This article lists 11 key points in the preparation of project construction bidding documents. I hope it will be helpful to all friends. Friends are welcome to leave a message at the end of the article with their experience and personal experience accumulated in the practice of bidding activities. way to share.
1. Preparation of project overview
When preparing project construction bidding documents, the purpose of project overview description is to help potential bidders understand the project situation. The main content includes the name of the bidder, project name, location, scale, geology and landforms, climate conditions, site conditions, project conditions (structure type, form and number of building structures, number of floors, main building content, requirements for the surrounding environment, design standards ), pre-construction preparations and geological data, etc.
The technical requirements of the industrial construction project overview should be described in more detail and clearly, such as special requirements for impermeability, fire protection, temperature resistance, automatic control systems, the processes used, and the equipment installed, etc. Some industrial construction projects have many structures, such as various pools, underground passages, chimneys, towers, furnaces, etc. The technical requirements are special and complex. Generally, the special requirements should be stated according to each unit's project.
After providing a complete set of design drawings or construction drawings and a bill of quantities, the project overview can be written briefly, but the project situation, geology and landforms, climate conditions, building scale, and characteristics must be written. Come out so that bidders can basically understand the general situation of the project in the project overview. When bidding documents are released, in addition to a full set of construction drawings issued to potential bidders, such as special projects such as ports, docks, bridges, etc., they should also be accompanied by maps of the sea area near the project and a situation map of the project area at the construction site.
2. Bidding qualification review
The qualifications of bidders are generally clearly stipulated in the bidding announcement and pre-qualification announcement. Bidding projects that have not undergone pre-qualification should also be noted in the bidding documents. Specify the requirements for bidders' bidding qualifications and the procedures and methods for qualification review.
The review of bidder qualifications and qualification level requirements shall be based on industry, project category, project scale, structural form, complexity, construction period, and project quality requirements. Enterprises should be familiar with the qualification levels and business scope conditions of each construction enterprise formulated by the construction administrative department. According to the type of project (area or volume), complexity and difficulty (complex structure, multiple steel structures, large span, high-rise, complex installation of mechanical and electrical equipment ** *Determine the qualification level of the construction enterprise suitable for this project to meet the needs of the project.
As for the qualification level requirements of bidders, it should be distinguished whether they have general construction contracting qualifications or professional contracting qualifications, and look at their coverage and interleaving. The level cannot be set too high, so as not to exclude capable and economical potential bidders, or there are not enough bidders to open the legal tender, and it cannot contain discriminatory conditions or set based on personal intentions.
When preparing bidding documents or pre-qualification documents, the general principle to follow regarding the qualifications of bidders is to first look at the general contracting contract, then the professional contracting, and then look at the regulations promulgated by other ministries and associations, and try to be as comprehensive as possible. The names and levels of each contracting qualification must be written accurately without making mistakes to avoid unnecessary disputes.
When setting qualification requirements, let’s talk about prequalification: If there are not many bidders, it can be reviewed according to the “qualification system” required in the "Standard Prequalification Document". If there are too many bidders, the qualifications The qualification comparison method (scoring method) should be published in the pre-qualification document, and it should be in accordance with the "limited quantity system" of the "Standard Pre-qualification Document".
3. On-site survey and pre-bid meeting
First of all, the time and place of the "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" and whether the bidder will People bring their own vehicles and other content. According to the time and place specified in the bidding documents, organize a "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" attended by the design unit and all potential bidders who purchased the bidding documents.
In order to facilitate the operation and save everyone's time and expenses, it is best to organize the "pre-bid meeting" and "on-site survey" together, and specify the procedures, time, and precautions in the bidding documents.
"Pre-bid meeting" and "site inspection" are completed in four steps:
1. Organize a pre-bid meeting and introduce the project
2. Visit the site and introduce the site conditions
3. Hold a face-to-face questioning and clarification meeting
4. Minutes of the general meeting and issue Q&A documents
Note: During the site visit, the introducer should allow everyone to Potential bidders can all hear it, so as to avoid giving explanations to only one party when asking questions, causing everyone to misunderstand.
4. Subcontracting
The most easily overlooked aspect during bidding is subcontracting. It is often encountered that the subcontracting scope and requirements are not stated in the project construction bidding documents, and the bidders cleverly do not remind them, which is too troublesome when signing and executing the contract.
