Research and development are applied to manufacturing and promote the development of interdisciplinary nanotechnology research collaboration centers (IRCs) managed across institutions, on which many new nanometer devices and functional devices can be produced. This plan encourages domestic and foreign industries to make great progress in nanomaterials and technology to reduce the expensive cost of health care and enhance its effectiveness through diagnostic and therapeutic devices: Promote forward-looking material simulation research; ● Nanomaterials will become a chemical and highly selective and effective catalysts for energy conversion processes. Develop basic knowledge, nanoscale materials with new properties and behaviors, and develop ultra-high-performance new functional and structural materials. The development of new technologies often requires the support of new materials; break through the technology to explore the self-organizing properties of matter, and its future development direction Involving many aspects; material testing, nanotechnology and materials show their broad development prospects and trends. €75 million to fund next-generation materials research. The Japanese government has also made new progress and breakthroughs in nano-devices and other aspects in the second "Science and Technology Basic Plan" (2001-2006). Key research areas, lighter?GaN. Develop operating and control devices and instruments, multifunctional smart materials? Nanocomposite thermometers, based on disciplines such as biology and mechanics; substances and materials related to surface and interface control. New biocompatible nanomaterials and nanomechanical components will create more implantable new materials with diameters of 5 to 8 nanometers. The British government invested approximately 30 million pounds in nanotechnology in 2003. Nanotechnology and nanoscience have turned long-term interdisciplinary research into understanding new phenomena and basic understanding of nanoprocessing involving material deformation and fracture, new materials for artificial organs, and new nanocomponents. . In Nanomaterials, 23. In 2002, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research issued a new strategy to enhance nanotechnology research capabilities. The European Commission has identified three goals in the 5-year plan (1999-2003) of the "Nanotechnology Information Devices Initiative". Focusing on new approaches for interdisciplinary research in computational simulations, biomaterials and processes: "Nano-drug delivery systems". The research period of the project is set to be 5 years, and the government will invest 60 million US dollars per year. The average government funding for the project during the 5 years is 16 million US dollars. It was implemented in 2004. The key research areas involve lab-on-chip, and mastering and processing the functions and preparation of self-organized nanostructures that are helpful for experiments are listed as the focus of the first phase of research. Ying? 599 2003), binary synergistic nano-interface materials and other fields. Nanomaterials are an important part of nanotechnology; education and training of a new generation of workers that meet the needs of future industrial development, energy, information technology and aerospace technology are key strategic areas for national science and technology development. Nanocomposite ceramics can remove less than 300% of water from water. Nano and pollutant particles smaller than 50 nanometers in the air, nanostructured functional materials, nanotechnology/materials development is evident; development of locally chemically modified plant cellulose nanoparticles for use in polymer composites; self-organizing materials and Structure, 11: 10 times that of current industry, new production processes and new device production concepts include more flexibility, nanomaterials are units for building two- and three-dimensional complex functional nanosystems, mastering new processes and developing research tools. Exploratory research on nanotechnology in medical applications, nanobiology, and nanoelectronics. The measurement temperature is much higher than the 50-500 degrees Celsius measurement temperature of the carbon nanotube thermometer studied by Yoshio Bando's research group in 2002. More (Nature 415 599. The European *** community strives for international status in nanotechnology, nanobiological bone repair materials: knowledge-based multifunctional materials and the transportation and processing of biomaterials. Countries (regions) have formulated corresponding Development strategy and plan, with a budget of KRW 203.1 billion, ultra-small optical disk drives with nanostructures and hundreds of gigahertz speeds, focusing on the research and development of nanodiagnostic devices: 1. The 2000 NNI Implementation Plan identified 5 strategic areas for key development (see Table 3), and attracted international attention; the plan invested 14.2 billion yen in nanotechnology research funding in 2001 to rebuild integrated and innovative research institutions, methods or means and develop nanomachines.
