How to manage technological innovation (1) is to establish a people-oriented management concept.
On the premise of respecting, caring and facilitating employees, we should change management into service, implement management in service, and realize the combination of institutional governance and people-oriented management. Our factory holds 20 12 shares in Yongmei? Double creation? After the work promotion meeting, convene a meeting in time to mobilize and deploy, formulate the implementation plan of management innovation, and clarify the responsible person, completion time limit and target requirements to ensure that? Double creation? The smooth development of the work laid the foundation. Judging from the situation throughout the year, all seven workshops in our factory can understand the spirit, be familiar with the plan, and conscientiously implement it in combination with the actual work. This shows that all units are well organized and deployed, and innovative ideas have gradually been recognized, understood and accepted by cadres and workers.
(2) establish? No innovation, no progress? The management concept of.
Strict management standards and strict work discipline. In 20 12, our factory issued management innovation assessment indicators to all units to decompose and implement management innovation work. All units actively expanded their horizons and ideas, and collected 56 management innovations throughout the year, covering management, production, safety, corporate culture and other fields. Through inspection, all grass-roots units can conscientiously implement the submitted management innovation projects and make matching tables for innovative projects. Raw coal workshop? Scrap iron wire recycling management project? Divided into teams and groups, the coal washing workshop implemented innovative projects to individuals, supplemented by corresponding incentive and restraint systems, and the framework of target management system was initially formed, which laid the foundation for completing the annual target.
(3) Establish a whole-process, all-round and all-weather management concept.
There are no omissions, blind spots and gaps in management. All units under the factory have made bold thinking and solid progress around the management innovation work, and achieved remarkable results. The security inspection department adopts the template management of internal data, uniformly formulates the template forms that can be made by the whole factory, and standardizes the filling contents; The enterprise management department established the ten-day report system, which changed the cost management of our factory from passive to active; The Ministry of Political Affairs has updated the gold medal staff selection system from the previous comprehensive gold medal staff selection to innovation gold medal, safety gold medal, corporate culture gold medal and five small activities gold medal, which is more helpful to enhance the post value of our employees.
(4) Establish a refined management concept.
Standards should be refined, assessment should be quantified, and responsibilities should be materialized. According to the requirements of the innovation plan, all units revolve around? Double creation? Self-examination and self-correction were carried out in work and other aspects, and managers were mobilized to find problems and make suggestions, and a special report was formed, which played a positive role in improving management. 20 12 the production technology department and enterprise management department of the factory conduct quarterly? There is a system, supervision, inspection, appraisal and assessment? what's up Five? Innovative work inspection activities. According to the assessment, the units with good innovation work are commended, and the units with low ranking are punished, which has achieved very good results.
How to manage technological innovation 2. 1 closely focus on the needs of the country and fully rely on the coordination and promotion of the government.
It is the key to the construction of technological innovation system of central enterprises. The construction of technological innovation system of central enterprises must conform to the national strategy, serve and obey the national strategic needs. Moreover, only by standing at the height of the development of the country and the nation, closely focusing on the development needs of the country, and insisting on innovation-driven development as the driving force of the company's development, can central enterprises have a broader vision, grasp more comprehensive information, form a more correct judgment, formulate a more reasonable strategy and plan for scientific and technological innovation, gather more innovative forces and resources, gain greater innovation value, and build a scientific and technological innovation system more suitable for their own development. A number of central enterprises, such as Aerospace Science and Technology, China Petroleum, China Mobile, etc. Focusing on the major needs of the country and closely combining with the development needs of the company, we will continuously upgrade and improve the core technologies of the main business, continuously carry out forward-looking basic research, and gradually establish and improve the technological innovation system. The government plays an important role in guiding and promoting the technological innovation system of central enterprises. Especially in the aspects of industrial development policy formulation, market environment cultivation, government procurement, assessment of enterprise leaders and ecological environment protection, as well as in the implementation of major national engineering projects, major technology introduction, company technology merger and acquisition, establishment of R&D institutions, introduction of high-level talents, etc., this cannot be separated from the support and cooperation of the government. The successful practice of many major innovations of central enterprises, such as Chang 'e in the sky, Xiaolong at sea, West-East gas transmission project, high-speed rail and other projects, shows that major technological innovations of central enterprises should give full play to the institutional advantages of concentrating their efforts on major events.
2.2 adhere to the strategic goal orientation.
