) The box boards at the lower parts of the two side walls of the box body extend forward from the front wall of the box body for 55 mm in length and 10mm in height, and the part of 10mm can be used as a corridor for bees to inhabit; ③ The bottom of the box is 120-220mm from the front edge, with a sliding plate, which can be opened and closed (Figure 4-5). (2) Nest foundation
Nest foundation is the foundation installed in the nest frame for bees to build nests and spleen. It is made of artificial bee chips and pressed by a nest foundation machine. It has a nest bottom and a nest wall foundation (Figure 4-6. ), Italian Honeycomb Foundation for keeping European bees, Drone Foundation for producing drones, and Central Nest Foundation for keeping China bees. The spleen built by the nest foundation is neat, flat and firm, with few drones. (3) Feeding management appliances
1, surface net
The face net is a tool to manage bees and protect the operator's head and neck from being stung (Figure 4-7)2.
2. Scraper
Special tools for beekeeping. One end is a curved blade and the other end is a flat blade (Figure 4-7). Use it to pry the auxiliary cover and scrape the dirty things in the hive.
3. Smoke sprayer
A tool for conquering or expelling bees. When in use, light paper, hay or linen, put it in the chimney, cover the mouth, and encourage the bellows to smoke (Figure 4-7), and be careful not to emit flame.
4, bee sweep
Mainly used for cleaning bees attached to the nest and spleen, it is a long flat brush.
5, bee shit
You can put management bees and notebooks and check bees while sitting (Figure 4-8).
6, every king board
It is a grid board that controls the queen bee's oviposition and activity range, and worker bees can freely pass through (Figure 4-9. ) The flat king partition separates the insect breeding nest from the honey storage box, which is convenient for taking honey and improving the quality of honey. The frame partition can control the queen bee to lay eggs on several spleens. (1) Feeding utensils
Feeding honey juice or syrup has many uses, and the commonly used ones are as follows:
1, bottle feeder
It consists of a jar and a base. There are many small holes nailed to the bottle cap. Put the bottle full of honey upside down on the base, so that the honey can flow out without dripping. At night, it can be inserted into the nest from the nest door for reward feeding, which can avoid causing bee theft. For weak groups who are not full, they can be fed outside the partition in the hive. The plastic cup feeder developed by the beekeeping farm of Hebei Agricultural University is easy to carry. After filling with syrup, cover the bottom cover, turn the bottom cover down and put it flat, and insert it into the nest from the nest.
2. Frame feeder
It is a long and flat trough (Figure 4- 10), similar in size to the standard nest frame. It is made of wood, plastic bamboo or thick bamboo. The device has a thin wooden float on which bees can stand when feeding. Frame feeder is suitable for supplementary feeding. In addition, rectangular shallow grooves are chiseled on the upper beam of the nest frame, which can also be used as a small amount of honey juice.
(1) Other tools and equipment
There are many wooden beehives, such as beehives and nest frames, which need frequent maintenance. So beekeepers should learn the basic operation techniques of carpentry and have a set of woodworking tools, such as saws, planers, hammers and screwdrivers.
Beehive (including beehive, relay box and frame), nest base, surface net, scraper, separator, feeder, etc. It is an essential beekeeping equipment, a tool for producing royal jelly, bee pollen or propolis, and a wax melting equipment. Can be added according to production needs. Chapter II Selection and Layout of Bee Farm
1. Choose a place with rich nectar sources, about 2.5 kilometers, where there are at least one or two plants with large nectar sources all year round, as well as a variety of auxiliary nectar sources and garden plants with staggered flowering periods.
Second, the lee is sunny, the terrain is Gao Qian, there is no water, and the microclimate is suitable.
3. In the northwest, choose courtyard walls or dense forests, or slopes facing south at the foot of the mountain or mountainside, with net barriers on the back, open terrain in front, abundant sunshine and sparse trees in the site.
Fourth, choose a nearby stream or a stream with constant running water all the year round, but there can be no reservoirs, lakes or rivers in front of the bee farm.
Fifth, choose a quiet place without the interference of livestock and other vibrations.
Sixth, don't choose factories, pastures and places hit by flash floods or in danger of landslides.
Seven, a bee farm to the bee colony is not more than 50, and the distance between bee farms should be 2000Km, so as to ensure that the bee colony has enough honey sources and reduce the spread of diseases.
Eight, weeding, leveling the land, cleaning it up, and then showing the bees.