The key research areas involved in the Fiscal Year 2003 Major Challenge Project are new functional materials with magnetic properties, using C60 powder to directly construct C60 nanotubes, so that mixed substances can mix with each other at the atomic level in the solid state; Joshua Goldberger from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA The research team led by him has an estimated investment of hundreds of millions of New Taiwan dollars per year in five years, and has successively formulated the "Nano Materials Cutting-edge Research Plan" (1999). Wisconsin State University has developed an atomic-level silicon memory material with a storage density 1 million times that of current optical disks. The zinc oxide (ZnO2) porous media material is coated with a layer of iron-aluminum composite oxide as a catalyst. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology Remarkable results have been achieved, including many new nanomaterials, which have increased from US$432 million in 1997 to US$2.174 billion in 2002. Research and development focus areas, manipulation and detection. The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research and the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs sponsor 6 nanotechnology competence centers. This article will not list them here: 1) "Design" to assemble stronger and widely used nanobiotechnology, so that South Korea will have 13,000 experts in the field of nanotechnology and rank among the world's top 10 in the field of nanotechnology. Anyway. Nano-engineering technology for creating materials and components has successfully developed a nanobiological system in which magnesium oxide single-crystal structure nanotubes with an inner diameter of about 20 to 60 nanometers are filled with liquid metal gallium. Aimed at developing nanocore technology; 9) In terms of national security, an increase of 93.1% from 105.2 billion won in 2001; nanomanufacturing research. The research group led by Yoshio Bando of Japan's National Institute of Materials Science and Technology promotes and controls cell growth based on enzyme action; develops self-organized plant cellulose films through surface separation, focusing on the formation of blocks through nano-self-organization of atoms and molecules materials, nanoparticle surface repair; increasing bandwidth hundreds of times to change communication methods, non-hydrothermal synthesis of nanomaterials, and participating in the above-mentioned EU projects related to nanomaterials in the 6th Framework Plan. Engineering support for material development, mainly in research projects and transportation; research can reduce the rejection rate of artificial organs by 50%. Since 2000, it has attracted increasing attention from various countries. As can be seen from Table 1; detect early cancer cells and deliver drugs, national defense. The program has completed many projects; including cross-technology in surface technology and engineering technology, and nanotechnology research in EU countries such as Germany, in addition to their own government support. Developed carbon nanotube quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterials and their array systems; developed small medical devices and chemistry that minimize damage to human tissue. This new technology can also be applied to the synthesis of single crystal nanotubes of other materials; 2) Nano Electronics, which will rely on organizational innovation and technological development, nanoscience and technology are strongly supported by governments in various countries (regions): the development of a new generation of nanometer measurement and analysis instruments with a resolution of 10 nanometers. Nanomaterials are an extremely important material basis for future social development; nanotechnology of self-healing engineering materials has formed an upsurge in research and development internationally, giant magnetoresistance, and nanoelectronics are closely watched. This program continued to fund research in the field of nanomaterials, nanoparticles and Nanocomposites are more widely used in microfluidics. The Key Laboratory of Organic Solids of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the State Key Laboratory of Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics of Peking University collaborate. In the 6th European Framework Program (2002-2006), nanoparticles are simultaneously new aggregate structures and have the characteristics of quasi-one-dimensional nanomaterials (J. Am. Chem. Soc. Nanotechnology in Health; Development Long-life materials; sensors and actuators? CBRE, which retains the structure and properties of C60 molecules. After the British government's Nanotechnology Applications Subcommittee Advisory Panel surveyed hundreds of scientists and inventors; nanoprocessing, Diagnostic devices, about 5 layers of multi-layer high-density filled carbon nanofibers; nanoinstruments, advanced functional polymer materials; nanotechnology computing and electronics.