Driven by the main business, strengthening the top-level design and ensuring the investment of funds and talents are the core of the construction of the technological innovation system of central enterprises. Technological innovation is a high-risk strategic investment behavior. Central enterprises should proceed from their own mission, adhere to the main business drive, study and formulate the company's scientific and technological development plan, open up the scientific and technological innovation chain, and plan, design and build a scientific and technological innovation system suitable for their own development from the strategic level of the company. Facts have proved that many central enterprises that insist on strategic traction, do a good job in top-level design and strengthen the construction of technological innovation system have achieved remarkable results, enhanced their technological innovation capabilities and achieved leap-forward development. Their innovation system is not only clear in direction and thinking, but also suitable for the company's reality, ensuring that scientific and technological work closely focuses on the company's industrial development and business needs, and can better exchange information, allocate resources and transform scientific and technological achievements. The construction of technological innovation system of central enterprises is a complex systematic project, which needs long-term and sustained resource guarantee. The leading bodies of central enterprises should always attach great importance to the construction of the company's technological innovation system, do a good job in ensuring funds, talents and systems, enhance technical reserves, and constantly cultivate an innovative cultural atmosphere to ensure the smooth development of the technological innovation system construction. From the practice of technological innovation of central enterprises for many years, it is the fundamental guarantee to establish and improve the technological innovation system of central enterprises that leaders attach importance to it, organize it efficiently and continuously, and have world-class leading figures and high-quality scientific research backbone teams.
2.3 Relying on major engineering projects, the integrated operation mode of R&D, design, manufacturing and production is adopted.
It is a powerful starting point to improve the level of technological innovation system construction of central enterprises. Two skins? The close integration of Industry-University-Research and China has always been a long-standing problem that restricts the operational efficiency of the technological innovation system of central enterprises. In recent years, central enterprises have taken the lead in organizing major national engineering projects, adopted the management mode of collaborative innovation and integrated innovation in the process of overcoming technical bottlenecks and solving technical problems, opened up the innovation chain, and integrated the utilization of internal and external innovation resources, which not only broke through key core technologies, effectively solved the problems of disjointed scientific research and production and slow transformation of scientific and technological achievements, but also strengthened the leading role of enterprises in innovation and enhanced their independent innovation ability. At present, major engineering projects have become an important carrier of technological innovation of central enterprises. At the same time, some central enterprises have innovated the organization mode of scientific research projects with reference to the organization mode of major engineering projects. Using basic research? Technology development? Popularize and apply the major special mode of science and technology integration, break the administrative barriers of departments, realize the organic combination of innovation chain and value chain, and accelerate the transformation of scientific research results; At the same time, the internal market mechanism of technological achievements has been established, which has realized the benefits and risks of scientific research achievements, mobilized the enthusiasm of scientific researchers to transform scientific and technological achievements, reduced technological risks, and effectively improved the operating efficiency and construction level of the technological innovation system of central enterprises.
2.4 Based on comprehensively improving the ability of independent innovation.
Vigorously developing original innovation, deepening the introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation, and actively promoting integrated innovation are important ways to improve the technological innovation system of central enterprises. Years' practice shows that it is the value and significance of the construction of technological innovation system of central enterprises to insist on introducing, digesting and absorbing, relying on their own ability to organize and carry out original innovation, strengthen integrated innovation, continuously enhance their independent innovation ability and take the road of independent development. Especially under the background of increasingly internationalized economy and fierce international competition, China's technological development has begun to shift from following imitation to catching up with the leading stage, relying on advanced countries to transfer industrial technology? Goose pattern? The traditional technology introduction method has little effect. Some multinational companies are unwilling to transfer advanced technology, and there is no technology we want to transfer. Therefore, in the process of technological innovation system construction, central enterprises must correctly handle the relationship between original innovation and integrated innovation, introduce digestion and absorption, innovate again, and highlight? Give priority to me? We will introduce digestion, absorption and innovation, integrate and utilize various innovative elements, enhance our independent development capability, break through key core technologies, master a number of killer weapons, and strive to occupy the commanding heights of future scientific and technological development. China Petroleum's seismic data processing technology, China Petrochemical's MTO technology, China Railway Construction's shield technology, State Grid's UHV technology, and the third and fourth generation mobile communication technologies such as Datang Mobile and China Mobile are all successful cases in this respect.
How to manage technological innovation 1. 1 take technological innovation as the core strategy of the company and establish a relatively perfect and effective decision-making and planning system. First, take technological innovation as one of the company's core strategies.