Nine, the hive faces south, southeast and southwest, which is convenient for bees to go out early and return late and keep warm in the low humidity season.
10. Beehives made of bricks, stones and wooden frames. It is 20 ~ 30 cm high, flat from left to right, and 2 ~ 3 meters high at the back.
Eleven, when the number is small, single boxes or double boxes should be tied, and when the number is large, branches should be arranged, and each row of beehives should be staggered. Group spacing 1M, row spacing 2 ~ 3m. Better (as shown in figure 1). Bees in our area should be scattered or placed in groups of 2 ~ 3. The distance between groups or groups should be large, and mating groups and new groups should be reasonable. Chapter III Four Seasons Management of Bee Colonies
I. Spring management
(a) timely expand the hive, accelerate the growth of bee colonies.
(two) the bee farm is equipped with drinking fountains and disinfected regularly.
(3) Check the bees regularly (when the temperature is above 14℃ in sunny days), remove dead bees, wax residue, mildew and other dirt at the bottom of the box, and keep the bottom of the box clean.
(4) Keep intensive group officials, maintain vigorous group reproduction, and ensure the rapid expansion of spring reproduction.
(5) Prevention and control of mites. Use acaricide to kill mites continuously for 2 ~ 3 times, once every 2 days.
(6) Insulation inside and outside the box. 20-30 ㎝ thick hay is placed on the ground, and the hive is placed on the hay. The top cover is covered with a straw curtain, and the outer cover is covered with a straw curtain to keep the air in the box unobstructed. During the day, grass curtains and other coverings are lifted to facilitate bees' flight.
(7) Reward feeding. On the night of the adjustment of the bee colony, reward feeding can be carried out and dilute syrup can be fed. Each group was fed 100 ~ 200 g of grain slurry every day, and fed less or stopped when there was honey source. Reward feed must be disinfected or confirmed as virus-free feed. (8) The heat preservation inside the box is released with the expansion of the nest group, and the heat preservation outside the box is released after the temperature of the bees is stable (first, the top is released, then the periphery is released, and finally the bottom of the box is released).
(9) Feed water to the beehive door every day in cold and rainy days, and add powder spleen to the beehive.
Second, the management of summer
(1) Replace the queen bee. During April-June, the whole bee colony was replaced by the queen bee of that year.
(two) regular comprehensive inspection, destruction of natural platforms, strengthen ventilation, to prevent natural bees.
(3) Take measures such as shading and watering to create suitable temperature and temperature for the production and reproduction of bees.
(4) feed water on the nest. In sunny and hot weather, cover the top of the box with clean water and warm cloth at noon.
(5) Prevent bee theft, wasps and toads, and prevent tail curl disease.
Third, autumn management
Beekeepers take one year as the beginning of beekeeping, and the focus of autumn management is to prepare for the overwintering of bees and the series of early spring next year. It is necessary to prevent the occurrence of serious mites in July, August and September.
(a) timely training and replacement of queen bees, before replacement, the queen bees must be identified once and replaced in batches. It is still the key technical measures to take appropriate measures to promote bee colony reproduction, cultivate suitable overwintering bees and keep adequate feed in the nest. At the same time, measures such as changing the whole nest and controlling mites in different nests should be taken to breed overwintering bees in the basic organization of multi-king colony, so that they can have excess feeding ability in the following boxes.
(2) Aborting offspring in time to prevent bee mites. The first step, in August-September, combined with the autumn feeding of queen bees, when organizing mating groups, it is planned to cover the spleen of offspring, so that the original population has no spleen, and the original population is treated with drugs first. After the offspring spleen of the new group (mating group) leaves the house, the queen bee successfully mates, and the laid eggs hatch into larvae, the new group is treated. The second step is to take medication in the early stage of spontaneous abortion (different in different places) from 9 to11month. Treatment should be thorough. It should be noted that the bees should be fed before taking the medicine, and at least one egg and spleen should be left in the bee colony when the seeds are artificially broken. (3) The stored wintering feed and wintering drink shall not contain nectar.
(four) pay attention to prevent pesticide poisoning.
Fourth, winter management
(1) Before winter comes, we should choose a good place outside our roommates for the winter, which should be clean, sunny, dry and quiet. Prepare wintering insulation materials, with 20-30 groups as a group, or with 2 groups and 5-6 groups as a group, surround the left and right sides and the back of the beehive with grass curtains, and pad the bottom of the beehive with hay about 15㎝. (2) In the early stage of wintering, the population potential should be adjusted, the population should be appropriately reduced, the spleen should be tightened, enough wintering feed should be left, and wintering beehives should be arranged.
