The so-called V2X,
The China Academy of Information and Communications Technology defined V2X in the "2017-2019 China Academy of Information and Communications Technology's Internet of Vehicles White Paper Collection" released on January 2, 2020: Vehicle-to-everything wireless communication technology (V2X) is the integration of vehicles into A new generation of information and communication technology connected to everything, where V represents the vehicle and X represents any object that interacts with the vehicle.
The information modes of V2X interaction include: V2V (between vehicles), V2P (between vehicles and people), V2I (between vehicles and roads) and V2N (between vehicles and the network).
Cars are interconnected with the entire transportation system through V2X, providing an intelligent environment for autonomous driving.
Image source China Academy of Information and Communications Technology white paper
To explain the application of V2X in a simple way, cars can connect to other nearby vehicles, cameras, traffic lights, and other carriers equipped with V2X. Traffic lights can directly issue instructions to the car, and the camera can also feed back the detected data to the car, allowing the car to automatically go around without human control.
Big data will completely control people's travel routes, and people will change from "leaders" to "participants".
Theoretically, the development of V2X technology can effectively prevent traffic accidents and improve traffic efficiency. It can drive the development of advanced/fully autonomous driving services such as vehicle-road collaborative control, vehicle-vehicle collaborative formation, and remote operation, and ultimately support the realization of fully autonomous driving.
A huge industrial chain will also be formed around V2X. This kind of "source innovation" will build an entire ecosystem.
Image source: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology white paper
Image source: China Academy of Information and Communications Technology white paper, current development situation of my country's V2X industry
At present, the main development direction of my country is C-V2X , The C in C-V2X refers to Cellular, which is a vehicle wireless communication technology based on the evolution of cellular network communication technologies such as 3G/4G/5G.
The development of C-V2X will create a large number of jobs, and its radiation industry can even spread to road construction workers.
Despite the many benefits, the development of V2X is also accompanied by doubts and controversy.
There is a little story about the origin of leather shoes. There was a king who was traveling to a remote village. Because the road was bumpy and there were a lot of gravel, it stung the king's feet very painfully. So the king issued an order to pave the roads with a layer of cowhide.
The king believed that this decree would be convenient for himself and benefit the people, but how could there be so many cattle within the country that could be killed to pave the way? A clever servant suggested to the king why not just wrap cowhide on his feet. The king suddenly realized it and gradually evolved into leather shoes.
Leaving aside the authenticity of the story, the king’s previous ideas were undoubtedly very time-consuming and expensive and the progress was slow.
Some people think that the implementation of V2X is like "paving cowhide" on roads across the country. Focusing on the development of smart cars is "putting on leather shoes."
Alain Kornhauser, a professor of robotics research at Princeton University, wrote an email about autonomous driving, expressing his disapproval of V2X technology.
In the email, he pointed out: If the Ministry of Transport insists on insisting on requiring all new cars to install V2X, the problem will not improve much. V2X relies on most vehicles to work. In other words, V2X sensors can only work effectively when other vehicles also match V2X transmitters. Regulations to install V2X systems in new vehicles will only really benefit if more than half of the vehicles on the road have the appropriate software installed.
If only 10% of the vehicles on the road are equipped with V2X, then only 1% of pairs (10% × 10%) of vehicles can achieve information exchange.
This kind of doubt is not groundless. Before V2X penetration has spread on a large scale, the most basic V2V implementation is also extremely difficult. After all, there are not only cars equipped with the latest V2X technology driving on the road, but also a large number of other vehicles. Cars will also become a source of interference in the development of intelligent transportation systems.
It is even more difficult to realize V2I (communication between vehicles and roads). It requires a large amount of construction and reconstruction of existing highways, which will undoubtedly cost a lot of national tax revenue and will not be effective in the end. No one knows.
However, the detection range of existing sensors is about several hundred meters. In actual driving, the detection effect is not enough to deal with sudden traffic accidents. Even if sensor technology becomes more advanced in the future, it will be difficult to break through visual blind spots or cross obstructions. The development of V2X is the only way to go. The above concerns are like the chicken and the egg. If you are timid and do not make changes, the intelligent transportation system will never come.
V2X is still thriving despite heavy pressure, and its growth goes far beyond the few years since we recognized it.
As early as the 1980s, the United States had already made similar attempts. In 1986, Caltrans teamed up with the University of California to begin exploring the application of information and communication technology in automobiles and highways. After the group's continued growth and lobbying, in the early 1990s, the U.S. Department of Transportation established a formal federal program office.
The IVHS project, later renamed Intelligent Transportation System (ITS), covered all autonomous transportation modes: automatic traffic management systems, driver information systems, commercial vehicles, and bus transportation. . In the same year, Congress passed an important transportation bill, the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, and approved $660 million in funding for the research, development and development of automated highway modeling over the next six years. Operational testing.
However, such a technologically demanding project was not suitable to survive under federal government agencies, and the self-driving technology at the time was relatively basic, so the project ended in failure.
The current V2X project has many similarities with the U.S. federal attempt back then. The difference is that today's smart car autonomous driving technology has developed to a level close to highly autonomous driving, and people's acceptance of autonomous driving technology is far higher than before.
The soil for V2X to truly develop already exists, and the development of C-V2X in my country also has policy support.
The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and the National Standardization Administration issued the "Guidelines for the Construction of the National Internet of Vehicles Industry Standard System (Vehicle Intelligent Management)" on April 24, 2020 (hereinafter referred to as The notice of "Construction Guide" mainly targets the needs of intelligent vehicle management in the Internet of Vehicles environment, guides the standardization work in the fields of intelligent networked vehicle registration management, identity authentication and safety, road operation management, and vehicle-road collaborative management, control and services, and promotes The application and development of Internet of Vehicles technology in the field of public security traffic management will enhance the level of intelligent connected vehicles and smart transportation in my country, and gradually form a unified and coordinated national Internet of Vehicles industry standard system architecture in conjunction with other parts of the "Construction Guide".
The "Construction Guide" also mentions: Implement the "About 2020" jointly signed by the National Road Traffic Management Standardization Technical Committee, the National Automobile Standardization Technical Committee, the National Intelligent Transportation System Standardization Technical Committee and the National Communications Standardization Technical Committee. Framework Agreement to Strengthen C-V2X Standard Cooperation in Automobiles, Intelligent Transportation, Communications and Traffic Management, establish an efficient and smooth communication mechanism, support each other and participate in standard research and formulation, and jointly promote next-generation information and communication technologies such as C-V2X Applications in automobiles, intelligent transportation, and traffic management.
We can safely look forward to the day when V2X becomes popular.
This article comes from the author of Autohome Chejiahao and does not represent the views and positions of Autohome.