Commonly used are water gauge and water level gauge. The water gauge is a traditional and effective direct observation device. During actual measurement, the water level is obtained by adding the reading on the water gauge to the zero point elevation of the water gauge. The water level gauge is an instrument made by using principles such as float, pressure and sound waves to provide information on the rise and fall of the water surface. The water level gauge can directly draw the water level change process line. The water level process line recorded by the water level gauge should be checked using the records of other items observed at the same time.
Water gauges and water level gauges are set up in locations where the river is straight, the cross-section is regular, the water flow is stable, there are no diversions, diagonal flows, and no obstacles from rocks; generally avoid piers, shipyards, and other places that may hinder observation work. The place where a large amount of industrial wastewater and urban sewage are discharged makes the measured water level and the data of other items observed at the same time representative and accurate; in order to stabilize the relationship between water level and flow, the influence of changing backwater and the upstream and downstream are generally avoided. Impacts of dam building, water diversion, etc.
Monitoring center: Main hardware: server, client, mobile data line or GPRS data transmission module DATA-6123. Main software: operating system software, database software, water level monitoring system software, firewall software.
Communication network: INTERNET public network + China Mobile GPRS network.
Terminal equipment: micro-power measurement and control terminal DATA-6216, mains power supply, solar power supply, and battery power supply are optional.
Measuring equipment: water level gauge or water level transmitter.
Extended information:
Observation time and number of measurements
The time and number of water level observations must be arranged so that the measured data can reflect the water level within a day The changing process must meet the needs of hydrological information forecasting. Observe 1 to 2 times a day when the water is flat. When there are phenomena such as flooding, icing, drifting (ice drifting), ice accumulation, ice dams, and ice and snow melt water replenishing rivers, increase the number of observations to obtain complete data on the water level change process.
Water level data is closely related to human life, production and construction. The planning, design, construction and management of water conservancy projects all require water level data; other engineering construction such as waterways, bridges, docks, ports, water supply, drainage, etc. also need water level data.
In flood control and drought relief, water level is the basis for hydrological information and hydrological forecasting. Water level data is the necessary basis for establishing the relationship between water level and flow and estimating the flow change process, water surface specific drop, etc. In sediment tests and observations of water temperature, ice conditions, and water quality, water level is an important symbol for understanding changes in water flow.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia-Water Level Observation