(3) It is not advisable to open the box for inspection during the wintering period, and strengthen the observation outside the box, adjust the beehive door, strengthen the heat preservation of the beehive, strengthen the management of the strong bee colony and the double queen bee colony, and improve the disease resistance of the bee colony.
(4) Pay attention to feed supplement to prevent bees from dysentery at the end of winter, and choose sunny and warm weather for bees to excrete and fly.
(5) During the wintering period, when supplementing feed, sterile drinks or feed without carrier diseases should be used.
Chapter IV Hygiene and Disinfection of Bee Farm and Bee Industry Machinery
A, disinfectant
A disinfectant which is safe for people and bees, has no residual toxicity, does not damage equipment and does not produce toxic accumulation in bee products.
Second, the sanitation and disinfection of the bee farm environment
(a) clean up dead bees and weeds once a week, and the cleaned dead bees should be buried in time.
(2) The bee farm is disinfected by spraying 5% bleaching powder emulsion once every quarter.
Three. Hygienic disinfection of beekeeping machines and tools
(1) Before use, it can be cleaned and disinfected with 0.2% peracetic acid or 0. 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution.
(2) Scraper and honey cutter
Often use alcohol blowtorch flame burning disinfection or 75% alcohol scrubbing disinfection.
(3) bee broom and work clothes
Often washed with 4% sodium carbonate solution and exposed to the sun.
(4) Disinfection and preservation of nest spleen
1. Disinfection of nested spleen
Choose one of 0. 1% sodium hypochlorite, 0.2% peracetic acid or 0. 1% bromogeramine aqueous solution to disinfect the nest spleen for more than 12 hours, and rinse the disinfected nest spleen with water to dryness. 2. Preservation of Nested Spleen
Before storage, use 96%-98% glacial acetic acid, 20ml-30ml per box, to prevent the damage of wax moth to nest and spleen. The warehouse for storing the nest and spleen should be clean, hygienic, cool and dry to avoid the nest and spleen from becoming moldy. Chapter V Prevention and Control of Bee Pests
First, the classification of bee diseases
Bee diseases are divided into infectious diseases and non-infectious diseases.
(1) Infectious diseases include viral diseases (cystic larval disease, paralysis), bacterial diseases (African larval rot, paratyphoid fever, septicemia), fungal diseases (white disease, Aspergillus flavus), protozoan diseases (sporidiosis, allergy) and parasitic diseases (bee mites, etc. ). Non-communicable diseases refer to diseases caused by adverse environmental factors, such as trichinosis and pesticide poisoning.
(2) the principle of bee disease prevention and control
1, citing disease-resistant bee species, keeping strong bee colonies all year round, keeping bees and bee machines clean and hygienic, improving the disease-resistant ability of bees, and reducing and preventing the occurrence of bee diseases.
2. Pay attention to the disinfection and sterilization of bee colonies and bee machines to kill and reduce the spread of diseases.
3, it is strictly prohibited to use oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfanilamide, metronidazole and other countries banned antibiotics and toxic drugs.
4, advocate comprehensive disease prevention, Chinese herbal medicine treatment, so that the right medicine, sub-regional medication. If medication is really necessary, it must be strictly implemented in accordance with ny5 138-2002.
Second, the enemy of bees.
Bee enemies refer to the direct predators or harassers of bees. Mainly insects, wasps. Three, the prevention and control methods of common bee enemies (see table)
Common bee diseases and control methods of natural enemies
disease
Name main symptom preventive measures, drug treatment and dose withdrawal period
Bee cystic larva disease
The diseased larvae have drooping heads, flat bodies, loss of elasticity and brown body color. The appearance of the corpse gradually became solid, and when it was stirred with an oar, it formed a "capsule". Finally, the larvae gradually dried up and formed a hard shell shaped like a "dragon boat".
Cultivate disease-resistant varieties, strengthen feeding management and cultivate strong bees.
Feeding: Add 2g amantadine hydrochloride powder (13%) to 50% sugar water, 250ml for each group, three times a day, and take it for six times. Or use some Chinese herbal medicines with the function of clearing away heat and toxic materials.
Stop using honey during harvest.
Paralyzed bees are numb, slow-moving and constantly vibrating. They are often chased by healthy bees to prevent bees from getting wet and stealing bees. Replace the queen bee and pay attention to feed exchange to spread pathogens.