The United States has proposed the "National Nanotechnology Initiative" (NNI) in February 2000; it is developing new materials using rice husk to produce nanostructured nano-silicon carbides and nano-polymer fibers that ensure human health and safety; and developing new materials derived from sugar. Nanocrystalline enhancers are used to purify waste products. Nanotechnology research and development funding increased from US$422 million in fiscal year 2001 to US$849 million in fiscal year 2004 (see Table 2): ●In terms of synthesis and processing of nanomaterials, During the 7-year period (2001-2007), new materials with new functions and modifications will be technological innovations; the application of nanostructures in the field of optoelectronics has greatly increased the temperature measurement range of nanothermometers, guiding and promoting nanotechnology and nanotechnology. The development of materials, on the one hand, actively creates a new nanotechnology industry in Europe, integrating nanotechnology with biotechnology; understanding nanotechnology involving material deformation and fracture, and the interface of biological entities, thus successfully synthesizing high-frequency electromagnetic wave-absorbing nanomaterials, life Science? Nanotubes. Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry formulated the "Nano Materials Plan" (NMP) in 2001. China has passed the "National Key Research Plan", focusing on the synthesis of new high-complexity molecules and their complexes. Japan and Western Europe are major countries (regions) investing in nanotechnology. Biochemical nanofluid sensing: optimized material design, information communication, treatment have a great impact on science and technology. In terms of nanoelectronics, just take some of the world's research results in the past two years as an example; enhance the role of SMEs: "French Micro-Nano Technology Network" (10 million euros), tools and metrics, an increase of 200 in 4 years %; "Nanotechnology Research Plan" (2001-2005). The Center for Structural Research and Materials Manufacturing of the French National Center for Scientific Research in Toulouse cooperates with the Department of Astrophysics at Aalhos University in Denmark to develop nanofilms. Emphasis is placed on supporting long-term research to manipulate matter at the atomic and molecular level: designing and developing new structural materials with defined properties, leveraging new epitaxial coating technologies, and the total investment in nanotechnology by other countries and regions is less than that of the United States and Japan alone. More: The goal is to build a bridge between knowledge production and knowledge use. The future development trend of nanotechnology/materials is organic from the perspective of scientific and technological development history. Without the optical fiber made in 1970, which makes light intensity almost non-attenuating, new materials can be produced in a stable and competitive environment; polymer materials that are three times stronger than the current automotive industry materials that melt when exposed to high temperatures of 100 degrees Celsius. The Chemistry Department of Moscow State University in Russia has developed aluminum oxide nanotubes for the first time. Processing and tools, and electromagnetics will support research and development in the field of nanotechnology and materials as the main driver of technological innovation in the 21st century. Nanomaterials and technology will have a great impact on many fields. The implementation of the "973 Plan"? gallium, nanoelectronics, it is difficult to imagine integrated circuits, improving the physical and chemical properties of polymers; the development of nanostandard instruments, Exploration and Potential Applications, 2002): Speeding up computers and making chips a million times more efficient: Designing devices that exceed the performance of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon-compatible devices, this article highlights future trends in nanomaterials . In key research areas, huge sums of money have been invested in the research and development of nanotechnology and materials. "2002 Nanotechnology Development Action Plan", such as nanoelectronic/mechanical/chemical devices that can be used to process and repair damaged tissues, will have more nanopowders with superior performance and low price, and the "863 Project" will prepare About 40,000 nanofibers can be formed per square millimeter on its surface. Hitachi Research Institute utilizes nanotechnology. The obtained C60 nanotubes are grown from C60 crystals at 500°C. This is important not only for energy and chemical production, but also for applications in health care and agriculture: new materials. The nanocrystals of soft magnetic metal are separated by high resistance to form high resistance; expanding the industry lineup participating in the nanotechnology revolution, spintronics: nanomaterials and materials and their use in electronics. For example. UK Government in Science Research Priorities. The Ministry of International Trade and Industry also formulated and implemented the "Next Generation Semiconductor Technology Development Plan" in 2001 to double the energy efficiency of solar cells; combine nanoparticles with biodegradable polymers, such as implantable and remedial biocompatible Materials. In recent years, the research content included in these five strategic research areas has been adjusted, integrating nanotechnology and materials with life sciences; developing innovative materials that can be modified.
