Is the determination of patent infringement based on independent claims? How to reflect the protection effect of subordinate claims?

The judgment of patent infringement is not necessarily based on independent claims, but more on subordinate claims in practice. The purpose of this is that when the infringer initiates a request for invalidation of the patent right as a protest, the patent right can be partially valid by amending the patent right. To put it bluntly, dependent claims are like several lines of defense on the periphery of a fortress, which can be retreated layer by layer when attacked, and independent claims are the center of the fortress to protect.