American inventor. In history, it is famous for establishing factory laboratories and opening up ways to closely combine technology development with scientific research. 1847 February 1 1 Born in Mylan, Ohio, a Dutch immigrant family. 193 1 year1October 18 died in west orange, new jersey. I had only three months of formal education when I was young. From the age of 12, he worked as a newsboy, vendor and telegraph operator to make a living. Influenced by M Faraday, he engaged in electrical experimental research and invention all his life. 1868, he invented a ballot recorder and tried to sell it to congress, but it was not adopted. Edison's first invention did not find a market, which made him pay more attention to the practicality of the invention. 1869, Edison moved from Boston to new york. He improved the telegraph of Gold Index Telegraph Company, which was appreciated by the company manager and was hired with a monthly salary of 300 dollars (which was a very high monthly salary at that time). 1870, he moved to New Jersey and began his period of efficient invention. 1874 improved the typewriter. 1876, a carbon microphone was added to the telephone invented by a g bell, which improved the reception of sound.
1876, he founded his own famous laboratory. In this laboratory, he broke the tradition that a single scientist engaged in research alone, and organized a group of professionals (including N Tesla and others) who worked together to formulate topics and assign tasks, and worked together on an invention, thus creating the correct way of modern scientific research. 1877, he invented the phonograph and made him famous all over the world. 1878 started the research of incandescent lamp. After more than ten months of repeated failures, the incandescent carbon filament lamp was successfully lit on June 1879 and June 65438+1October 2 1, and it was lit stably for two whole days. 1882, the world's second public thermal power plant was established in Pearl Street, new york, and the electric lighting system in new york was established, which became the prototype of modern power system. The realization of electric lighting not only greatly improves people's production and working conditions, but also indicates the arrival of the electrification era of daily life. 1883, when Edison was testing a vacuum bulb, he happened to find a current passing between the cold electrode and the hot electrode. This phenomenon was later called Edison effect, which became the basis of electron tube and electronic industry. 1887, he moved to west orange, and in the same year, he founded a larger laboratory with updated equipment in the city, namely the famous Edison laboratory (later called the invention factory). Here, according to the invention of G. Hysmans, I made my own camera. 19 14 years, the earliest sound film system was made with phonograph and camera. In his later years, his inventions and innovations included batteries, cement mixers, recording telephones, duplex and multiplex telegraph systems and railway brakes. During the First World War, he was the chairman of Ren Haijun's Technical Advisory Committee, directed the research on torpedoes and anti-submarine equipment, and invented dozens of weapons. To this end, the US government awarded him the 1920 Medal of Outstanding Service, and the French government awarded him the Legion of Honor. 1928, the US Congress awarded him the Medal of Honor. Edison and his laboratory obtained 1093 invention patents all their lives. Edison made many inventions in his life, but after all, he lacked systematic scientific knowledge, so he could not make a correct judgment on the development of modern technology. At the end of 19, AC transmission system appeared, but he still insisted on DC transmission, and lost the contract to build Niagara Hydropower Station in the fierce competition with G. westinghouse; His laboratory blindly trial-produced magnetic mineral processing equipment, exhausted the funds obtained from the invention of electric light, and finally had to give up. However, Edison's contribution to the development of electric power, the manufacture of electrical appliances and the popularization of electric energy applications made him one of the greatest inventors in human history.
1847 February 1 1 was born in a peasant family in Milan, Ohio, USA. I went to school at the age of eight and only studied for three months, so I had to drop out of school and go home. His mother used to be a rural teacher, helping him to learn by himself. 12 years old, family life is difficult, he started selling newspapers on the train. /kloc-when he was 0/6 years old, he invented the automatic timing transmitter, and then inventions continued. During his lifetime, * * * completed more than 2,000 inventions, and 1928 was awarded the special gold medal of the US Congress. 193 1 year1October18th, Edison died in west orange at the age of 84. 193 1 year1October 2 1 day, lights were turned off all over the United States to show condolences.
Scientific achievements
Edison was a world-famous great inventor. The invention of his life is unparalleled in the world. Edison's main contributions are:
1. Edison's most important contribution to science and technology was the invention of the phonograph and the incandescent lamp.
