Notes on Pinyin: Hair loss tufà Basic explanation: [Hair loss] Pathological causes lead to a large number of hair loss Detailed explanation: A large number of hair loss is mostly caused by dermatoses such as tinea.
[Edit this paragraph] Physiological alopecia
Chinese pinyin: tuūf English translation: alopecia, alopecia loses 50 ~ 75 hairs every day. This is because the growth of hair is periodic and can be divided into growth period, regression period and rest period. Hair in the growing period accounts for about 85% of all hair, during which the hair grows by 0.27 ~ 0.4 mm every day. The growth period of hair is 2 ~ 6 years. After entering the regression stage, the hair bulb at the lower part of the hair follicle, including the germinal part, began to shrink. Hair no longer grows, becomes loose and easily falls off; About 1% of the hair is in a degenerative state. At rest, the lower part of the hair follicle is completely atrophied and the hair falls off, and the hair at rest accounts for about14%; The dormancy period lasts for 3~6 months, then the hair follicle enters the growth period and new hair grows again.
[Edit this paragraph] Pathological alopecia
Types of alopecia in modern dermatology
From the expected results, hair loss can be divided into two basic types. First of all, we should distinguish between types. From the perspective of hair follicles, general hair loss can be divided into two basic types: permanent hair loss caused by hair follicle damage and temporary hair loss caused by short-term hair follicle damage. Permanent alopecia is a common male alopecia. In some European countries, the male baldness rate is as high as 40%. Britain is 365,438+0%, France is 39%, Italy is 28%, and Germany is 265,438+0% ◆ The process of permanent hair loss (that is, male hair loss) is gradually produced. At the beginning, the hair margin of the head and forehead was obviously retracted, and the hair on the top of the head was scarce; Then it will develop gradually, and finally it will develop into only a circle of sparse hair on the back of the head and on both sides of the head. There are three main reasons: genetic factors; Lack or disorder of androgen in blood circulation; Overweight. In addition, scars left by various skin diseases or skin injuries, congenital hair dysplasia, serious hair follicle damage caused by chemical substances or physical reasons, etc., may all cause permanent hair loss. Temporary hair loss is often caused by diseases with high fever. However, X-rays, ingestion of metals (such as thallium, tin and arsenic) or drugs, malnutrition, some skin diseases with inflammation, chronic wasting diseases and endocrine disorders can also lead to temporary hair loss.
2. From the point of view of etiology.
☆ 1, seborrheic alopecia: more common in young adults, manifested as thick scalp oil secretion, bright, sparse, sparse hair, or dry hair, dandruff, dull and thin. ★ Solution: Pay attention to a light diet, eat less irritating food, eat more fruits and vegetables or take vitamins B6 and B2 orally. 2. Pathological alopecia: It is mainly due to the damage of viruses, bacteria and high fever to hair mother cells, which inhibits the normal division of hair mother cells and puts hair follicles in a state of shock, leading to hair loss, such as acute infectious diseases and long-term use of certain drugs. ★ Solution: Take more rest, and your hair will grow back after your body recovers or stops taking medicine. ☆3, chemical hair loss: harmful chemicals damage scalp tissue and hair follicle cells, leading to hair loss ★ Solution: Do not use irritating hair dyes, perms and inferior shampoos. ☆4. Physical alopecia: hair loss caused by air pollutants blocking hair follicles and harmful radiation. ★ Solution: Do not use nylon comb and nylon head brush which are easy to generate static electricity. Wear a protective cap and wash your hair in time in an environment with serious air dust pollution. ☆5. Nutritional alopecia: malnutrition caused by digestive and absorption dysfunction leads to alopecia ★ Solution: strengthen nutrition and eat more fruits and vegetables, kelp, mulberries and walnuts. ☆6. Obese alopecia: A large number of saturated fatty acids produce waste after metabolism in the body, blocking hair follicles and leading to alopecia ★ Solution: eat less greasy food and strengthen physical exercise. ☆7. Hereditary alopecia: Hair loss is also hereditary. Generally, men are dominant and women are recessive. ☆8. Neuropathic alopecia is a "virtual" disease, which is manifested in the head. Because of the "seven emotions" (referring to joy, anger, worry, sorrow, fear and shock) internal injuries, qi and blood imbalance, poor operation, hair follicles can not be nourished, nutrition is cut off, and a large area of rapid shedding.
[Edit this paragraph] The main symptoms of alopecia
It is greasy hair, just like rubbing oil. It is also brown and fluffy, lacking luster, and pale yellow scales are difficult to fix or gray scales fly around. If a man loses his hair, he will consciously itch, mainly because the hairline and sideburns on his forehead move up, and the hair on the top of his head will be sparse, yellow and soft, which will eventually make the top of his forehead bald or fuzzy. Women's hair rests on the top of their heads, and it becomes sparse, but it will not fall off completely.