Therefore, from pre-qualification to bidding, the content of subcontracting should be clarified in advance, the scope should be divided well, and the qualification requirements for subcontractors should be reviewed clearly in advance during the qualification review. If it is not determined whether to subcontract during the qualification review and the project construction does require subcontracting, this should be clearly stated in the tender documents prepared. It is necessary for the "Standard Document" to include a subcontracting clause in the general provisions of the Instructions to Bidders, and clearly indicate that the subcontracted work is non-subject and non-critical work, and explain the restrictions, so that it is not easy to omit.
5. Project payment and settlement methods
1. Adopt the method of advance payment for the project. It is necessary to clarify the amount of advance payment, the method of deduction in proportion and step by step, and the payment shall be measured and paid according to the monthly progress.
2. Instead of paying in advance for project material preparation (not recommended), payment can be made on a monthly basis based on the progress of the project, with progressive price payment settlement.
3. That is to say, advance payment for the project is paid in advance, and progress payment is also paid according to the image project.
No matter which method is adopted, a certain proportion of the project money should be retained as warranty money (3-5% for civil engineering and installation; 5-10% for equipment), and it should be deducted and paid according to the warranty period stipulated by the state. It is stated in the special terms of the contract that the amount cannot be too large.
The construction unit should pay the advance payment for the project and require the construction unit to submit a performance guarantee and advance payment guarantee. The "Standard Document" provides the format of the performance guarantee and the advance payment guarantee, which has been used in the past. Instead of requiring the bidder to provide a letter of guarantee issued by the bank of his or her own account when bidding, the method is changed to a method of providing a letter of guarantee signed by the bidder when bidding, which reduces the bidding burden of the construction enterprise.
6. Construction Period
The construction period should be determined based on the construction period quota and completion needs to determine a reasonable construction period. From a practical perspective, consider the winter rainy season, holidays, and even construction schedule measures during wheat harvest and autumn harvest. When individual projects work with each other, some construction periods are urgent, and some construction periods are relatively generous, so they all need to be treated differently. If the construction period is advanced, the cost of rush measures should be considered. There should be rewards and penalties for those who advance the construction period and delay the construction period. The construction period must be determined through consultation with the tenderer, and the tendering agency should check it.
7. Construction project construction contract terms
Special terms of the contract are an important part of the bidding process. The main contract conditions stated in the construction bidding documents are the basis for both parties to sign the contract and are generally not allowed to be changed. The contract terms in the bidding documents are unilaterally concluded by the tenderer, and the bidder is forced to agree before he can participate in the bidding. That is, the offeror (the bidder or the contractor in the contract) submits the terms to the offeree (the tenderer or the contractor in the contract). Once the winning bidder is selected, the contract conditions in the bidding documents become the offeree's "commitment" and are legally binding.
Engineering construction bidding is not like other project bidding. It contains special contract conditions formulated and stated by the bidder in the bidding document. Generally, deviations are not allowed. If the bidder does not agree with the contract terms when bidding, , the possibility of winning the bid is basically zero (except for changes when the contract is signed after winning the bid).
The more important contents of the contract conditions are:
1. Contract documents and the order of interpretation: When preparing the contract part of the bidding document, you generally pay more attention to the general terms, special terms, and agreement. , warranty, safety commitment, performance guarantee and other contract documents, but often ignore the other contents that constitute the contract document, thus ignoring the priority of interpretation of its contract documents. It is not until a contract dispute actually occurs that the order of interpretation is discovered to be too important. The "Standard Document" states the order of priority in the General Contract Principles, which cannot be changed.
2. Obligations of the employer and the contractor: The employer and the contractor should also stipulate the obligations of both parties in detail in the special contract conditions.
For example: the parts of the site conditions before construction that should be borne by the contractor: water and electricity interfaces; road opening time; underground pipeline data; verification of level points and coordinate control points, etc. Parts undertaken by the contractor: hollow drilling and exploratory excavation; safety protection of adjacent buildings, structures, and cultural relics; management of traffic, sanitation, and noise; subcontracting and subcontracting; storage and use of materials; completion cleanup, etc. There are also contents that both parties must bear jointly: risks and losses of both parties; insurance; patents; temporary facilities, etc. It should be carefully prepared in accordance with relevant national requirements and construction industry regulations.