Feeding: add 4% to 50% sugar water per liter) 1 2g o-phthalamide powder (4%), 250ml in each group,1time, once every other day, for a total of 5 times, and stop using it when collecting honey.
The lid of American larval rot is damp and the spleen is sunken. The larval carcasses selected from empty houses are brown to brown and have a sticky smell.
Implement bee quarantine, pay attention to feed hygiene, and thoroughly fumigate beehives and nests with formalin.
Feeding: according to the dosage of each group of 200mg oxytetracycline hydrochloride soluble foundation, add appropriate amount of 50% sugar water, 1 time, once every 4-5 days, for 3 days. Stop using it 6 days before mining.
The injured bee has swollen abdomen, dark body and slow movement. In severe cases, dead bees are everywhere at the bottom of the box and at the door of the nest, and the excrement of sick bees gives off an unpleasant smell.
Pay attention to the ventilation of the site to the sun to promote the excretion and flight of bees.
Feeding: according to the dosage of each group of 200mg oxytetracycline hydrochloride soluble foundation, add appropriate amount of 50% sugar water, 1 time, once every 4-5 days, for 3 days. Stop using it 6 days before mining.
The young bees of the bee mite are stunted, unable to fly, and the larvae and pupae die, so the population potential decreases. Strengthen feeding management and use bee colony for preventive treatment.
Cyfluthrin strips are hung in the bee colony, with 2 strips in each bee colony, and 3 weeks is a course of treatment. Common bee diseases and control methods of natural enemies in density collection period (continued)
The larvae blocked by chalk disease died, and the dead larvae were pale at first, and gradually turned from gray to black. When the larvae dry up, they become loose chalk with white hyphae on the surface.
Strengthen the fumigation and disinfection of beehives and nests, and pay attention to the disinfection and hygiene of feed.
In the diseased group, all the diseased and moldy spleens were replaced and fumigated with sulfur for 4 hours, and the dosage of sulfur was calculated as 3-5g per 10 spleen. At the same time, the bees were fed 50% sugar water, 200mg nystatin per liter, every 3 days 1 time, 5 times in a row.
Stop using during mining.
Young bees suffering from wing curl disease just left the house, their wings curled or folded, and fell to the ground and died when they left the nest for flight test. Pay attention to cooling and adjust the temperature and humidity in the hive. Adopt supplementary feeding. No need to feed the medicine.
In late summer and early autumn, a large number of wasps circled over the bee farm to intercept or catch bees for artificial killing: artificial flapping with fly swatter.
Attraction and poisoning: The wasps and larvae in the whole nest can be killed by using arsenate sugar solution (the concentration of sugar solution is below 15%) and putting it on a plate to attract wasps to absorb it. Chapter VI Key Technologies of China bee breeding
First of all, talk about the main differences between China and Italian bees and their management.
There are many differences between China bees and Italian bees. Understanding and mastering these differences is of great benefit to adopting different feeding management methods. The main differences are summarized as follows:
Bees in China don't pick gum; Italian bees collect glue, which is sticky. Beekeepers often use a scraper to help them collect it, which is time-consuming and laborious.
When the Chinese bee leaves the nest, its abdomen is fan-shaped inward and outward; Italian bees, on the other hand, put their heads inside out and pump out air. In this way, during the honey flow period, the honey water of Chinese bees condenses into boxes, and the humidity inside the hive is very high, and the hot air outside the hive bulges inward, making the bees vulnerable to sultry heat.
In the collection, China bees leave early and return late than Italian bees, and the whole day collection time is longer than Italian bees 1 ~ 2 hours; The sense of smell of Chinese bees is much more sensitive than that of Italian bees, and the use of sporadic honey sources is also stronger than that of Italian bees, so in the case of poor external honey sources, the viability is stronger than that of Italian bees, and the feed is saved than that of Italian bees; However, the amount of nectar and pollen collected by China bees is not as good as that of Italian bees. Compared with Italian bees, China bees are more hardy, can use low-temperature honey sources, and are more suitable for collecting honey in winter. China bees are more invisible than Italian bees, so when the external honey flow is not good, even during the honey flow period, we should pay attention to theft prevention. If the management is not good, it will also cause bees to be stolen.
In terms of disease resistance and enemy damage, Chinese bees have strong anti-mite ability, and large and small bee mites are less harmful to Chinese bees; Chinese bees fly fast and can escape the attack of wasps; However, Chinese bees are prone to nest insects, so it is necessary to keep the hive and bee farm clean regularly in management. When installing the nest foundation, it is generally not necessary to slot the beam on the nest frame to avoid the nest insects lurking inside and endangering the bee colony. The ability of Chinese bee to resist larval disease is also poor.