[Edit this paragraph] Pathological causes
Causes of female hair loss
Hereditary alopecia can also occur in hereditary women. Because of the short hair follicle growth period caused by heredity, hair loss is early. Excessive weight loss and dieting In recent years, hair loss among young women has become increasingly serious. Experts pointed out after research and analysis that this is related to women's excessive weight loss. The main component of hair is keratin, which is composed of protein, iron and other substances. Because many women lose weight, they eat vegetarian food such as vegetables and fruits for three meals a day. It is difficult for hair follicles to have enough nutrition such as protein and iron, which leads to hair loss. Hormone secretion disorder: Women who take birth control pills or stop taking birth control pills or menopause will have hormone secretion disorder, leading to hair loss. After pregnancy and childbirth, at the end of pregnancy, women's hair will go into hibernation, and new hair will grow after childbirth. Therefore, new hair will squeeze out the original hair, causing hair loss. Women's menstrual period leads to nutrient loss, which makes the hair layer and hair follicle cells not get enough nutrition. Professional women are under great work pressure. Professional women are overworked and stressed, which leads to mental stress. When people are in a state of tension, their hair will stand upright, which will hinder the smooth blood circulation and lead to hair loss and gray hair. Frequent perming, tying or pulling hair, frequent perming and using damaging chemicals such as styling foam and hair dye, or habitual tying or pulling hair at will make hair fall off, and ponytail will make the hair on the forehead thin.
Possible causes of hair loss
1, improper diet and sleep 2, long-term mental work 3, endocrine disorders such as furuncle, tinea versicolor, pyogenic tinea, alopecia folliculitis, lupus erythematosus, carbuncle, leprosy, syphilis, etc. 2. Non-infectious skin diseases, such as discoid lupus erythematosus, localized scleroderma, lichen planus, exfoliative dermatitis, etc. 3. Benign or malignant tumors, such as verrucous nevus, sebaceous nevus, keloid, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, etc. 4. Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, hypopituitarism, hypoparathyroidism, adrenal tumors, advanced acromegaly, postpartum, menopause and oral contraceptives. Can lead to hair loss; Anemia, liver and kidney diseases, malnutrition, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, acanthosis nigricans. Some febrile diseases, some febrile diseases and cold diseases can cause symptomatic alopecia, such as typhoid fever, pneumonia, meningitis and influenza. It often leads to hair loss and thinning hair. This kind of alopecia is called symptomatic alopecia.
Relationship between hair loss and computer
People who work in computers are prone to hair loss. The reason is that these people use their brains for a long time and pay close attention. The endocrine function related to hair growth is disordered and sebaceous glands are exuberant. Hair follicle is easy to embolize, which hinders the nutritional supply of hair, leading to the increase of hair brittleness and easy to fall off. The key to prevent hair loss is to use the brain scientifically. The specific measures are: adjust the time of using the computer. Every half hour you work in front of the computer, you should take a break. You can leave the computer screen, look far away for a few minutes, turn your head and neck, or just close your eyes for a few minutes. Get into the good habit of massaging the head. Massage Baihui point in the middle of the temple and the top of the head twice a day in the morning, at noon and at night, and massage the middle finger of both hands from front to back along the frontal angle and the middle line of the head, with unlimited times. Reasonably adjust the diet structure. Usually eat more fresh vegetables, fruits and foods rich in vitamin B, eat more miscellaneous grains and eat less greasy, sweet and spicy foods to ensure smooth stool. Ensure adequate sleep. No matter how stressful the work is, it is essential to ensure a few hours of sleep every day, try to ensure the quality of sleep and adjust the blood circulation in the cerebral cortex in time.
[Edit this paragraph] Clinical diagnosis
Under normal circumstances, experienced professional doctors will know whether it is seborrheic alopecia or male alopecia through naked eye examination and then ask questions about heredity, diet and chemical contact, so there is no need to do any examination, and experienced doctors will understand.
1, napping test
A positive hair pulling test means that 2-8 hairs can be pulled out from any part of the scalp without pain. This experiment is of positive significance to hair diseases such as resting alopecia, alopecia loose syndrome and alopecia areata during growth.
2. Endocrine examination
The examination of sex hormone level has certain clinical significance for postpartum alopecia, menopausal alopecia and alopecia caused by oral contraceptives. Serum TSH examination is the most valuable for the diagnosis of hypothyroidism.