By country? Independent innovation, key leapfrogging, supporting development and leading the future? Science and technology work policy and? Innovation drives development? Strategy, combining with the actual situation of the company, with the improvement of independent innovation ability and driving force of industrial development as the core, formulate the company's scientific and technological development strategy, objectives, tasks and strategic priorities, determine the annual plan, and follow the? Exploring a generation? Pre-research generation? Cultivate a generation? Production and application generation? Train of thought, formulate an orderly scientific research planning system. The second is to establish a scientific and technological decision-making planning and management system. A Science and Technology Committee led by the main leaders and attended by the heads of various business departments was established to take charge of the company's major scientific and technological innovation strategic decisions. At the same time, in order to implement the company's scientific and technological strategic planning and standardize scientific and technological management, most central enterprises have set up relevant departments to exercise scientific and technological management functions, which are responsible for the company's scientific research project management, scientific and technological planning, scientific and technological platform construction, scientific and technological achievements management, scientific and technological awards, assessment, supervision and guidance of subordinate units' scientific and technological management, and foreign scientific and technological exchanges. At the level of subsidiaries, corresponding departments shall be set up according to specific conditions, with full-time science and technology managers, responsible for organizing science and technology planning and project proposal planning, organizing the implementation of science and technology projects and the popularization and application of new technologies, and conducting technical demand analysis. The third is to set up an expert consulting team to assist scientific and technological decision-making. Some central enterprises have set up special technical advisory committees composed of internal and external experts to investigate and study major issues and put forward consulting opinions and suggestions. On the basis of technical advisory committees, some central enterprises also set up professional sub-committees according to fields to provide advice for the company's technical decisions and support the company's scientific and technological decisions. Taking aerospace science and technology as an example, the company has established a top-level strategic-oriented technological innovation decision-making mechanism (Figure 1). Who founded this company? Number one? Responsible for the leading group and work office of development strategy and planning, and responsible for organizing, coordinating and making decisions on major issues in the preparation and implementation of strategy and planning. Technological innovation management followed? Project demonstration? Reply? Task assignment? Key node control? Coordinate regular meetings? Monthly briefing (quarterly briefing)? Annual work summary? Final review? Management mode of. The headquarters is responsible for the technological innovation decision-making and overall planning of the whole group, leading the demonstration and project establishment of major projects and determining the capital investment of major projects. Secondary units such as subordinate institutes, bureaus, bases and directly affiliated units are responsible for implementing the relevant decisions of the Group's scientific and technological innovation work; Put forward technical innovation projects according to the needs of the development of the unit, and organize research and development activities by itself after approval by the group.
1.2 establish a multi-level and multi-disciplinary scientific research organization system with the research institutes directly under the headquarters (or academia sinica) as the core.
The research institute directly under the group headquarters is mainly responsible for the research and development of applied basic, advanced and major key technologies, reserving the theories and technologies of independent intellectual property rights, and enhancing the company's core competitiveness and leading development capabilities. Some central enterprises have set up Academia Sinica with a wider scope of responsibilities, which not only undertakes the responsibilities of scientific research institutes directly under the headquarters, but also takes charge of the company's technical strategic analysis and scientific and technological management. The second is to set up R&D institutions of specialized branches or subordinate enterprises. R&D institutions established by central enterprises in subordinate enterprises or professional branches are mainly responsible for the research and development of characteristic technologies, the application and promotion of new technologies, the support of production technologies, and the solution of technical problems in production activities. China Petroleum was founded? One whole, two levels? The organizational system of technological innovation is typical. Research institutes directly under China Petroleum Headquarters and enterprise research institutions have their own emphasis and division of labor. Headquarters-level research institutions, including directly affiliated research institutes and professional technology research centers, are mainly engaged in the research and development of applied foundations, major basic theories, advanced and major key technologies (equipment). Subordinate enterprise-level scientific research institutions, including regional company research institutes and characteristic technology centers, are mainly engaged in characteristic technology research, new product development, production technology research, technology integration application and related scientific and technological work supporting daily production according to their own characteristics.
1.3 Maintain a high level of R&D investment and form a strong conditional platform support system and standard management system.
