What is the little knowledge of cutting window grilles? 1. Knowledge about window grilles
Window cut is the most widely distributed, the largest number and the most popular variety among folk paper-cuts.
Divided into "North-South Style", the South takes "exquisiteness" as beauty and is characterized by exquisiteness; The beauty of simplicity and vividness in the north is characterized by innocence and integrity. Other paper-cut varieties are developed and extended on the basis of window grilles.
During the Spring Festival, rural areas in the north and the south all hope to have stick grilles to decorate the environment and enhance the atmosphere, placing their hopes of saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new. Window grilles are the most representative of carving art in terms of subject matter, expression and carving techniques.
Modern window grilles have gradually formed an independent art category, but they are called "window grilles" because they originally originated from clip art in folk festivals or folk activities and are mostly attached to the white paper of rural windows. For everyone, window grilles are a beautiful title, which can cause a lot of lingering and emotion.
On the first day of the first lunar month, commonly known as the Spring Festival, decorating the living room environment with window grilles has become an important part of the Spring Festival celebrations in China. The first cutting situation of window grilles is monochrome cutting, which is widely used in red paper paper cutting.
Second, color paper-cutting, big windows in palaces and shops or windows in halls and facades. Thirdly, the relief paper-cutting popular in Gansu and Qinghai has a unique style, which combines cutting and engraving with origami technology.
Fourth, colored window grilles can be divided into dyeing and color contrast. Dyed window grilles are the most famous in Fengning and Yuxian, Hebei Province.
First engraved and then dyed, with bright colors and excellent light and shadow effects. Color matching window grilles are the most famous window grilles produced in Foshan, Guangdong. The main patterns are cut and carved with gold paper and tin foil paper, and the background color is colored paper, which is magnificent, rich and elegant.
This practice is called "copper lining" Historical window grilles have a history of thousands of years and gradually spread and formed in the Song and Yuan Dynasties.
China folk paper-cut handicraft art has its own formation and development process. China's paper was invented in the Western Han Dynasty BC, and the art of paper-cutting could not have appeared before that. However, at that time, people used thin material hollowing-out carving technology to make handicrafts, but it was popular long before paper appeared, that is, carving, carving and cutting patterns on gold foil, leather, silk and even leaves. According to Records of the Historian Jiantong Di Feng, in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, a king claimed the title of king, and cut a plane tree leaf into a "reed" and gave it to his younger brother, who was named Hou in the Tang Dynasty.
During the Warring States period, leather carvings (one of the cultural relics unearthed from Chu Tomb No.1 in Jiangling, Hubei Province) and silver foil carvings (one of the cultural relics unearthed from the Warring States site in Guwei Village, Huixian County, Henan Province) were all demolished together with paper-cutting, and their appearance laid a certain foundation for the formation of folk paper-cutting. The earliest paper-cutting works in China were discovered in 1967, when China archaeologists discovered two paper-cuts with flowers of the Northern Dynasties in Astana near Gaochang site in Turpan Basin, Xinjiang. They use hemp paper, all of which are folded sacrificial paper-cuts. Their discovery provides physical evidence for the formation of Chinese paper-cutting.
The history of paper-cutting handicraft art, that is, paper-cutting in the true sense, should begin with the appearance of paper. The invention of paper in Han Dynasty promoted the appearance, development and popularization of paper-cutting.
Paper is a moldy material. In the southeast of China, the climate is humid, coupled with rainy days in May and June every year, paper products will rot over time, and folk paper-cutting is a popular thing. People don't keep it as a treasure, and they can cut it if it is broken. In the northwest of China, the weather is dry, the climate is dry, and the paper is not easy to get moldy, which may also be one of the important reasons for the discovery of paper-cutting in the Northern Dynasties in Turpan, Xinjiang.