3. Construction delay: It should be distinguished whether the delay and responsibility is caused by the employer or the contractor. The conditions for construction delay in the general clauses have been stipulated in the "Standard Document" contract. The special clauses must also state that if the construction period is delayed due to the contractor's reasons, the contractor has the right to request an extension of the construction period by days and/or increased costs, and shall be responsible for the delay. The reasonable profit payable by the contractor; the calculation method for liquidated damages for delayed construction due to the contractor's reasons and overdue completion. The payment of liquidated damages stated in the general terms does not relieve the contractor from its obligation to complete the work and remedy defects.
4. Acceptance methods and standards: Acceptance shall comply with national standards and/or standards issued by various industries and ministries, and the acceptance period and methods shall be specified.
5. Quality, safety, environmental protection, and energy conservation: These are the requirements of the national environment and should be signed separately in the contract, or the bidder should be required to submit a written commitment in the bidding document.
6. Measurement and payment: Measurement and payment are the content that all parties in the bidding and bidding pay more attention to. They are closely related to the quotation method stated in the bidding documents and have an extremely important impact on the bidder's quotation. And There are many things that need to be agreed in advance in the special conditions. Things to note:
① Will the price be adjusted? How to adjust? It should be stated in the contract;
②The payment method, amount (generally based on the proportion of the total price of the project contract), and the deduction method of the project advance payment;
③When payment is made according to progress Confirmation of the project quantity;
④The time and proportion of progress payment;
⑤The proportion of warranty money and the time and method of payment;
⑥Others Conditions that should be determined in the special contract conditions.
Complete settlement and final settlement shall be carried out in accordance with the general terms except those specified in the special contract terms.
When bidders purchase bidding documents, they usually ask: How to pay for the project? In order to understand the project construction funding situation, this part of the contract must be written clearly.
7. Supply of materials and equipment: The materials and engineering equipment that the real estate company is responsible for supplying should indicate the name, specifications, quantity, unit price and total price, as well as the material price difference, delivery time, etc. in the special contract terms. Supply method, delivery location, etc., and agree on transportation costs, storage costs and acceptance, and clarify responsibilities.
Among them, Party A’s supply of materials, materials, and equipment should be clearly stated in a form attached to the special clauses of the contract. If the equipment is provided by Party A, its installation work responsibilities must be clearly defined, who will do the installation work, how the general contract service fee will be included, etc.
8. Claims for breach of contract: Claims for breach of contract should include: delays in the construction period caused by various reasons; demolition of the project caused by the use of unqualified materials and equipment; repair of defects; delay in payment of the project payment by the contractor; reasons caused by both parties Expenses caused by termination or subsequent resumption of work, etc. Claims for breach of contract should distinguish the responsibilities of both the developer and the contractor, and cannot only stipulate the contractor and exempt the developer from liability. The compensation terms should specify the specific amount, deduction method and number of days to postpone the construction period in the special terms.
9. Others: Special terms of the contract also include special provisions on design changes, submission time and amount of the letter of guarantee, insurance, dispute resolution methods, acceptance and settlement, safe construction, quality assurance, environmental protection and energy conservation, and construction organization. Designs, drawings, etc.
8. Bill of Quantities
The bill of quantities shall be prepared by the tenderer with the ability to prepare bidding documents, or by an intermediary agency with corresponding qualifications entrusted by it. Real estate companies must carefully check the construction drawings, and bidders must carefully review the project quantities based on the drawings. If any errors are found, all qualified potential bidders must be notified within the statutory time limit. The quotation description of the bill of quantities in the bidding document should be detailed, complete and clear, such as the tentative estimated amount, tentative valuation, daily labor, etc. Special items not included in the specifications, the special requirements of the bidder and the pricing should also be taken into consideration. Methods etc.
Generally, there are two ways to deal with the physical quantity and unit price of bidding projects in the contract:
1. Actual calculation. Adjustments after construction are allowed and will be calculated based on the actual completed project quantity, but the unit price will not be adjusted. That is to say, as is customary: adjust the quantity but not the price.
2. Killed in one go. The physical quantity and unit price will not be adjusted. No adjustments will be made except for design changes.
9. Quotation
Quotation is the most sensitive part for both the tenderer and the bidder, and it is also the "core" part of the bidding activities.
The construction drawings of the project have been completed, and a bill of quantities is provided. The calculation rules, units of measurement, provisional amounts, provisional valuation sub-items and quantities are stated in the bill of quantities. Generally, there are two quotation methods:
① The bidding quotation adopts a fixed price. The winning bid price is fixed and will not change due to changes in market prices or policy adjustments. If any changes are required, these will be stated in the main terms of the contract. Suitable for simple house construction and clear settlement.
