China is the first country in the world to grow rice. China is the first country in the world to cultivate and grow wild rice. Archaeologists discovered rice planted artificially 10,000 years ago in Hunan, 3000-5000 years earlier than other countries that planted rice earlier in the world.
China is the first country in the world to grow rice. Rice is a cereal crop of Oryza, and its representative species is rice. Rice is native to China and India. The ancestors of the Yangtze River valley in China planted rice 7,000 years ago. Rice is divided into indica rice and japonica rice, early rice and middle and late rice, glutinous rice and non-glutinous rice according to rice type. Divided into conventional rice and hybrid rice according to the way of seed retention. There are other classifications, which are divided into rice and floating rice according to whether there is soilless culture or not; According to the life cycle, it is divided into seasonal rice and? Lazy rice? (New Year's ratooning rice); According to the height, it is divided into ordinary rice and giant rice about 2 meters; According to salt tolerance and alkalinity, it can be divided into ordinary light rice and? Sea rice? In fact, fresh water is mainly used.
The fruit of rice is rice, which is called brown rice after hulling. Rice can be obtained by grinding brown rice to remove the rice bran layer. Nearly half of the world's population lives on rice. Besides being edible, rice can also be used as industrial raw materials for brewing wine and sugar, and rice husk and straw can be used as livestock feed. The main rice producing areas in China are Yangtze River Basin, Pearl River Basin and Northeast China. Rice is a direct cash crop and a staple food for China residents. At present, the planting area of conventional rice in China is 245 million mu, and that of hybrid rice is 200 million mu.
Chinese scientists have made a rare contribution to rice research in the world: Academician Yuan Longping is known as? Father of hybrid rice? Academician Zhu Yingguo has made outstanding contributions to the research of hybrid rice, and farmer Hu Daishu invented new year's ratooning rice and so on.
Scientists have successfully obtained nearly 2000 rice gene fragments by using original gene isolation technology, and developed the first rice gene chip with unique functions in China.
This modular expression sequence tagging technology (M-EST) was first proposed by the research team of Professor Li Debao from Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, and has been patented in China National Intellectual Property Administration, China.
Thousands of densely arranged molecular microarrays integrated on the chip enable people to analyze a large number of biomolecules in a short time and obtain biological information in samples quickly and accurately, and the efficiency is hundreds of times that of traditional detection methods. It is praised by some scientists as another far-reaching scientific and technological revolution after large-scale integrated circuits.