After the outbreak of avian influenza in Asia, Europe and other regions, the EU held an emergency foreign ministers' meeting in June 5438+1October 65438+August 2005. The meeting held that the spread of avian influenza from Asia to the EU is a "global threat" and requires international cooperation. 10124, the global ministerial conference on influenza prevention and the meeting of health doctors from 50 countries were held in Ottawa and Copenhagen respectively. Doctors called for the establishment of a joint action mechanism as soon as possible, closely monitoring the epidemic situation of avian influenza, and stepping up the development of vaccines to cope with the new human influenza that may break out at any time.
Health and epidemic prevention doctors from APEC members held a closed-door meeting in Australia on June 3 10 to discuss coping strategies and work out the best scheme to deal with different threat levels. 103, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam proposed to strengthen all-round cooperation and establish a command system to fight avian influenza. 165438+1On 9 October, representatives and doctors from 10 international organizations and 100 countries and regions attended the international conference on avian influenza held in Geneva. The meeting adopted action steps to guide the international community in the fight against bird flu in the future. In addition, the meeting also adopted a global action plan against avian influenza with a total amount of US$ 654.38+0 billion, aiming at funding poultry vaccination in developing countries and establishing early warning and monitoring systems.
(B) to develop contingency plans
On June/KOOC-0/65438+/KOOC-0/October/KOOC-0/day, 2005, US President Bush announced a plan to prevent and control avian influenza, which cost 70/KOOC-0/billion US dollars, of which/KOOC-0/200 million US dollars was used to purchase 20 million doses of vaccine./KOOC- The U.S. Department of Health10.2 announced the large-scale influenza prevention plan. 165438+: In case of influenza outbreak, the government will take various measures such as monitoring airline passengers, distributing antiviral drugs, and implementing the "snowy day" system in the whole community.
The Australian federal government and the New South Wales government have successively put forward "disaster plan" and emergency measures. According to the plan, the government will designate several large hospitals as "specialized hospitals for avian influenza". The government will assign professionals to isolate people who have been exposed to the epidemic. People infected with bird flu or people with suspicious symptoms can only receive treatment at home, not hospital treatment.
(3) Reserve vaccines and drugs against avian influenza.
The British Ministry of Health signed an order worth 200 million pounds to buy Tamiflu of 65.438+0.45 million. This order can meet the epidemic prevention needs of a quarter of the British population. At present, the British government is inviting vaccine manufacturers to bid for the supply of influenza vaccine.
On June 26th, 2005, French Minister of Agriculture Bussereau announced that the French government planned to increase 2,654,380,300 US dollars for the research and development of avian influenza vaccine. So far, France has spent more than 800 million dollars on this project.
In September, 2005, the US government placed a vaccine order of $654.38+600 million with French SA Company. 165438+1On October 6th, the Associated Press reported that the US government had prepared 40 million doses of drugs for the prevention and treatment of avian influenza. Japan has 654.38+0.5 billion tablets of Tamiflu. If you take two tablets a day, it will be enough for 25 million people to eat for three days. However, health officials estimate that once bird flu breaks out, 25% of Japan's population may get sick. Therefore, the Japanese government official165438+1October 10 said that it plans to increase the Tamiflu reserve to 250 million tablets in the next five years. In addition, 30 countries and regions such as Australia, France, Britain, Singapore, South Korea and Hong Kong have also ordered Tamiflu and other drugs from Roche Pharmaceutical Company of Switzerland.
Accelerate the research and development of antiviral vaccines and drugs.
Council of Europe officials plan to speed up the development of human avian influenza vaccine. To this end, European Commission officials, together with the European Medicines Agency, are preparing to speed up the approval process of vaccines in the event of an outbreak of avian influenza. In the past, it took 6-8 months from virus identification to vaccine production, but now we are trying to shorten it to a few weeks. Governments are cooperating with French SA company to develop various possible vaccines. Once a new avian influenza virus is found, the team of health doctors can approve several new vaccines within a few days.