②The bidding quotation adopts adjustable price. The winning bid price is only the planned price and may change due to changes in market prices and policy adjustments.
The above two methods ① and ② are often used in project bidding. At present, domestic bidding mostly adopts bill of quantities for pricing, and the quotation is a fixed unit price. The unit price is divided into "unit price of work and materials" and "comprehensive unit price". Generally, the project quantity calculation rules and pricing with reference to relevant quotas should be stipulated in the bidding documents.
If the "unit price of work and materials" is used for quotation, the quotation shall be calculated based on the corresponding project quantity calculation rules and quotas and other pricing basis, the unit price and combined price quoted by the bidder in the quotation, and the price in the bid quotation summary table All expenses include the cost of completing the project, profits, taxes, management fees, technical measures fees, large machinery entry and exit fees, risk fees, and fees stipulated in policy documents.
Using the "comprehensive unit price" quotation, the unit price and combined price should be reported based on the project items and quantities listed in the bill of quantities provided by the bidder. Only one quote is allowed per item. If the bidder fails to fill in the unit price or combined price of the project, the cost will be deemed to have been included in the unit price or combined price of other priced items. The unit price and combined price quoted by the bidder in the bill of quantities with a price tag in the quotation, as well as the price in the bid quotation summary table, include the cost, profit, tax, management fee, technical measure fee, large machinery investment, etc. to complete the project. All fees including appearance fees, risk fees, fees stipulated in policy documents, etc.
For the above two quotation methods ① and ②, the settlement formula should be listed in the project settlement method.
There is also a "cost plus remuneration" method, which is not stipulated in the "Standard Document" and can be used. That is, a contract method in which the project payment is paid to the contractor based on the actual cost of the project, that is, the direct project fee, plus the measure fees, indirect fees, profits, and taxes agreed upon by both parties.
This pricing method is mainly suitable for situations where the project content is not very clear before the start of construction, such as emergency projects that are being designed and constructed at the same time, or projects that need to be repaired after being damaged by earthquakes, wars and other disasters. The adoption of the "cost plus remuneration" method requires approval from the supervisory agency and is not within the scope of this trial.
10. Bid evaluation method
The bid evaluation method is a "key link" in the bidding process. The quality of the bid evaluation method directly affects whether the ideal bid winner can be selected in this bidding activity, that is, the bidding result. The bid evaluation method is stipulated in Article 29 of Order No. 12 of the seven national ministries and commissions that “the bid evaluation method includes the reviewed minimum bid price method, the comprehensive evaluation method, or other bid evaluation methods permitted by laws and regulations.” The "Standard Document" stipulates two bid evaluation methods: the reviewed lowest bid price method and the comprehensive evaluation method. In fact, these two methods are enough, and other methods are just procedural evolutions of these two methods, with little difference.
The factors and standards for evaluation have been stated in the "Standard Document", while the quantitative standards and scoring standards need to be negotiated and compiled based on the conditions of the construction project, and are filled in the "front attachment" of the bid evaluation method. inside.
11. Reference Materials
When preparing construction bidding documents, a set of detailed reference materials should also be prepared and sold at the same time as the bidding documents and drawings to describe the project status of the construction project. Detailed description of site conditions.
In engineering construction, site conditions refer to the conditions that the project has before construction at the construction site. These conditions have a direct impact on the construction organization design and specific construction, and also directly affect the project quotation and project cost. .
The site conditions in the reference materials include natural conditions, hydrogeological survey and economic conditions, etc., which should be introduced in detail in the document so that the bidders can be familiar with the construction environment of the project, reasonably consider the risks, and prepare the construction organization design We can give you thorough consideration and make a reasonable quotation. Generally speaking, site conditions include natural conditions, economic conditions, environmental conditions, living and welfare conditions and other information that the tenderer deems necessary to provide.
After purchasing the bidding documents, the bidder should conduct an on-site inspection to understand and investigate the conditions provided in the reference materials in detail, as a basis for preparing construction organization design and quotation.
When bidding for large-scale special projects, if the project status has been indicated in the project overview, then it can be explained in detail in the reference materials. When bidding for project construction, the bidder should also provide detailed survey information in the reference materials. If there is no detailed survey, at least preliminary survey information should be provided.
For more information about engineering/service/purchasing tender document writing and production to improve the bid winning rate, you can click on the official website customer service at the bottom for free consultation: /#/?source=bdzd