Whether it is for universities, teachers, or companies, a method that allows everyone to form a community of interests must be more appropriate. I personally prefer technology licensing and pricing shares.
If the consideration obtained for the transformation of achievements is cash, then I prefer technology licensing. Foreign universities such as Stanford University use technology licensing the most for technology transfer, and their technology transfer agency is directly called the Technology Licensing Office. The Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) invites scientific research institutions (including universities, colleges, hospitals, research institutes, national laboratories and third-party technology investment institutions, mainly universities) to participate in U.S. licensing activities every year Research also shows that the transformation of foreign achievements is mainly based on technology licensing.
So for the country, what are the benefits of licensing?
First, it is relatively simple to operate and does not involve the transfer of ownership of job-related scientific and technological achievements as state-owned assets. After all, what is licensed is the right to use the achievements; its operation method is relatively simple and does not require registration like price-setting shares. Companies have requirements in various aspects such as industry and commerce, taxation, and management.
Second, there are many forms of technology licensing to choose from, including exclusive licenses, exclusive licenses and general licenses. The method that is more commonly used abroad is the ordinary license. There are also some achievements in China that adopt exclusive licensing and exclusive license transformation methods. For example, the chlorine- and fluorine-free polyurethane chemical foaming agent developed by Professor Bi Yusui’s team at Shandong University of Technology was granted a 20-year exclusive license (excluding the United States and Canada) to Butian New Material Technology Ltd., which has exclusive access to the technology for a period of 20 years. An exclusive license means that within the period and territory specified in the contract, the licensee and the licensor can use the technology, but the licensor can no longer license the technology to third parties.
Third, technology licensing can also form a community of deeply bound interests. If the transferee has strong confidence in the achievement and the ability to transform it, and considering the future market share, it is more willing to use exclusive licensing and exclusive licensing. These two methods also make universities, teachers and The interests of the three parties in the enterprise are more closely integrated and the transformation power is stronger. In addition, technology licensing can also agree on threshold fees and commission fees. The enterprise pays a license fee in the early stage, and the holder of the later results can also receive a certain percentage of commission fees based on the income. This is also a better combination of interests.
Fourth, technology licensing can fully enjoy preferential tax policies. "Several Provisions of the State Council on Issuing and Implementing the Law of the People's Republic of China on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements" clarifies how to calculate the net income from the two transformation methods of technology transfer and technology licensing. The initial cost only includes appraisal fees, maintenance There are more direct costs such as fees or taxes, and more net income can be used for distribution. After technology contract certification and registration, universities can also enjoy preferential policies on value-added tax and income tax, and scientific researchers can also enjoy preferential policies on halving personal income tax on the transformation of scientific and technological achievements.
However, it should be noted that technology licensing puts forward higher requirements for the protection of intellectual property rights. During the licensing process, universities and teachers must plan how to prevent infringement, and it is best to form patents and other intellectual property rights to protect them.