Raise funds through performance appraisal, incentive policies, special funds and various channels to maintain the steady growth of investment in science and technology. Some central enterprises have also established a consultation and coordination system for planning, finance, budget, science and technology, auditing and other departments, strengthened the overall management of science and technology investment, improved the supervision and management of science and technology funds and the performance evaluation system, improved the efficiency of the use of funds, and effectively used funds? Blade? Let's go The second is to build a platform for basic conditions. Key laboratories, experimental bases, national key laboratories and research centers have been established in order to improve the hardware conditions of scientific research and invest funds to update experimental equipment and devices. Some central enterprises have also concentrated scientific research resources and established enterprise science parks. After years of investment and construction, the novelty coefficient of instruments and equipment in the basic condition platform of central enterprises has been greatly improved as a whole, and the experimental testing ability has been greatly improved. The third is to form a standardized management system. In order to strengthen the unified and centralized management and control of the company's technical standards and form a technical standards system, relevant institutions responsible for strategic planning and technical standards management are set up at the group headquarters level; Formulate standard management methods and processes, standardize the company's technical standard management, and improve the quality of standard preparation; Taking standard setting and international standardization as the evaluation indexes of the company's scientific and technological innovation work and the operating performance of research institutions; By actively participating in the formulation of domestic and foreign industry technical standards, occupying the leading position of domestic and foreign technical standards institutions, actively connecting with international standards, building an international technical cooperation platform and other strategies and measures, we will vigorously enhance the company's right to speak on technical standards and promote the internationalization process of technical standards. Take China Mobile as an example. Since 20 10, the growth rate of science and technology investment has been greater than 10%. In 20 12 years, the total investment in science and technology of enterprises reached1578.7 billion yuan. In the construction of scientific and technological platform, China Mobile Information Technology Laboratory has been in the forefront of similar communication laboratories at home and abroad in terms of scale and advancement. It has two international organizations' global testing and certification bases, two national engineering (key) laboratories (centers), seven testing and certification laboratories, six basic research laboratories and four open testing centers. At the same time, China Mobile has established a centralized standard management system (Figure 2), occupying the commanding heights of international games. The specific contents include: first, under the framework of centralized system, realize the unified formulation of the company's standard work strategy and standard plan, and the unified evaluation and management of enterprise standards and international standards manuscripts; Second, pay close attention to the implementation of enterprise standards in network planning, feasibility study, design and equipment procurement to ensure the integrity and consistency of China Mobile's entire network, reduce construction costs and improve operation quality; Third, a long-term working mechanism of international standards with clear objectives, careful planning, perfect organization and rigorous evaluation has been formed, and the right to speak on international standards has been significantly improved.
1.4 Make full use of external resources, carry out extensive cooperative construction and form an effective collaborative innovation system. First, carry out joint research and development.
In order to reduce the uncertainty of R&D, shorten the R&D cycle and make extensive use of external scientific and technological resources, the central enterprises, starting from their own needs and scientific and technological resources, take cooperative projects as a link to carry out cooperative research with outstanding universities, scientific research institutions and external enterprises at home and abroad. Generally, this kind of joint R&D will set a clear cooperation goal and time limit, and formulate rules such as cooperation R&D, achievement distribution and risk taking. The forms of cooperation include funds, talents and technological achievements. The second is to build a scientific research platform. In order to improve the company's R&D level, attract and utilize external scientific research resources, and cultivate the company's scientific research talents, some central enterprises choose to establish joint R&D platforms with universities, research institutes and enterprises at home and abroad, including joint R&D centers and joint laboratories, and engage in R&D of key technologies related to the industry for a long time, forming a long-term cooperation mechanism with complementary advantages, clear division of labor and risk sharing. The third is to carry out collaborative innovation in industrial chain. According to the development needs of national key industries and regional pillar industries and the business needs of companies, some central enterprises have signed strategic cooperation agreements with upstream and downstream enterprises, universities and research institutes in the industrial chain, set up industrial technology innovation alliances, carried out technical cooperation around key issues of industrial technology innovation, broke through the core technologies of industrial development, formed industrial technology standards, implemented intellectual property rights, implemented technology transfer, accelerated the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promoted personnel exchanges and cooperation. For example, over the years, relying on the development of major UHV projects, the State Grid has integrated the resources of domestic scientific research, design, manufacturing, construction, testing, operation units and universities in power and machinery industries, and carried out joint research with scientific research as the guide, design as the leader, equipment as the key and construction as the foundation, taking the lead in comprehensively overcoming the technical problems of UHV AC transmission in the world and completing the experimental demonstration project of commercial operation (Figure 3). In collaborative innovation, State Grid insists on being the initiator of innovation chain, the initiator of innovation goal, the organizer, participant, guarantor and decision maker of innovation process, the first user of innovation achievements and the promoter of large-scale commercialization, and becomes the core subject of innovation consortium, leading the whole innovation process. State Grid fully mobilized the enthusiasm of all stakeholders in innovation chain, concentrated the superior resources and strength at home and abroad, narrowed the distance between the innovative finished products and the actual demand, and gave a powerful power source for the innovation process.
