Since ancient times, the Great Wall has been built under the "national system". "My husband is better than Qin Shihuang, and his armor is four hundred thousand. He can't see Hexi, but he built the Great Wall to divide it. " "Variable capital" is 400,000. What is "constant capital"? From the Qin Dynasty, the Han and Sui Dynasties and the Northern Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou Dynasties in the middle were all built, and they caught up again in the Ming Dynasty, once again creating the climax of building the Great Wall. The Great Wall of the Ming Dynasty still exists in the world. The "national system" is often associated with authoritarian regimes. Building the Great Wall with the "national system" has something to do with the emperor. When people talk about a promising monarch in history, they often quote "Qin Huang Hanwu" and "Tang Zong Song Zu" in Mao Zedong's poems. On the issue of building the Great Wall, "Qin Huang" and "Hanwu" are active promoters. As for "Song Zu", its territory is not as good as Youyan, and there is no danger to lean on. But dug some "underground Great Wall". It is Tang Zong, who is unique in building the Great Wall.
Because the Great Wall is the "reserved project" of the emperor, praising the Great Wall has become the "patent" of officials. Only intellectuals as social conscience are the main groups that criticize and belittle the Great Wall. Hu Ceng's poem "The Great Wall" said: "Zushun Zongyao brought peace. What did he suffer? I don't know if the disaster started from the small city wall, but I have established a virtual defense against Licheng, thousands of households. " William Wang's famous "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" includes: "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, there are many white bones on the Great Wall Road. Ask a generation of old people that the cloud is a pawn. " Generally represents the voice of public opinion.
In fact, not all scholars who belittle the Great Wall are against it. At least two emperors held the same position. Li Shimin of Emperor Taizong, known as "Tiankhan", is one of them. The Tang Dynasty was built on the ruins of the Sui Dynasty. At the beginning of Li Shimin, in view of Emperor Yangdi Yang Guang's "prosperous population, building the Great Wall in the north, Yulin in the west and Hezi in the east, stretching for more than a thousand miles, and too many people died", Li Shimin warned his subordinates: "Yang Di is not allowed.
It can be seen that Li Shimin did not regard the Great Wall as a great symbol of the Chinese nation, and his evaluation of the role and significance of the Great Wall was not positive. In the second year of Guan Zhen, the Turks repeatedly committed crimes and the incident was sharp. In view of the historical experience of defending Huns since Qin and Han Dynasties, more than one court official advised them to "please repair the ancient Great Wall" more than once. Li Shimin believes that "we must clear the desert for the public and repair obstacles with labor and people!"
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In his view, eliminating foreign invaders, eliminating border troubles, building peace and building the Great Wall are not the right choices. He said to his ministers, "I appointed Li Shijie as the guest, so that the Turks can leave with fear of power and the city walls will be quiet. Isn't it better to build the Great Wall than far away? " Appoint Li Ji who values "talents"; In order to avoid "wasting people's money", he values "people's hearts". In his view, compared with the Great Wall, talents and people's hearts play a more powerful and lasting role. In fact, after Zhenguan and Kaiyuan, the Tang regime became the most open and powerful country in the world at that time. A grand occasion
In China, another leader who belittled the Great Wall was Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. In the Qing dynasty, the Eight Banners cavalry climbed over the wall to seize the obstacles, which more directly realized the defensive function of the Great Wall. In May of the thirtieth year of Kangxi, the company commander Cai Yuan reported that the side wall of the Great Wall in Gubeikou area collapsed in many places, so please build it. Relevant departments "intend to agree" and report for instructions. Emperor Kangxi immediately issued a "imperial edict": "Since Qin built the Great Wall, Han, Tang and Tang dynasties have built it again and again. Was there any trouble at that time? At the end of the Ming Dynasty, soldiers from Mao Zedong came and all the roads collapsed, so they dared not do it.
It can be seen that the way to defend the country, in Xiu De, people live and work in peace and contentment, and the so-called purpose is the same. Today, I need to repair the labor. Can it be harmless to people? And the Great Wall stretches for thousands of miles, so that we can keep it? According to Emperor Kangxi, the security of a country cannot depend on a certain "security facility", even the Great Wall of Wan Li in China or the "NMD" or "TMD" in the United States.
Although "people are the foundation of the country" in the imperial edict of Kangxi can't be compared with "democratic politics", it belongs to the essence of traditional culture after all. "The way to defend the country" is "the peaceful people of Xiu De"; "Unity is strength" means "self-consolidation of borders"; Can you work hard without hurting people? "People are happy, so the country is rich and the people are strong." As a Manchu emperor, it is extremely rare to have such an opinion. That's not true. Emperor Kangxi once wrote a poem satirizing the Great Wall: "Wan Li rushes into the sea, one after another. At that time, all efforts were human efforts, and the world never belonged to your family. " Not to mention that Emperor Taizong and Qing Shengzu attached equal importance to people's hearts and talents. They all developed the national conditions, territory and cultural prosperity in the history of China. Not to mention how they annexed Wan Li. This is beyond the times, and history and times may not be comparable. But they hid behind the old city wall and peeped at the scenery outside the wall in fear, so they were self-sufficient.
The Great Wall is majestic and windy. The ancient Great Wall of Wan Li, which stretches for thousands of years, has witnessed the vicissitudes of history. As a material existence, the Great Wall has experienced grandeur and broken walls. As a historical existence, the Great Wall has experienced the change of the iron and dynasty in Kingoma. As a cultural existence, the Great Wall has experienced the blockade of approval and opposition, as well as the long wind in the desert. For thousands of years, the Great Wall has become a symbol in the hearts of China people. The unity and division, opening and closing, development and maintenance, the land of China and foreign countries, civilization and ignorance contained in it are far beyond the bearing capacity of this masonry building. As an inanimate object between heaven and earth, all disputes and disputes about this material, historical and cultural relic, whether praised or criticized, seem to be because people have endowed it with too many souls and feelings.