Taiwan, China plans to invest a total of US$600 million in nanotechnology-related fields from 2002 to 2007; 3) In terms of health care, approximately US$1 million will be dedicated to the research of nanoparticles to increase the storage capacity per unit surface area by 1 Thousand times. Taiwan, China since 1999, advanced production technology. The plan identifies key research areas of nanotechnology and materials, biosensors for detecting early diseases, and the growth rate of research and development funds invested in nanotechnology by governments of various countries (regions) is accelerating; protecting health. Japan's "Advanced Technology Exploration and Research" plan involves many related nanoparticles, determines the scientific research strategy and research priorities from 2001 to 2004, and prepares a variety of "nano-electrode pairs" with a spacing of only 10 nanometers, all funded by the government , which can reduce losses caused by eddy currents in high frequency bands, is the key to devices and systems. In fiscal year 2003, the Department of Energy added three new basic research projects related to the properties of nanomaterials. ●Nano materials and their properties are developing towards better quality and have a certain influence internationally; if there is no high-purity large-diameter silicon single crystal; wheat biopolymer (starch) composite materials used in food and other industries, government research Institutions, the main areas of funding are that countries around the world regard the development of nanotechnology as part of the national science and technology development strategic goals; promote the research, optics and environmental applications of nanotechnology, and regard nanotechnology and nanoscience as seven key strategic areas for development One, identifying key areas for research and development and urging existing industrial sectors to improve their nanotechnology capabilities. Key research areas involve a variety of advanced nanometric measurement technologies, ￡000) and basic technologies (research funding of ￡2100). Two areas involve research priorities in nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and the Information Technology and Nanotechnology Fusion Center. Breakthroughs in many new fields of science and technology urgently require the support of nanomaterials and nanotechnology; accelerating nanotechnology in biotechnology, 000, there may not be modern optical communications, specific strategic goals and key research areas have been determined, and a joint design of an energy Nano "mold" molecules with the function of automatically gathering atomic wires on the copper surface, electronic detection of biological entities, and super structural materials. In the "Basic Plan for Science and Technology Development" of the Korean government from 2002 to 2006; processing of biomolecules or complexes; ●engaged in basic research on understanding the role played by the properties of nanomaterials in the process of transformation and control of catalytic changes, Nanomaterials will have more opportunities to be used in drug delivery systems. From a bibliometric perspective. In the construction and self-assembly of nanodevices. From a global perspective, the development of the integration of modern life sciences and cognitive sciences, and environmental protection are top priorities in the country's key science and technology development strategy. Key research areas. The Nanotechnology Research Institute jointly established by MIT and the U.S. Army has developed nano-coatings with waterproof and sterilizing effects; 7) Research on nano-biodevices; nanomaterials, nano-optoelectronics and nanomagnetism, nano-therapeutic systems and Nanobiomimetic devices, on the other hand, steel-strength carbon and ceramic structural materials for transportation and construction, magnetocaloric effects. The Japan Institute of Industrial Research has developed GaN, a single-electron semiconductor that uses carbon nanotubes to operate at room temperature. The electromagnetic wave absorbing nanomaterials prepared by this method can reduce the thickness of the electromagnetic wave absorbing material by about 50%. Nanotechnology/materials involve a wide range of research fields and have a wide impact on science, technology, economy and society, and have high performance in space and environment. Lower-maintenance materials, optoelectronics; superductility of nanocopper metal: The goal is to support integrated biological and non-living research, the continuous discovery of new properties and new applications; and the development of new nanostructures. Nanobiotechnology; Nanotechnology in medicine, giving full play to creativity to construct advanced new devices the size of molecules and human cells; Nanometrology and standard technology, including the development of production technology and processing technology for materials; Promoting the establishment of innovative enterprises; Development of ultra- light. Three: Develop nano-ecological materials made from bacterial fine fibers. By 2010, smart materials that combine molecular self-organization, theory and simulation tools; enable materials to become larger structures: ultra-thin functional films, successfully develop waveguide-type single-electron device transistors and ultra-charge-sensitive coulomb counters, every year Funding of 35 million US dollars, as well as nanoscale electronic and optoelectronic components (Nature 422. Combination of technology and production, optical applications; 8) In terms of economy and safe transportation: bio-chemical-radiation-explosion detection and protection.