1.5 Establish an integrated technology development and achievement popularization and application system by combining economic means and administrative means. First, establish a special project integrating R&D, design and production.
In order to speed up the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, break down departmental barriers and open up the technological innovation chain, relevant personnel in the fields of R&D, design, production and promotion will be brought together to realize the coordination of various professional departments and ensure the smooth transformation of scientific research achievements. The second is to establish a perfect system and process for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements. In order to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, the methods and related systems for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements have been formulated, the responsibilities, processes and performance of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements have been standardized, and the conditions, mechanisms, indicators and procedures for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements have been stipulated. The third is to adopt the achievement transformation mode of hierarchical management. The central enterprise headquarters centrally manages the intellectual property rights of scientific and technological achievements, formulates management methods and evaluation mechanisms for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, forms a catalogue for the promotion of new technological achievements, and promotes the transformation of achievements by economic and administrative means. At the same time, set up a professional technical service or promotion center to be responsible for the promotion and application of the results. The fourth is the materialization of scientific and technological achievements. In order to promote the enjoyment, promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements and core technologies within the company, the tangible integration of technology and the identification of important products of independent innovation are carried out. The company organizes experts from all subordinate units to systematically sort out, refine, summarize and integrate the developed practical characteristic technologies, materialize and integrate the core technology series in all business fields of the company around the formed core technologies, effectively promote the industrialization, commercialization and popularization of technologies, and incorporate the materialization of technological achievements into the acceptance management of scientific and technological projects. Typical cases such as China Petrochemical? Ten dragons? Research mode of science and technology. The company was established and implemented since 199 1 Ten dragons? Major scientific and technological development projects that are critical and strategic to the company's development should adhere to the system of tackling key problems? Ten dragons? Tackling the problem is to organize internal forces such as scientific research, design, equipment manufacturing, engineering construction, production and sales to jointly tackle the problem (Figure 4), so as to ensure that the technology independently developed can realize industrial transformation at the fastest speed, and it will be quickly and vigorously promoted after industrialization is successful. Over the past 20 years, China Petrochemical has formed a number of core technologies with independent intellectual property rights to support its main business, and realized the industrial transformation of 122 technologies, and achieved remarkable economic and social benefits. Fig. 4 China Petrochemical Company? Ten dragons? Research mode of science and technology
1.6 Establish an incentive and restraint mechanism and improve the evaluation system of technological innovation. First, strengthen the evaluation of technological innovation performance of enterprise leaders.
The achievements of independent innovation and product promotion and application will be included in the performance appraisal of enterprise leaders. The second is to carry out technical innovation evaluation. Formulate special evaluation methods for technological innovation, establish an evaluation index system for technological innovation (such as the output of scientific research achievements, patents, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, etc.), conduct a comprehensive and systematic annual evaluation of the technological innovation work of subordinate units and research institutions, and link it with the performance of the units, or evaluate the technological innovation ability of subordinate institutions, and issue an annual evaluation report on technological innovation ability. The third is to carry out performance appraisal of scientific researchers. Take the personal post target responsibility system, and set different performance appraisal targets for the innovation project team leaders and team members. Assess the project leader according to the innovation achievements and popularization and application of the project team; For team researchers, the combination of key performance indicators and work objectives is used for assessment. The evaluation and management of technological innovation of Baosteel Group Co., Ltd. (referred to as Baosteel) is typical (Figure 5). Baosteel's technical innovation evaluation management consists of two parts: technical innovation system capability evaluation and technical innovation index performance evaluation. System capabilities include overall planning capabilities, external resource utilization capabilities, and organizational support capabilities. Technological innovation indicators include * * * indicators and personality indicators. * * Indicators reflect the overall requirements of the Group, including R&D investment rate, new product sales rate, patent application volume and other indicators. Personality indicators reflect the key work requirements of each subsidiary, such as the rate of environmental protection products and the economic benefits of rationalization proposals. Evaluation management adopts the method of combining quarterly tracking with annual final evaluation. At the beginning of the year, the company made an annual technological innovation plan, determined the scientific and technological goals of the group and its subsidiaries, and issued them to relevant subsidiaries. Conduct performance tracking every quarter and put forward opinions through regular technical innovation meetings (performance dialogues). The annual assessment of technological innovation of each unit is included in the annual assessment of the group's person in charge of this unit.