At present, many countries have made many new progress in the research and development of avian influenza vaccine. On June 3, 2005, scientists in the United States and Japan announced that they had found a new method for producing influenza vaccine efficiently, which could be produced on a large scale in a short time, and was particularly useful for preventing and controlling new influenza viruses such as H5N 1 highly pathogenic avian influenza. 10/0 On October 27th, the European Commission announced that a research project on avian influenza funded by the European Union had made a breakthrough, and a vaccine against H5N 1 avian influenza virus was developed, which will be clinically tested next spring. 10 year 10 On October 25th, the Research Center of the National Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, Russia announced the completion of the development of avian influenza vaccine. The vaccine was developed based on virus samples provided by WHO and has been tested in humans. Australian CSL Company 65438+1October 24th announced the development of an anti-avian influenza vaccine, which has entered the human trial stage and the final result is expected to be obtained in February next year. American scientists have also developed a H5N 1 vaccine, and the preliminary test results show that it can produce immune response in healthy people. In addition, some countries and regions have also achieved success in the research and development of anti-avian influenza drugs. Taiwan Province Provincial Institute of Health announced the completion of Tamiflu research and development on June 65438+1October 2 1. Japan has started to produce its own Tamiflu; India, Israel, Thailand and Argentina all have pharmaceutical companies to study Tamiflu on their own.
Due to the situation, Roche decided to relax the patent protection of Tamiflu. In addition, Roche has agreed to donate 30 million doses of Tamiflu to WHO; 165438+1On October 7, Chen Fengfuzhen, Assistant Director-General of the World Health Organization, revealed that WHO is negotiating with Roche Pharmaceutical Group of Switzerland to establish a second Tamiflu drug depot in case of emergency.
(5) Take measures to restrict imports.
In 20051October 26th 10, USDA announced to strengthen bird quarantine. 10 year 10 25th, the European Commission announced that it would ban the import of wild birds from countries outside the EU from now until130th. Britain also suggested that the EU ban the import of wild birds from third countries. On the same day, the Veterinary Committee of the European Union approved another proposal of the European Commission to ban the import of * * * * birds, poultry and untreated feather products from Croatia where bird flu has occurred. Earlier, the European Union had announced the same ban on Turkey, Romania, Russia and Greece, where bird flu occurred. Australian Foreign Minister Donner 10 3 1 said that once H5N 1 avian influenza virus mutates into human-to-human influenza virus, Australia will consider closing its borders to people from bird flu-affected areas.
(six) the implementation of simulation exercises
On June 10, 2005, the European Commission announced that the EU planned to hold a two-day EU- wide exercise before the end of 2005 to test its ability to deal with influenza outbreaks. 165438+1On 3 October, France held a two-day simulation exercise on avian influenza epidemic prevention. On June 5438+065438+1October, 2005, the Australian government held a three-day bird flu prevention and control exercise codenamed "Lefusis". The South Korean government is also preparing to hold a similar simulation exercise to test the measures to deal with a large-scale epidemic.
According to Kyodo News Agency, the relevant departments of Miyazaki Prefecture announced on June 65438+1October 2 1 that 36 chickens died in the chicken farm in Miyazaki City, and they were positive for avian influenza after simple tests. After detailed testing, 6 chickens were confirmed to be infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus on the 22nd. In addition, 10 chickens died, accounting for 46. The relevant departments have started to cull all about 6,543,800 chickens and poultry raised in this chicken farm.
This is the second time that avian influenza has been diagnosed after the outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza in chicken farm in Lai 'an City, Shimane Prefecture in June165438+1October last year. According to the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases of Livestock, Miyazaki Prefecture decided to ban the circulation of about 5 1 chicken farm1930,000 chickens and eggs within a radius of 10 km, and will enter chicken farms to check the health status of chickens and the implementation of epidemic prevention measures.
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan in 2009, the shipment of edible chickens in Miyazaki Prefecture was about1.1.80 billion, and the income from raising chickens including eggs was 67.3 billion yen (about RMB 5.36 billion), ranking second in Japan, second only to Kagoshima Prefecture. Miyazaki Prefecture has successively set up 26 disinfection points on national roads and county roads near chicken farms infected with avian influenza to prevent the infection from expanding. General vehicles are also among the disinfection targets.
Japanese Prime Minister Naoto Kan said at the government countermeasures headquarters meeting held at his official residence: "It is very important to carry out targeted initial actions quickly and comprehensive measures will be taken."