Paper-cutting in Tang Dynasty-Paper-cutting in Tang Dynasty has been in a period of great development. There is a saying in Du Fu's poem that "warm water fills my feet, and paper-cutting calls my soul". The custom of paper-cutting calling my soul has spread among the people at that time. The paper-cut in the Tang Dynasty, which is now in the British Museum, shows that the paper-cut at that time had a high level of manual art and a complete picture composition, expressing an ideal realm between heaven and earth.
Popular in the Tang Dynasty, the carved patterns of flowers and trees have the characteristics of paper-cutting. For example, the pattern of "Duiyang" in Masakura Hospital in Japan is a typical artistic expression of hand cutting. In the Tang dynasty, there was also block printing made of paper-cutting. People carved it into wax paper with thick paper, and then printed the dye on the cloth to form beautiful patterns.
In Song Dynasty, the paper industry was mature and there were many kinds of paper products, which provided conditions for the popularization of paper-cutting. For example, it can be used as "fireworks" for folk gifts, "window grilles" pasted on windows, or as decorations for lanterns and teacups.
The application scope of folk paper-cutting in Song Dynasty gradually expanded. Jiangxi Jizhou Kiln uses paper-cut as the pattern of ceramics, and makes the ceramics more exquisite by glazing and firing. Folk also use paper-cutting to carve figures in shadow play with the skins of animals such as donkeys, cows, horses and sheep. The engraved version made by the blue printed cloth technology is carved into patterns with oil cardboard, and the scratched patterns are made by paper-cutting technology, which is divided into yin and yang engraving. Long lines should be cut off to distinguish facts from truth. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the paper-cut handicraft art matured and reached its peak.
Folk paper-cut handicraft art has a wider range of applications, such as flower decorations on folk lanterns, decorative patterns on fans and embroidery patterns, all of which are reprocessed with paper-cut as decoration. What's more, Chinese people often use paper-cutting as decoration to beautify the home environment, such as door battlements, window grilles, cabinet flowers, wedding flowers and ceiling flowers, which are all used to decorate doors, windows and rooms.
In addition to the paper-binding pattern craftsmen who appeared after the Southern Song Dynasty, the most basic team of folk paper-cutting handicrafts in China is rural women. Female red is an important symbol of the perfection of traditional women in China. As a compulsory skill of needlework, paper-cutting has become a skill that girls have to learn since childhood.
They want to learn paper-cut patterns from their predecessors or sisters, cut out new patterns through cutting, re-cutting, painting and cutting, and describe the natural scenery they are familiar with and love, the scenery of fish, insects, birds, beasts, flowers, trees, pavilions and bridges, and finally reach the realm of their will. China folk paper-cut handicraft art, like an ivy tree, is ancient and evergreen, and its unique popularity, practicality and aesthetics have become a symbolic meaning that meets people's psychological needs.
Paper-cut Art Each art has its own unique artistic style. Paper-cutting materials (paper) and tools (scissors and carving knives) determine that paper-cutting has its own artistic style.
2. Knowledge about window grilles
People in many areas also like to stick various paper-cut window grilles on their windows. Window grilles can not only set off the festive atmosphere, but also bring people beautiful enjoyment, integrating decoration, appreciation and practicality.
Paper-cutting is a very popular folk art, which has been loved by people for thousands of years. Because it is often pasted on windows, people generally call it "window grilles".
Window grilles are rich in content and wide in subject matter. Because the buyers of window grilles are mostly farmers, window grilles have quite a lot of content to express farmers' lives, such as farming, weaving, fishing, herding sheep, raising pigs and chickens. In addition, there are myths and legends, drama stories and other themes. In addition, the images of flowers and birds, insects and fish, and the zodiac are also very common.
3. Paper-cutting knowledge
Paper-cut Ansai paper-cut
Ansai County, Shaanxi Province
Ansai paper-cutting is a popular folk art in Ansai County, Shaanxi Province. On most festive days, Ansai women hinge paper-cuts, stick grilles. In the twelfth lunar month, women get together early to cut paper for the Spring Festival. Near the end of the year, every household's new white window paper is covered with red and green paper-cuts. In this way, a village is a paper-cut art exhibition.