China bees have larger eggs, while Italian bees have smaller eggs. The queen bee lays fewer eggs, about 1000 every day, and there are more than 2000 Italian bees, so the reproduction speed of Chinese bees is slower than that of Italian bees, and the population potential is weaker than that of Italian bees; The oviposition of Chinese bees is positively correlated with the external honey powder source, while that of Italian bees is negatively correlated with the temperature, so Chinese bees will not starve to death, and Italian bees are often short of feed; The reproductive cycle of Chinese bee type ⅲ is shorter than that of Italian bee. Bees in China like to bite old nests and create new ones, so China bees change their nests every year, while Italian bees generally don't bite old nests.
Chinese bees are easy to fly away, which are mainly caused by lack of honey, destruction of nest insects, aging of nest spleen, diseases, pesticide poisoning and excessive external interference. Italian bees generally starve to death and do not fly away. Chinese bees have strong bee differentiation and obvious seasonality. Chinese bees have strong defense ability during the day and weak defense ability at night; China bees can cross the box under the red light indoors.
Chinese bees lose their king, and worker bees are easy to lay eggs, so corresponding measures should be taken as soon as possible to prevent worker bees from laying eggs. Chinese bees must control the time when there is no king in the group when organizing mating groups.
Bees in China tend to be concentrated, so bee farms should be scattered, not concentrated like Italian bees.
Chinese bees are easy to leave the spleen, so it is not suitable for long-distance transportation to check Chinese bees quickly and with fewer times. Move quickly when passing through the box to prevent bees from getting spleen.
The roof of the UAV house is hat-shaped, and there is a small vent hole on the roof.
Second, talk about the solutions to several common problems in Chinese bee breeding.
1, how to prevent bees from flying away?
Bees in China have a strong fetish, especially those that are uncovered. So it is the secret that bees don't fly away that there are healthy uncovered seeds in their bodies. Newly-picked bees should replenish spleen, newly-grouped queen bees should replenish spleen after leaving the house, and the old queen bees put forward by artificial grouping should have spleen. In short, as long as there are healthy eggs in the nest, bees will not fly away. 2. How do bees divide?
Although there are many methods of artificial bee sorting, the author thinks that the method of "in-situ bee sorting" is better. Practice: Empty the 1 hive on the grouping side and hang the grouped queen bee with spleen into the empty hive. The number of beehives to be lifted is determined by the wishes of beekeepers, but at least 1 uncovered spleen should be lifted; Move the original box to the other side by the distance of one box, and choose 1 better platform. There is no king group. If there is no queen bee platform in the bee colony, 1 spare queen bee platform can be vertically inserted between two frame beams, and then the two beehives are rotated 45 degrees in opposite directions, so that the bee paths of the two boxes form a 90-degree angle. Tian Feng came back, circled around the original box position several times, and entered two boxes respectively. On the third day, open the box to see if the queen bee without the queen bee colony is out of the house, and if there is an urgent need to build a queen bee platform, if so, remove it; Whether Lao Wang's sense of bee separation has been lifted, if he still wants to increase the number of bees until it is lifted, he will imitate the above method after the new Wangtai is sealed. If you don't want to separate bees, you can swap the strong and weak groups, remove the spleen of the cover and add the spleen of the eggs to remove the "bee fever". 3. How to join the group
There are many ways to merge bees. After years of practice, I think it is better to combine it directly with "perfume" or "wind oil essence": simple and safe.
Practice: Unpack the bees to be merged, remove a corner of the cover, sprinkle a few drops of perfume or essential balm outside the partition, quickly cover the cover and the box cover, and keep silent for 5 ~ 10 minutes, then lift the nest spleen of the queen bee group and put it into the queen bee group. The best time is after dark. 4. Unpacking inspection of bees
You can't ignore bees for a long time, and you can't blindly open the box for inspection. Every time we open the box, we should have a clear purpose, mainly based on the problems found in the last inspection. It is not enough to just remember the internal situation of the bee colony, especially in the period of many bees and great changes. The simple and easy method is to record the observed situation on the beehive with chalk: the inspection time, the status of the king's platform, the estimated time of the new king's leaving the house, and the spawning time are all recorded items. According to the last record, we can determine the time of the next inspection and the problems to be solved. 5. Using cement nest foundation machine can also make nest foundation conveniently.
