At the 1900 Paris Olympics, sailing became an Olympic event and a time handicap system was implemented. Since then the racing formats and levels of sailing have continued to change, and the boats have continued to improve. Olympic sailing competitions are now divided into a number of standard classes based on the weight and size of participating boats.
Sailing is one of the water sports. Sailing racing is a sport in which athletes drive sailboats to compete in speed within a prescribed venue.
In sailing, athletes rely on the natural wind force on the sails to drive the ship forward. It is a sports event that integrates competition, entertainment, viewing, and adventure. It has high ornamental value and is loved by people.
Modern sailing has become one of the most popular and popular sports activities in coastal countries and regions around the world. It is also an important part of sports and cultural exchanges between people of all countries.
Regularly engaging in sailing sports can enhance your physical fitness and exercise your will. Especially in the unpredictable weather and the constant changes of waves, meteorological and hydrological conditions, fighting against the wind and waves can cultivate the fighting spirit to defeat nature and challenge oneself.
1. The origin and evolution of sailing boats
Sailboats originated in Europe, and their history can be traced back to ancient times. Sailing boats are a testimony of mankind's struggle against nature. The history of sailing boats is as long as the history of human civilization.
As a sport, the earliest written records of sailing can be found in the works of the ancient Roman poet Virgil more than 1900 years ago. By the 13th century, Venice began to hold regular sailing competitions. At that time, there were no uniform specifications and classes for the racing boats.
Sailing originated in the Netherlands. In ancient times, the Netherlands had a very low terrain, so many canals were dug, and people generally used small sailing boats for transportation or fishing. This kind of boat is made of a single tree or made of wooden rafts and bamboo rafts. It is the earliest sailing boat in the world.
In 1662, the King of England organized a sailing race between Britain and the Netherlands. The race route was from Greenwich to Gleusander and then to Greenwich. This was one of the earlier large-scale sailing races.
In the 18th century, sailing clubs and sailing associations were born one after another. Around 1720, Britain, the United States, Sweden, Germany, France, Russia and other countries successively established sailing clubs or sailing racing associations, and large-scale sailing competitions were often held between countries. For example, in 1870, the United States and Britain held the first famous cross-Atlantic "America's Cup" sailing competition. The first large-scale world sailing regatta was held in 1900.
In 1906, B. Smith and Sisk Stein of the United Kingdom made a special trip to European and American countries to discuss with sailing leaders the levels and rules of international sailing competitions, and proposed the establishment of the International Sailing Racing Federation. In 1907, the world's first international sailing organization, the International Sailing Federation, was formally established. The full name of International Sailing Federation is International Sailing Federation, referred to as "ISAF". ISAF is one of the largest individual sports federations in the world, with 122 member countries (or regions) and jurisdiction over 81 sailing classes. ISAF has the International Federation of Disabled Sailing (IFDS), which is engaged in sailing for people with disabilities.
There are currently 9 levels and 11 projects in the Olympic Games. The current chairman of ISAF is Goran Petersson of Sweden.
China Sailing and Windsurfing Association, referred to as "China Sailing Association". The full English name is CHINESE YACHTING ASSOCIATION, abbreviated as "CYA". The Chinese Sailing Association is a national sports association recognized by the Chinese Olympic Committee and a national mass sports organization with independent legal personality. The China Sailing Association is the leading organization for sailing and windsurfing in the country and the only legal organization that represents China in international sailing organizations.
2. The origin and evolution of windsurfing
Windsurfing is an emerging water sport between sailing and surfing. Windsurfing consists of a board body with a stabilizing board. , composed of a universal jointed mast, sail and sail pole.
Athletes use the natural wind blowing on the sail to stand on the board and control the sail through the sail pole to make the sailboard generate movement speed and drive on the water by changing the wind center of the sail and the center of gravity of the board. position for steering.
The windsurfing equipment has a simple structure and low cost. A "flat boat" travels at high speed in the blue sea and sky. It has many ways to play and is fascinating. It makes people feel like returning to nature. It is an activity that people will never forget. Tired of exercise.
