Chen Shou of the Jin Dynasty wrote in the History of the Three Kingdoms? Shu Wei? Wang Changchuan said:? Saving the cold is not like paying attention to petticoats, and stopping slander is not like self-study. ? Nothing can resist the cold better than a thick fur coat.
In the Paleolithic Age, the ancients learned to drill wood for fire and slowly learned to cook with fire to keep warm. With the development of society, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, it was very popular for ordinary people to wear paper clothes to keep warm. This paper coat is not ordinary paper. It is made of a kind of bark paper, which has strong tensile force, wear resistance, relatively cheap cost and is particularly thick. It is a good choice for ordinary people to keep out the cold in winter. Besides paper clothes, ordinary people can also use linen clothes to keep warm. Those dignitaries are different. They have money and can afford all kinds of coats made of animal fur, such as mink coats and wolf coats. The second one is a dog skin coat. No matter what kind of fur, the warmth retention effect is much better than linen and paper clothes.
Book of rites? Jade algae record:? For cocoon, for robe, for Zen, for silk pleats? Cotton robe is one of the main winter clothes of ancient people to keep out the cold in winter, and it is also worn for the longest time.
The robe was originally a kind of thermal underwear. The upper and lower skirts are integrated into a long dress with two layers, an inner layer and an outer layer. The interlayer is filled with soft and warm fillers, not cotton, but some tattered old clothes, and the advanced ones are filled with cotton wool such as silk.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, winter clothes and winter gowns became popular. In the Tang Dynasty, many princes and nobles or ordinary people loved to wear robes. It was also from the Tang Dynasty emperor Li Yuan that the yellow robe became the patent of the emperor, and no one else could wear yellow.
According to Sima Qian's historical records? Biography of Huo Zhi, a metropolis with convenient transportation at that time, could sell thousands of fox fur and mink clothes and thousands of sheepskin furs a year. It is worth noting that in addition to fur goods imported through the Silk Road, there are many processed garments used for tribute.
We all know that there was the Silk Road in ancient times. Through the circulation and exchange of the Silk Road, China can obtain some commodities such as skins of ancient Huns, Indians and Romans, and also enrich the ancient people's choice of keeping out the cold in winter. Of course, only wealthy families or dignitaries can afford these.
Hand stoves and foot stoves for heating.
In the cold winter with heavy snow, people with firewood can stay indoors and keep warm at home, and people with better conditions can use hand stoves and whole stoves to keep warm. Handstove is divided into two layers, the inner layer is mostly made of copper. Put some charcoal, and the hot air will be emitted from the inside to the outside to achieve the effect of heating.
Foot stoves are made of copper and tin and are generally pumpkin-shaped. Add hot water first, cover it with a cork, then wrap it in a cloth bag and put it on the bed or hold it in your arms to keep warm.
Fireplace, pepper wall, fire pit, fire wall for heating.
According to the introduction of Qin Gong culture, archaeologists found a fireplace near the bath of Xianyang Palace ruins, which seems to be a heating device.
This is the early Qin Dynasty. The palace already has a fireplace as a way of heating, and it is also connected to the bath, which may have been used by Qin Shihuang. In the Han dynasty, the palace was even more luxurious, and craftsmen built a thermostatic chamber in the palace. This thermostatic chamber is painted with pepper, and the ground is covered with various carpets from the western regions, which is quite expensive and extravagant.
Cotton was widely used in the Ming Dynasty.
The Song Dynasty's "Yunnan in Zhi Heng" records: cotton? Get its species from countries at sea and return it to them? .
This shows that cotton was introduced to China from the Song Dynasty, but it was planted as an ornamental plant at first, and it was not widely promoted. It was not until the Ming Dynasty that cotton was slowly and widely planted and used to keep out the cold. Coupled with the relatively developed productive forces in the Ming Dynasty, quilts and other warm clothes began to become popular.