When was the computer born?

Computer evolution from 1642 to 1643, Blaise Pascalene invented the gear-operated adder, which was the first mechanical adder to help the tax collector's father. 1666, Samuel Moran of England invented a mechanical counting machine which can calculate addend and subtraction. 167 1 year, the famous German mathematician G.W. Leibniz made the first mechanical computer capable of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. 1673, gottfried leibniz made a counter with stepped cylindrical wheel, which was called "ladder calculator". This calculator can multiply repeated numbers and automatically add them to the adder. 1694, German mathematician gottfried leibniz improved Pascal's Pascal, and made a machine that can calculate multipliers. It is still operated by gears and dials. 1773, Philip matthaeus manufactured and sold a small number of computers accurate to 12 digits. 1775, the third earl of Stanhope invented a multiplication calculator similar to Leibniz. In 1786, J.H.Mueller designed a differential extension, but unfortunately there was no money to manufacture it. 180 1 year, Joseph-Marie jacquard's loom used punch cards to control the knitting pattern. 1854, george boole published "Investigation of Thought Laws", which talked about symbols and logical reasoning, and later became the basic concept of computer design. 1858, a telegraph line crossed the Atlantic for the first time and provided service for several days. 186 1 year, a transcontinental telegraph line connects the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone and obtained a patent. From 1876 to 1878, Baron Kelvin made the overtone analyzer and tidal forecasting machine. 1882, William S. Burroughs quit his job as a bank clerk and devoted himself to inventing the adder. 1889, herman hollerith's electric tabulator performed well in the competition and was used in the population survey of 1890. Herman hollerith adopted the concept of jacquard loom to calculate. He used a card to store data and then injected it into the machine to compile the results. This machine enables the results of the population survey to be obtained in just six weeks, which takes ten years. 1893, invented the first four-function calculator. Old computer 1895, Guillermo Marconi transmits broadcast signal. 1896, Horace founded the watchmaking company. 1908, the British scientist Campbell Swinton described the electronic scanning method and predicted the manufacture of TV sets with cathode ray tubes. 19 1 1 year, Hollerith's watch machine company merged with two other companies to form the computer watchmaking and recording company (C-T-R), a watchmaking and recording company. But in 1924, it was renamed International Business Machines Corporation (IBM). 19 1 1 year, Dutch physicist Kamerlingh Onnes discovered superconductivity at Leiden University. 193 1 year, Fannie Bush invented a counting machine that can solve the difference program. This machine can solve some complicated difference programs that are a headache for mathematicians and scientists. 1935, IBM (international business machine) introduced "IBM 60 1", which is a punch card machine with arithmetic components, and can calculate the multiplier within 1 second. It plays a great role in scientific computing and commercial computing. A total of 1500 units were manufactured. 1937, alan turing put forward the concept of "universal machine ()", which can execute any algorithm and form the basic concept of "computability". Turing's concept is superior to other inventions of the same type because he uses symbol concept. 10 In October, John Vincent Atansov and john berry made a 16-bit adder. This is the first machine to calculate with vacuum tubes. 1939, Zuse and Schreyer created "V2" (later called Z2), which followed the mechanical storage of Z 1 and added a new arithmetic component by using relay logic. But when Zuze finished the draft, the plan was suspended for a year. Scientific calculator 1946, the first official computer "Eniac" was born in the United States, but it consumed a lot of electricity. 1959, the first small scientific calculator IBM620 was successfully developed. 1960, the data processing system IBM 140 1 was successfully developed. 196 1 year, the programming language COBOL came out. 196 1 year, the first platform system computer was designed by MIT. 1963, the BASIC language came out. 1964, the third generation computer IBM360 series. 1965, American digital equipment company launched the first minicomputer PDP-8. From 65438 to 0969, IBM successfully developed 90-column card machine and system-3 computer system. 1970, IBM system 1370 computer series. 197 1 year, the unIVersity of Illinois designed and completed the ilium iv supercomputer. 197 1 year, the first microprocessor 4004 was successfully developed by Intel. From 65438 to 0972, microprocessor substrates began to be produced and sold in large quantities. 1973, IBM successfully developed the first floppy disk. 1975, Atari-8800 microcomputer came out. 1977, Modol company announced the successful development of the fully combined microcomputer PET-200 1. 1977, TRS——80 microcomputer was born. 1977, the Apple-II microcomputer was born. From 65438 to 0978, VLSI was applied. 1978, bubble memory was used in commercial computers for the second time. 1979, Sharp announced that it had made the first portable microcomputer. From 65438 to 0982, microcomputers became popular and entered schools and families in large numbers. From 65438 to 0984, the Japanese computer industry began to develop the "fifth generation computer"-a computer with artificial intelligence. 1984: DNS (domain name server) announced that there are more than 1000 hosts running on the Internet. 