When participating in sailing, athletes are always fighting against the wind and waves, which can hone their will and enable the comprehensive development of physical strength, endurance, balance and agility.
Windsurfing is a level of competition in the Olympic Games.
Windsurfing originated in the Hawaiian Islands, the world's surfing resort, in the late 1960s.
In 1967, an elongated surfboard with a rotating mast appeared in the Marina Bay Harbor in California, USA, and was favored by teenagers. Later, it gradually formed a sport and was widely carried out in European and American countries. The first World Windsurfing Championships were held in 1974, and the International Windsurfing Association holds several international competitions every year.
In 1981, windsurfing was accepted as a member of the Olympic family as a class of sailing. In 1984, windsurfing was listed as an official event for the first time in the Los Angeles Olympics.
All large-scale comprehensive sailing events have windsurfing competitions, and regular professional series are held around the world every year.
3. History of Olympic Sailing Development
In 1896, sailing was listed as an official competition event in the first Olympic Games. However, due to bad weather conditions, the sailing competition in the first Olympic Games was not held. Can be held. The 2nd Olympic Games were held in Paris, France in 1900, with seven levels of sailing competition being held. Except for the 3rd Olympic Games held in St. Louis, USA, which did not have a sailing competition, the other Olympic Games have them.
Starting from the 4th Olympic Games in 1908, boats were classified by length. Before the 9th Olympic Games, boats were classified by weight or length, such as the class below 0.5 tons, the class below 0.5~1 ton, and the 12-meter class. , 8-meter type, etc. In the early Olympic Games, the boat type was not fixed. The competition is now strictly divided according to class, and boats with similar weight and size are classified into the same competition class.
As competition levels continue to change, boats continue to improve. The advent of fiberglass reduced the cost of boat construction and improved the craftsmanship. Light and small sailboats gradually replaced old sailboats. In the competition levels specified by the Olympic Games, small sailing boats will gradually replace large sailing boats. In 1976, at the 21st Olympic Games, all six levels of competition were changed to sailing boats with lighter hulls. The 25th Barcelona Olympic Games has the most competition levels, with 10 levels for men and women.
Currently, Olympic sailing competitions use the Olympic trapezoidal route or the headwind and tailwind routes. Sailing was originally a mixed event for men and women. Since the 1988 Olympic Games, separate events for men and women have been opened. The women's 470-level competition was established at the 1988 Seoul Olympics. In 2004, the Solin class was deleted from the men's Olympic events and replaced by the women's Eagle Bell class.
In the 28th Olympic Games in 2004, there were men's Mistra class windsurfing, women's Mistra class windsurfing, Finn class, laser class, men's 470 class, women's 470 class, and 49er class. , Tornado level, star level, European level, Eagle Bell level 11 events, a total of 400 athletes participated in the competition. A maximum of 1 boat per association can participate in each event.
The sailing competition of the 2004 Athens Olympics has 11 events, including 4 events for men and 4 events for women. The other 3 events are "open", that is, male and female athletes can compete at the same time. Participate in competitions.
The rapid development of windsurfing has attracted great attention from international sports organizations. The 23rd Olympic Games in 1984 included a windsurfing event, and the 25th Olympic Games in 1992 included two windsurfing events for men and women. Since the 23rd Olympic Games, the windsurfing event has been divided into four levels. Neil Pryde RS:X will be a new windsurfing level in the 29th Beijing Olympics, with two events for men and women respectively.
The sailing events of the 29th Olympic Games include 11 competitions in 9 levels.
Men
NP RS: Class X
Windsurfing
Class 470
Men's Double Boat
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Laser Class
Men's Single Boat
Stars
Men's Keel Boat
Women's
< p>NP RS: Class >Women's Single Boat
Eagle Bell Class
Women's Keel Boat
Open
49-person Class
Speed ??boat
Tonado class
Catamaran
Finn class
Heavyweight boat