Some experts commented that Shaanxi paper-cut is in northern Shaanxi, and northern Shaanxi paper-cut is in Ansai. Ansai paper-cut is not only beautifully shaped and exquisitely cut, but also has profound historical and cultural connotations, including aesthetics, history, philosophy, folklore, archaeology, cultural anthropology and so on. It is known as the "cultural relic on the ground" and the "living fossil" of culture.
Ansai paper-cut has various forms, simple and bright style, rough and bright lines, simple and simple meaning, full of expectations for peace and good luck.
Paper-cut magnetic paper-cut
Magnetic paper-cutting can be attached to magnetic photo frames, magnetic drawing axes and magnetic writing boards by its own magnetism, and can also be attached to iron objects such as refrigerators, security doors, cars, filing cabinets and pencil boxes. Spray some water or clean it, or stick it on glass or other smooth surfaces. Magnetic paper-cutting can more fully reflect the through-carving characteristics of paper-cutting and the through-air effect of paper-cutting.
Magnetic paper-cutting is the inheritance and development of paper-cutting art, and its contributions to paper-cutting are as follows: first, magnetic paper-cutting expands the market of paper-cutting; Second, magnetic paper-cutting enriches the theory of paper-cutting; Thirdly, magnetic paper-cutting enhances the artistic expression of paper-cutting, and the artistic creation techniques are innovative and the artistic expression techniques are more diversified.
Magnetic paper-cutting is a utility model (patent number: ZL 200420067 15 1.0), which was granted the patent right by the Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China on August 17, 2005.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20th, 2006, this heritage was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. On June 8, 2007, Shanghai Li Paper-cut Art Master Studio won the first Cultural Heritage Day Award from the Ministry of Culture.
4. Basic knowledge of paper cutting
Basic knowledge of paper cutting:
Paper-cutting is one of the oldest folk arts in China. Paper-cutting is a kind of hollow art, which gives people a sense of emptiness and artistic enjoyment visually. The art of creating with paper as the processing object and scissors (or carving knife) as the tool.
Paper-cutting is widely circulated among the people and has a long history. Paper-cut works of 1500 years ago have been unearthed in Xinjiang.
As a traditional folk art in China, it occupies an important position in folk activities. Professional folk paper-cutting artists appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. Folk paper-cutting often refines and summarizes natural forms through homophonic, symbolic and moral means, forming beautiful patterns.
Extended data
In China, paper-cutting has a broad mass base and is integrated into the social life of people of all ethnic groups. It is an important part of various folk activities.
It inherits the continuous visual image and modeling format, contains rich cultural and historical information, expresses the social identity, moral concept, practical experience, life ideal and aesthetic taste of the general public, and has multiple social values such as cognition, education, expression, lyricism, entertainment and communication.
On May 20th, 2006, the paper-cut art heritage was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. 65438 At the fourth meeting of UNESCO Inter-Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage held from September 28th to1October 2nd, 2009, the Chinese paper-cut project was selected into the List of Representatives of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Paper-cutting can be roughly divided into four categories from the specific use:
One is for posting, that is, directly sticking on doors, windows, walls, lanterns and ribbons for decoration. Such as window grilles, wall flowers, ceiling flowers, cigarette lattices, lantern flowers, paper-tied flowers, and door stickers;
Second, it is used for decoration, that is, for decorating gifts, dowries, sacrifices and offerings. Such as flowers, flowers, fireworks, candlestick flowers, fragrant flowers, Chongyang flag;
Thirdly, embroidery patterns are used in clothing, shoes, hats and pillows. Such as shoe flower, pillow flower, hat flower, bib flower, sleeve flower and suspender flower;
Fourth, printing and dyeing, that is, as a printing plate for blue printed cloth, used for clothing, quilts, curtains, bags, bibs, headscarves, etc.