3. Nutritional metabolism examination
Nutritional metabolic diseases, such as iron deficiency, often need laboratory examination in the early stage. Serum ferritin is less than 1.2 ug/L, and transferrin saturation is less than 0. 65,438+0.5, whole blood FEP is greater than 65,438+0.78 umol/L (65,438+0.00 ug/DL) or FEP/Hb is greater than 4.5 ug/L. In the early stage of malignant malnutrition, due to long-term insufficient intake of protein, negative nitrogen balance is formed in the body, and urea nitrogen in blood and urine first decreases, and urine first decreases. Low plasma total protein is the diagnostic condition of dystrophic alopecia. 4. Other examinations of systemic lupus erythematosus mainly include LE cells, anti-dsDNA or anti-sm antibodies, ANA immunofluorescence and so on. Syphilitic alopecia needs syphilis serological examination. HIV antibody test is the most commonly used for hair and scalp diseases suspected to be caused by AIDS. The method is to culture the virus with peripheral blood lymphocytes, and the positive rate is above 95%. More than 70% AIDS patients with hair and scalp lesions, their T helper factor (th) decreased to below 0. 15* 109/L, while the value of TH in normal blood was greater than1.5 *109/L.
[Edit this paragraph] Seborrheic alopecia
It often appears in young adults, characterized by thick oily secretions on the scalp, bright, sparse and sparse hair, or dry, dandruff, dull, sparse and slender. Seborrheic alopecia is a common skin disease, which can be divided into male alopecia (also called androgenetic alopecia, male baldness, commonly known as premature baldness, baldness or Mediterranean). ), seborrheic alopecia (also known as liposuction), alopecia areata, etc. Common alopecia is mostly male alopecia (more than 50% of alopecia patients) and seborrheic alopecia (more than 45%), and other types of alopecia only account for 5% of the total number of alopecia patients (3% of them are alopecia areata, and the rest only account for 2%). Many people, including many doctors, always confuse seborrheic alopecia with male alopecia. In fact, this is a confusing fallacy, because seborrheic alopecia has its own unique reasons and characteristics besides the abnormal androgen level like male alopecia. Seborrheic alopecia is a kind of alopecia that occurs on the basis of excessive seborrhea. Its symptoms are excessive scalp fat overflow, often accompanied by increased dandruff, greasy scalp and obvious itching. Most of them occur in young people with exuberant sebaceous glands. Patients generally have fine hair, and some of them are accompanied by symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Hair loss gradually starts from the top of the head, spreads to the forehead, and then spreads to the whole head. The scalp is greasy, bright red and has a yellow scab. Seborrheic alopecia is a permanent alopecia. Some men begin to lose their hair after development, and then their hair is greasy and shiny, and dandruff slowly increases, often with a strange itching feeling, and sometimes their hair is dry and dull. As long as you grasp it with your hand, your hair will fall off, especially in the frontal lobes on both sides.
Clinical manifestations of (1) seborrheic alopecia;
Seborrheic alopecia is more common in men, and there are more mental workers than manual workers. Clinically, seborrheic alopecia may be related to endocrine function (mainly androgen), mental state, heredity and some drug factors. Seborrheic alopecia mainly occurs in young men, but the number of female patients has increased in recent years. The clinical manifestation is that the patient's scalp fat overflows excessively, resulting in greasy and moist scalp and mixed dust and dander. If you don't wash your hair for a few days, your hair will be dirty and smelly, especially when the temperature is high. Sometimes accompanied by scalp itching inflammation, mainly due to seborrheic dermatitis caused by scalp dampness and bacterial infection. Hair loss usually starts from the middle of the two frontal angles, the forehead and the top of the head, and then spreads all over the top of the head, but not much hair falls off around the head. In severe cases, the hair loss area becomes shiny and shiny, and the rest of the hair becomes soft and yellow. Patients generally start to lose their hair continuously from their twenties, and in severe cases, they basically take off their clothes in their thirties and forties, which seriously affects their appearance. The development of hair loss is becoming more and more serious. At first, I saw a lot of hair falling on pillow towels and combs every day. Later, as long as you pull it gently, you can pull a lot. When washing your hair, your face is covered with hair loss, and the water outlet of the bathroom is covered with a thick layer of hair loss, which makes people feel very distressed and scared.