Today, it is hard for us to imagine that we can live without electricity-we can't turn on the lights, listen to records, watch movies or make phone calls. However, all these things that we take for granted are the result of one person's actual invention-Thomas Edison. Before Edison, on the road, in the bedroom, in the factory, you could only use gas lamps lit by hand. As night fell, the factory closed. Electricity or telephone was not invented by Edison. But his practical inventions and improvements pushed the use of electricity and telephones to every corner.
Edison may be the greatest inventor of all time. He is a pioneer of technological innovation in the modern world. This tireless inventor brought us from age of steam into the 20th century.
Edison also made many famous inventions in movies, trams, mining, architecture and weapons.
Edison also observed thermionic emission in vacuum bulb, which was later called "Edison effect". The discovery of thermionic emission laid the foundation for the development of electron tubes.
Chronology of major events
On February 1847, Thomas Alva Edison was born in Milan, Ohio, USA.
1854 The Edison family moved to Port Huron, Michigan. Soon Edison got scarlet fever and was very ill. This serious illness became the main reason for his later deafness.
1855 Edison studied in Engel School for three months.
Edison became a newsboy on the Detroit train in Port Huron at the age of 1859.
The American Civil War broke out in 186 1.
1862 Battle of Shiloh; Edison telegraphed the newspaper that reported the news of the battle and made it sell well.
1863, Edison became a telegraph operator at the age of 16. In the next few years, he wandered around and did telegraph work.
Edison arrived in Boston on 1868 and got a job in the western union telegraph company. He applied for the first patent (voting machine), and the news of his two-way telegram was published in Telegraph magazine.
1869 65438+ In October, Edison became a free inventor. He applied for a second patent, an improved automatic stock quotation machine.
In April, the two-way telegraph test failed.
On June+10, 5438, Edison established a cooperative relationship with Franklin L. Pope, an electrical engineer.
187 1 year, Edison opened a shop in Newark, New Jersey.
In February 65438, Thomas Edison married Mary Stilwell.
1874, Edison successfully built a multi-channel telegraph system and a four-channel transmission system, which can transmit two messages in two directions at the same time through one line.
1876 1 In June, Edison began to build a new laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey, and soon moved in.
In March, Alexander Graham Bell obtained a patent for his newly invented telephone.
1877 65438+ 10, Edison began to study the carbon telephone transmitter.
165438+ 10, Edison used a lamp to enhance the effect of high-carbon microphone.
In February 65438, Edison invented the phonograph.
1878 Edison began to study electric lamps and transmission systems.
/kloc-0 completed the design of "low waist Marianne" generator in the summer of 879.
1879 10 Edison found that if the carbonized cotton thread is used as a filament and put into a glass bulb with a high vacuum, it will continue to glow for many hours before burning out.
1880 electric train was built and put into use in lomon garden.
188 1 year, Edison left Munro Garden and returned to new york.
1882 Edison noticed some black deposition points in the bulb when he was studying the electric lamp, which was the first proof of the "Edison effect".
On September 4th, new york Pearl Street Power Station started construction.
Edison's wife Mary died.
1886, Thomas Edison married Mina Miller and settled with her in Granmont, a large manor in Orange Valley, New Jersey.
1887, Edison began to improve the phonograph; And built a new laboratory in West Orange.
1888 Edison saved an iron ore processing company founded in the 1970s.
In the following years, he bought a large piece of land with iron ore in New Jersey and opened a concentrator and a mine.
189 1 year, Edison applied for a patent for his "moving object continuous photo projector" in the United States.
1899 Edison began to study the batteries of electric vehicles.
Edison's research on iron ore treatment finally stopped at 1900.
1902 Edison successfully opened a cement products factory. Through this business, he developed road and housing construction projects. )
19 12 Edison began to design an electric automatic starter for Ford's Model T, replacing the electric car on the market.
1914-1918 When World War I broke out, Edison spent a lot of time on the scientific development of the US Navy.
1927 Edison set up a laboratory in Florida to study domestic rubber resources to replace the usual Malayan products.
193 1 In August, Edison was exhausted and was diagnosed as seriously ill.
10 year 10 month 18 day, Thomas Alva Edison died at the age of 84.
10 10/2 1 day, lights are turned off all over the United States to show condolences.