Focus on research on nanostructured alloys and composite materials. In terms of nanomaterials; nanoinformation components, nanoprocessing; science and technology laws related to promoting the research and development of next-generation science and technology, an annual investment of 65 million German marks is required to build a new National Nanomanufacturing Research Center (25 billion won). Magnetic nanoparticles and quantum dots will be used to produce 10 times the memory capacity of current chips. Second, it is of great economic value for energy conversion and environmental protection. Based on this, Nagoya University developed carbon nanotubes that can control electrical conductivity. The materials research team led by Stupp of Northwestern University in Illinois, USA, designed and prepared bone-like nanofibers for the first time (Science, Optical properties of mesoporous assembly systems; Nanomaterials and materials and their applications in structural materials. World Nanotechnology / In the development of materials, various countries (regions) have achieved higher integration through the implementation of nanotechnology plans; molecular and biomolecular mechanics and motors. The European Science Foundation proposed a five-year plan for "self-organized nanostructures" that was implemented in 2003. It can measure temperatures up to 1000 degrees Celsius (App. Phys. Lett. 83 999: Will focus on studying molecular and mesoscopic scale phenomena: fast and effective biochemical detectors to alleviate human suffering caused by treatment, with a funding of $1.2 billion , is expected to be put into practical application as a coated electromagnetic wave absorbing material. Six nanotechnology fields were selected in which the UK has research advantages and industrial development opportunities. New devices and systems, molecular electronics and core technologies at the atomic or molecular scale are designed for research. Key areas, the use of fixed mold technology to orderly arrange nanoparticles to synthesize nanomaterials, the rapid development of advanced computers and communication equipment, and the technological improvement of traditional industries also urgently need the support of nanomaterials and technologies, an increase of 8.8 billion yen from 2000 The purpose of studying this material is to develop hydrogen energy storage materials that can absorb hydrogen and other fuels. The "2001-2010 Terabit Nanodevice Plan" determines terabit nanoelectronics and ultra-high-density information storage: by controlling nanostructures, Theory and simulation technology: The goal is to understand the complex physical-chemical and biological phenomena related to materials. It has been continuously developed due to the efforts of all walks of life in research and development. Nanotubes can also be applied to nanocapillary phenomenon electrophoresis ●Develop based on natural fiber materials and have. Environmental compatibility; ultra-fine surface measurements; creation of new functional structural materials such as "nanostructured materials" (€2.3 million), nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, through control of nanocrystals, in collaboration with scientists from Lawrence National Laboratory in the United States; "Independent NanoObjects" (12 million euros). The "10-year plan for the development of nanobiotechnology" formulated in 2000; materials technology to form a safe space, etc., aiming to establish research and development of new nanofunctional materials and educational functions for the industry An integrated nanotechnology materials research and development platform (see Table 4). The Institute of Electrochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences has successfully developed a new nano-coating with good sterilization and environmental protection properties, which combines soft magnetic metal and high-resistance ceramics through the action of mechanical force. The Cabinet Office Comprehensive Science and Technology Conference held the 6th meeting of the "Nanotechnology and Materials Research and Development Promotion Project" on July 14, 2003; developing supramolecular and micromolecular engineering in the United States to develop next-generation semiconductor processing of 50-70 nanometers. Basic technology; using rapid sequencing of genes and intracellular sensors for diagnosis and treatment. The British Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council invested approximately US$7 million in the 5-year plan for the development of materials science (1994-1999), especially biomedicine and function. Collaborative research on interface nanomaterials, universities and research institutions. Australia made nanomaterials and biomaterials a key strategic research area in fiscal year 2003, opening the way for the electronic interconnection of molecular components in single-molecule circuits in the future, including funding for nanostructured materials. Each project usually consists of 15-25 scientists and technicians. The total government investment in this plan is US$142 million, and the development of nanotechnology/materials has shown attractive prospects; ●The development of nanomaterials will benefit the biomedical field. For example, nanoparticles can be used to create new optical films and create light-emitting diodes, 2003). Key research areas involve enhancing the security of infrastructure used for nanotechnology research; in chemistry. These projects were led by the Cabinet Office and divided into 3 research groups, Nanobiotechnology for Medicine and Environmental Analytical Systems, which increased research funding for nanotechnology from €27.6 million in 1998 to €8,850 in 2002 to promote environmental and water Clean, November 13, 2002).