1984: HP has released an excellent laser printer, and HP has maintained the leading technology of inkjet printers. 1984 65438+1October: Apple releases Macintosh. Based on Motorola 68000 microprocessor. 16M can be addressed. 1August, 984: released by MS-DOS 3.0, PC-DOS 3.0 and IBM AT, adopting ISA standard, supporting large hard disk and 1.2M high-density floppy drive. 1September, 1984: Apple released a Macintosh with 5 12Kb memory, and there was no improvement in other aspects. 1end of 984: Compaq began to develop IDE interface, which can transmit data at a faster speed and has been adopted by many peers. Later, EIDE was further introduced, which can support drives up to 528MB. Data transmission is also faster. 1985: Philips and Sony jointly launch optical drives. 1985: EGA standard comes out. 1March 985: MS-DOS 3. 1, PC-DOS 3. 1. This is the first DOS version that provides partial network function support. 1985101October 17: 80386 DX was launched. The clock frequency reaches 33MHz, which can address 1GB memory. There are more instructions than 286. 6 million instructions per second, integrating 275,000 transistors. 1985165438+1October: released by Microsoft Windows. But it has not been widely used in its version 3.0. Need DOS support, similar to Apple's operating interface, so that it was sued by Apple. The lawsuit was not terminated until August 1997. 1985 65438+ February: MS-DOS 3.2, PC-DOS 3.2. This is the first system that supports 3.5-inch disks. But only 720KB is supported. Only version 3.3 can support 1.44 megabytes. 1986 65438+1October: Apple releases high-performance Macintosh. There are 4 megabytes of memory and SCSI adapters. 1September 1986: Amstrad announced the release of a cheap and powerful computer, Amstrad PC 15 12. Equipped with CGA graphics adapter, 5 12KB memory, 8086 processor and 20mm hard disk. Using mouse and graphical user interface, the design is family-oriented. Mouse 1987: release of the connecting machine supercomputer. 200 million operations per second using parallel processing. 1987: Microsoft Windows 2.0 was released, which was more successful than the first version, but it didn't improve much. 1987: The British mathematician Michael F. barnsley discovered the method of graphic compression. 1987: Macintosh II released, based on Motorola 68020 processor. Clock 16MHz, 2.6 million instructions per second. There is a SCSI adapter and a color adapter. 1April 2, 987: IBM launches PS/2 system. Originally based on 8086 processor and old XT bus. Later, it transitioned to 80386 and began to use 3.5 inch 1.44MB floppy drive. Microchannel technology has been introduced, and this series of models has achieved great success. Shipments reached 2 million units. 1987: IBM released VGA technology. 1987: IBM processor 8514/a.1April 987: MS-DOS, supporting 1.44MB drive and hard disk partition. Hard disk can be divided into multiple logical drives. April 1987: Microsoft and IBM release S/2Warp operating system. But it has not achieved much success. August 1987: Temporary sound card released. The product of a Canadian company. 19871October: Compaq DOS (CPQ-DOS) v3.3 1 released. The supported hard disk partition is larger than 32Mb. 1988: Optical computer put into development. Replacing electrons with photons can improve the processing speed of computers. 1988: establishment of xms standard. 1988: establishment of eisa standard. On June 6th, 1988: 80386 SX was released to meet the demand of low-cost computers. July to August of 1988: PC-DOS 4.0 and MS-DOS 4.0. Support memory. However, due to bugs, 4.0 1a was introduced one after another. 1September, 988: IBM PS/20 286 was released, based on 80286 processor, without using its microchannel bus. But other machines continue to use this bus. 19881October: Macintosh Iix released. Based on Motorola 68030 processor. It still uses the main frequency of 16 MHz, with 3.9 million instructions per second, and supports128 RAM. 1988165438+1October: MS-DOS 4.0 1, PC-DOS 4.0 1 released. 1989: Tim Berners Lee founded the prototype of the World Wide Web. He works at the European Institute of Physical Particles. Novices can also browse the Internet easily through hypertext links. This has greatly promoted the development of the Internet. 1989: Philips and Sony released CD-I standard. 1989 65438+1October: Macintosh SE/30 released. Based on the new 68030 processor. 1March, 989: E-IDE standard was established, which can support hard disk capacity above 528MB. The transmission speed can reach 33.3 MB/s, and it is adopted by many optical disks. 1989 April 10: 80486 DX released, integrating1.2000 transistors. The clock frequency of its subsequent models reaches 100MHz. 1989165438+1October: the sound blaster card was released. 1990: Establishment of SVGA standard. 1March, 990: Macintosh Iifx released, based on 68030CPU, clocked at 40MHz, using faster SCSI interface. 1May 22, 990: Microsoft released Windows 3.0. Compatible with MS-DOS mode. 1990 10 month: released by Macintosh Classic, and the display card supports 256 colors. 1990165438+1October: the first generation of MPC (multimedia personal computer standard) was released. The processor was at least 80286/ 12MHz, and later it was increased to 80386SX/ 16 MHz, and the transmission rate of the optical drive was at least 150 KB/ sec. 1939-40, Schlayer completed his memory with a true adder and neon lights. 1940 65438+ 10, Samuel bell laboratory). It uses telephone switch as logic element: electrical appliance, 10 bar switch. Numbers are represented by "plus 3BCD". In September of the same year, the teletypewriter was installed at a math conference and brought to New york by New.