(2) Classification of seborrheic alopecia:
Seborrheic alopecia is divided into acute seborrheic alopecia and chronic seborrheic alopecia. (1) The symptoms of acute seborrheic alopecia are: the scalp is greasy and itchy, with dandruff or papules, the hair falls off in a short time, or even all of it, and the scalp may have small papules, which mostly occur in adolescence, especially in men, and it is easy to recur after treatment. (2) The symptoms of chronic seborrheic alopecia are: the scalp is greasy, shiny and oily, with a large amount of gray-white bran-like dandruff, dry hair, dull hair and severe itching. Men's hair slowly falls off from both sides of the forehead and the top of the head, and it is not easy to form baldness after several years or even longer. This disease is more common in young men and women, especially men, while women's hair is sparse and dry, and the hair quality is slow and dry.
(3) Causes of seborrheic alopecia:
What causes seborrheic alopecia? The essential cause of seborrheic alopecia has not been clearly determined in medicine so far. At present, western medicine tends to think that alopecia is related to the high level of androgen in human body. Some people have done experiments to prove that when the concentration of testosterone and other male hormones in human serum reaches more than 30 μ g/L, it will inhibit the growth of hair follicle cells, and the higher the concentration, the stronger the inhibition. On the other hand, many studies show that the serum androgen concentration of patients with seborrheic alopecia is not significantly higher than that of normal people. Long-term research and observation believe that the most direct and key cause of seborrheic alopecia is excessive sebum secretion, and some components in the skin, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid and squalene, will have toxic effects on hair follicles when excessive, leading to fur poisoning, withering and shedding. Experiments show that applying oil containing these ingredients to animal fur will cause a lot of fur to fall off. One of the evidences that seborrheic alopecia is directly related to excessive sebum secretion is that sebum secretion in human body is related to temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more sebum secretion. Therefore, seborrheic alopecia is particularly serious in summer and autumn, and the symptoms will be lighter in winter and spring, which will be experienced by ordinary patients. This can not be explained by the level of serum androgen in the body. Generally speaking, the level of androgen in the body is stable and has little to do with temperature. The main reason of hair loss is that the ecological environment of hair growth is destroyed and there are too many parasites on the scalp, which leads to a lot of oil. Therefore, it is not yet confirmed that excessive androgen is the root cause of hair loss. In addition, Chinese medicine believes that hair loss is caused by kidney deficiency and blood deficiency, liver depression and qi stagnation, and yin deficiency and internal heat. However, this view lacks a clear classification and detailed pathological analysis of various types of alopecia. It should be noted that the causes of all kinds of alopecia are different, and it is difficult to attribute them all to kidney deficiency, especially seborrheic alopecia. At present, the medical profession generally believes that seborrheic alopecia is related to the following three factors: (1) Androgen Modern medicine has confirmed that most patients with seborrheic alopecia have more androgens, which is mainly due to the fact that androgens secreted by testicles enter the blood circulation and reach the scalp to form toxic substances to stimulate hair follicles, and the energy metabolism and protein metabolism of hair follicles are blocked, leading to hair loss. (2) Genetic factors The genetic factors of seborrheic alopecia are dominant in men, and the pathogenic factors can be directly passed on from the previous generation to the next generation, so male seborrheic alopecia patients are more common. As long as men have one hair loss gene, it will cause hair loss, while women will not have hair loss, because the hair loss gene is recessive unless there are two hair loss genes at the same time. Even if there are two hair loss genes, generally speaking, for women, it will only become sparse hair, not big hair loss or only marginal hair and bald hair in the middle. (3) Age With the increase of male age, the incidence of lipodystrophy gradually increased. Hair loss mostly occurs in young men aged 17-20, and the peak incidence is around 30 years old. Later, with the increase of age, although the incidence rate decreased, the symptoms worsened and eventually baldness occurred. (4) People who are engaged in intense and complicated mental work are under great mental stress, and their brains consume a lot of energy, which stimulates the autonomic nerves and hormone adaptability of human body to make adjustments, so as to maintain the normal physiological balance of body temperature, metabolism and immune function, secrete more androgens, enhance people's analytical ability and judgment ability, and make people alert and wise. At the same time, people's temperament becomes impatient and sebaceous glands secrete vigorously. Compared with other parts, the sebaceous glands on the scalp are the most developed, and in this case, they secrete more, thus providing conditions for the reproduction of lipophilic fungi and cephalomites on the scalp. Lipophilic fungi on the scalp proliferate on the premise that sebaceous glands secrete a lot. The affected lipophilic fungi get nutrients from hair follicles and excrete metabolites there, which stimulates chronic inflammation of hair follicles and scalp-seborrheic dermatitis. If seborrheic dermatitis is not treated in time, the bacteria in the hair roots grow and reproduce to produce a lytic enzyme, which dissolves the hair roots into incompleteness, the hair roots become loose, the hair follicles gradually shrink, the hair growth function gradually declines, and the hair gradually decreases until baldness. (5) Cephalosporidium is a tiny parasite, which is invisible to the naked eye. Hair experts have found that lipophilic tiny animal Cephalosporid is also the culprit of hair loss, just like gene or hormone imbalance. It is parasitic in human hair follicles and feeds on sebum. After eating, in order to help digestion, a lipase will be secreted, which will further decompose and erode sebaceous glands in the scalp, block hair follicles, make hair follicles shrink due to lack of nutrition, and cause hair loss or baldness.
