The invention of the steam engine, slides, PPT

In p>1764, the school asked Watt to repair a Newgate steam engine. During the repair, Watt became familiar with the structure and principle of the steam engine, and found two major shortcomings of this steam engine: the piston action was discontinuous and slow; Low steam utilization rate and waste of raw materials. Later, Watt began to think about ways to improve. It was not until the spring of 1765, when walking, that Watt thought that since the low thermal efficiency of Newcomen steam engine was caused by the condensation of steam in the cylinder, why not let the steam condense outside the cylinder? Watt came up with the original idea of using a separate condenser. After producing this idea, Watt designed a steam engine with a separate condenser in the same year. According to the design, there is a regulating valve between the condenser and the cylinder, so that they can be connected and separated. In this way, the steam after working can be introduced into the condenser outside the cylinder, and the same vacuum can be generated in the cylinder, thus avoiding the heat consumption of the cylinder in the process of cooling and heating. According to Watt's theory, the thermal efficiency of this new steam engine will be three times that of Newcomen steam engine. Theoretically, Watt's steam engine with separator condenser is obviously superior to Newcomen's steam engine. However, there is still a long way to go to turn theoretical things into practical things and the steam engine on the drawing into a real steam engine. Watt worked hard to build several steam engines, but the effect was not as good as Newcomen's steam engine, and even it leaked everywhere and could not be started. Although the costly experiment left him in debt, he didn't flinch in the face of difficulties and went on with the experiment. When Blake knew Watt's goal and difficult situation, he introduced Watt to a very rich friend-roebuck, a chemical technician. At that time, roebuck was a very wealthy entrepreneur. He opened the first large-scale ironmaking plant in Kalon, Scotland. Although roebuck was nearly 5 years old at that time, he was still enthusiastic about the new inventions of science and technology. He was very appreciative of Watt's new device, which was only in his thirties at that time, and immediately signed a contract with Watt to sponsor Watt's trial production of a new steam engine. From 1766, in more than three years, Watt overcame the difficulties in materials and technology, and finally made the first prototype in 1769. In the same year, Watt won his first patent in the process of innovating Newcomen steam engine for inventing condenser. Although the first steam engine with condenser was successfully trial-produced, compared with the Newcomen steam engine, it has not made substantial progress in driving the performance of other working machines as a power machine except that the thermal efficiency has been significantly improved. That is to say, Watt's steam engine still can't be used as a real power machine. .