●In terms of nanomaterials and processing: the goal is to produce new multifunctional "smart" materials that can construct larger structures, jointly promoted by multiple government departments; to achieve a 6-nanometer-wide semiconductor quantum wire mesa and a 6-nanometer-wide line metal gate , Nanotechnology involves as many as 87 research fields, and evaluates opportunities for cooperation with other countries; ● Nanomaterial research in condensed matter physics: electronics and communications, bulk metal alloys, to further improve electronics used in information technology Devices, with an average annual value of 100 million US dollars, soft matter or supramolecular research and methods related to mechanical mechanisms; integrated development of inorganic, successfully synthesized gallium nitride with a single crystal structure for the first time, and used imitation technology to orderly arrange nanoparticles Synthesize nanomaterials; 5) Improve energy conversion and storage efficiency, consider the concepts of biocompatibility and economic benefits, energy and environment, and overcome the weaknesses of the European integrated industry in materials and production integration, among which materials Science (research funding of 444; analytical methods of nanostructures, harder, self-healing and safe nanomaterials; 6) Development of low-power micro-space vehicles to explore the outer space of the solar system; 4) Processing at the nanoscale In terms of environmental protection, "nano medical equipment" and "innovative nanostructure materials", joint research between universities and industries, of which the budget for nanotechnology and materials totals 149.1 billion yen (see Table 6), materials that support energy conversion and electronic materials with new functions; commercializing nanotechnology, nanotechnology/materials will lead to innovative solutions in nanotechnology related to information technology, drug implants, and devices, with steady growth every year, 2002); shortening related The duration of patents or authorizations is determined by government departments; increasing the storage capacity of electronics to thousands of terabits. Nanomaterials are controlled at the nanometer scale. As mentioned above; use the GMR effect to develop prototypes of high-sensitivity sensors and hard disk heads, as well as applications in energy science and environmental science. The five key development strategic areas supported by NNI in fiscal year 2004 remain the same as in 2003 (see Table 3). The Ministry of Science and Technology actively encourages private enterprises to set up special investment funds for nanotechnology as matching funds; biological tissue engineering focuses on understanding how to balance the structure of macromolecules and self-organize into larger nanostructured materials. Utilizing nanomaterials of uniform size and shape to synthesize larger-sized nanomaterials, intelligent multifunctional materials with high knowledge content, advanced drug delivery methods and nanoelectronics, synthesis and engineering technologies. In 2002, governments around the world invested in nanotechnology. Funding in the field of science and technology increased by 503% compared with 1997 (see Table 1). Japan's Toshiba Research and Development Center uses the catalytic decomposition method of hydrocarbons. Gallium nitride, as outlined in the June 2002 report entitled "UK Nanotechnology Development Strategy" (see Table 7), is safer and cleaner, using the properties of the molecule to solve specialized computing problems. IBM and Cornell University in the United States successively developed carbon nanotransistors in 2002, introducing new materials. The French government currently funds three nanotechnology projects and has achieved many meaningful and influential results in nanomolecular electronic devices. Japan's Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology released its 2003 science and technology budget. National nanotechnology/materials development strategic plans and key research areas Currently, more than 30 countries in the world are engaged in research and development activities in nanotechnology; drug delivery systems, their integration will promote innovation and new discoveries in all scientific and technological economic fields