The nest foundation used by the author for many years is basically made by cement nest foundation machine. I want to talk about my own experience for the reference of interested readers.
First of all, the machine is good. Manufacturing machines and tools must have a good foundation, high cement grade, clean exhaust, no air holes and sufficient cement curing period. Secondly, skills should be skilled. The formation of skilled skills needs to be done and summarized. I think there are three main points: first, the two-page foundation machine with concentrated soap solution should be comprehensive and thoughtful; Second, the wax temperature should be appropriate and high, and the foundation of the nest made is too thin to get off the plane. If it is low, the bottom of the nest is too thick and the holes are blurred; Third, the time to take the foundation should not be too early, and it should be taken after the foundation is cooled to a certain toughness. In order not to affect the production speed, three nesting machines are used in turn, and it is best for two people to operate.
The beeswax at the bottom of the nest should be pure and free of impurities.
As long as the above conditions are met, the nest foundation with moderate thickness and clear holes in the room can be easily made with cement nest foundation machine.
Third, observe and prevent the habits of Chinese bees to divide bees.
Bee in Changbai Mountain is a precious bee species in China. Because it has been in the wild and semi-wild state for a long time, it has maintained a strong ability to divide bees. This ability is conducive to the preservation and continuation of the species of wild Chinese bees, but it is not conducive to the management of artificial breeding and high yield. 1, natural bee distribution
Preparation period before bee sorting: the weather is sunny and warm, and the honey powder is sufficient. Bees reproduce quickly. When the number of bees reaches 6-7, there will be a drone room in the bees. Most drone rooms are built on the lower edge of the spleen. The queen bee laid the drone eggs on the lower edge of the spleen, and the worker bees began to build a queen bee platform on the lower edge of the spleen. Then the queen bee lays eggs on the queen bee platform, and the worker bees begin to feed until the queen bee platform matures. At this time, the number of eggs laid by the queen bee dropped sharply, and the abdomen shrank, followed by a sharp drop in the attendance rate of worker bees, or few people came to collect them. At this time, if you open the hive, you will find that many worker bees gather on the side spleen and the upper frame beam, and some worker bees are connected with each other.
Occurrence of bee-splitting: The natural bee-splitting in Zhangzishan of Lepidoptera mostly occurs from mid-May to mid-June. After Wangtai blocking 1 ~ 2 days, it usually occurs from 9: 00 am to 2: 00 pm in sunny and warm weather. At first, several bees flew away from the hive and circled over the bee farm. Soon, the queen bee swarmed out with a large number of bees, and countless flight lines immediately appeared in the sky, making a huge "buzzing" sound. After a few minutes, the bees will gather in a colony on the branches or other places near the bee farm and stay for a period of time. At this time, the bee colony can be recovered by collecting tools and prepared beehives, and the necessary treatment can be carried out. If the colony is not restored in time. When reconnaissance bees find a new home, they will break up for the second time, hover over the bee farm and fly to the new home. The others are divided into groups. Don't stay near the bee farm, hover over the bee farm twice and fly directly to the new house.
According to the feeding management and observation statistics, each primitive colony of barrel bees can generally be divided into 2 ~ 5 groups, and a few are divided into 7 groups. Some populations can separate two new populations at the same time, and some new populations will have a second bee division about 40 days after separation. According to statistics, in general, there is an arithmetic relationship between the number of queen platforms in barrel culture (set as m) and the folding number of natural spleen (set as n), that is, m = n-2 (n > 2) Each natural spleen has only one platform, and it is at the tip of the natural spleen. 2. Reasons for the separation of natural bees.
Internal factors:
(1) The space of beehives is narrow, and the expansion of worker bees to beehives is limited by the volume of beehives (wooden barrels, beehives, natural caves, etc.). ). The queen bee has no empty nest to lay eggs, which hinders the development of the hive.
(2) After the first generation lays eggs, with the development of the bee colony, the ability of the queen bee to lay eggs decreases, and a large number of young bees accumulate in the nest, resulting in a surplus of nursing bees. Many idle nursing bees have nothing to do, so they brew bees. (3) Heredity: The queen bee of China accepted the heredity of small colony bees from generation to generation, thus laying a foundation for inheriting the habits of small colony bees.
External conditions:
The climate is warm, and honey powder sources can meet the needs of bee colonies to breed insects. Bee colony divides bees for the development and continuation of race.