(D) the harm of seborrheic alopecia
Hair is the first element of human beauty. Wearing a bald head at a young age is really the biggest harm to appearance and a great blow to self-confidence, and it will also affect career choice, marriage and even the future. Although there is no physical pain, the mental pressure and pain are unbearable. Nowadays, the social competition is fierce, and hair loss is a very distressing thing for men, especially for young men, whose ideological distress has aggravated their illness.
(5) prevent seborrheic alopecia
Hair loss is a big social problem faced by many people, which can be prevented by some hair care methods in life. The following are some daily precautions to prevent hair loss. Vitamin deficiency in a reasonable diet is one of the factors leading to hair loss. Establishing a balanced diet and properly supplementing vitamins needed by the body can prevent hair loss. In addition, the lack of protein is also one of the factors affecting hair loss, which will make hair more and more scarce and hinder the healthy growth of hair. Therefore, a reasonable diet not only contributes to the growth of hair, but also contributes to the health of the body. Hair care methods Careful care of hair can prevent hair loss. Hair is fragile when it is wet, so it can't be combed hard. Also, dyeing hair, perming hair and curling hair are very popular now, which will damage hair. Release the pressure. Excessive stress can cause various physical diseases, including hair loss, which makes the hair dormant for months. Therefore, to prevent hair loss, we should avoid excessive pressure, exercise more at ordinary times and develop good living habits.
[Edit this paragraph] Chemotherapy leads to alopecia.
Many patients will suffer from hair loss after chemotherapy. Everyone has a love of beauty, especially female patients, which will cause great mental burden and worry that hair can no longer grow back. Chemotherapy drugs have a strong lethal effect on leukemia cells, but so far, no drug can selectively kill only leukemia cells, which will also damage normal cells in human body. Normal hematopoietic cells, digestive tract mucosa cells and hair follicle cells with active proliferation in human body are more vulnerable to damage. Among them, hair follicle cells that dominate hair growth are easy to cause hair loss after being damaged. Hair loss is a common side effect, but it does not always happen, and the degree of hair loss is different because of different drugs used. Some drugs don't affect it, some drugs make hair fall off completely, but some drugs only slightly lose hair and make hair thinner. Among the commonly used chemical drugs, adriamycin, etoposide (VP 16), vincristine and high-dose cyclophosphamide are the most likely to cause alopecia. In addition, hair loss may occur in every part of the body, not just the head, such as eyebrows, armpit hair, hand hair, leg hair and even pubic hair. After the patient loses his hair (partially or completely), his hair will grow back. Generally speaking, this growth can be seen many times during the implementation of chemotherapy. Surprisingly, after a few months, the hair of patients with alopecia often becomes darker, thicker and better, so patients don't have to worry about it.
[Edit this paragraph] Hair loss caused by thyroid dysfunction
The thyroid gland produces two hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and tetraiodothyronine (T4). These two important hormones act on almost all cells of the body and affect their metabolism, and also control the metabolism of skin and hair. Although they are not sex hormones, they will affect the gonads. If the hormone content produced by these two thyroid glands in the body is too high or too low, it will cause different degrees of hair loss. When thyroid function is low, it is often seen that hair is dry and skin is dry, and the sensitivity to cold is enhanced, accompanied by narcolepsy, brittle nails and alopecia, which is also a symptom of hypothyroidism. It is worth mentioning that the "low" here can be within the normal range, for example. O 1。 If it's 6. O, in a "low" state, this normal range of low thyroid hormone index may also cause hair loss. The manifestations of high thyroid function are irritability, increased nervousness, hyperhidrosis, rapid pulse, sensitivity to damp heat, difficulty in sleeping, eating too much but still losing weight, showing excess energy, and accompanied by hair loss symptoms. Therefore, no matter whether the thyroid function is high or low, hair is almost dry and often easily broken. In people with these two thyroid conditions, the type of hair loss is similar to that of male hair loss, but it is more dispersed, and this kind of hair loss may spread all over the head. In addition, hair loss caused by thyroid dysfunction may occur simultaneously with other types of hair loss (such as postpartum hair loss), which can lead to a large number of hair loss.