1. Correctly handle the relationship between spirulina reproduction and environmental conditions: The most important conditions for spirulina culture are light, temperature, culture solution and ventilation. The PH value, depth, flow rate, oxygen excretion and reasonable supply of nutrient elements of the culture solution are all important factors affecting the yield. Therefore, aquaculture ponds should be built in places with good water quality, suitable lighting conditions and open space; The PH range is 7- 1 1, preferably 8-9; The water depth is between 0.2 and 0.3 meters; Water temperature 18-38℃, preferably 26-32℃.
Second, choose suitable breeding varieties: At present, the main breeding varieties at home and abroad are Spirulina platensis (native to Lake Chad in Africa) and Spirulina maxima (native to Mexico). Algae scientists in China discovered a natural variant of Spirulina platensis suitable for temperate growth in the coastal area of Huanghua County, Hebei Province, and identified it as Spirulina platensis No.6 (S6). China also introduced spirulina strain1(s1) from Chad; St-6 Spirulina strain and Dunaliella salina Spirulina have also been cultivated in China. These varieties (strains) can be selected according to local conditions. S6 is suitable for growth in northern China, and Dunaliella salina is a kind of algae that adapts to high temperature, salt water and seawater.
Three, from the reality, adopt different farming methods:
1. Family farming. You can choose "spirulina home culture instrument", or you can choose your own enamel basin (preferably all white) or cylindrical bowl, and aluminum basin cannot be used. The scale of aquaculture should depend on the annual consumption of spirulina. If you use a 36 cm washbasin, a child needs 12, while 1 adult needs about 20.
2. Simple farming. Mainly means that the equipment is simple, and the culture pond can use local materials, as long as it does not leak. The depth of the pool is 30 cm, and the area is as large as possible. An adult can count it as1.5m2..
3. Natural lake culture. Spirulina is a primitive algae, which naturally grows in salt lakes. Breeding spirulina in natural lakes is the most primitive and economical production method. The requirements for equipment are low, and the fertility of the lake can be naturally restored only by putting in waterlogging control and treatment. However, because spirulina has special requirements for light, temperature and PH value, not all lakes can be cultured. But through experiments and research, we should choose a suitable lake for its breeding (such as Chenghai, Yunan, China).
4. factory farming. Advanced equipment, large scale and strict requirements. At present, the runway oval cement pond is the best breeding pond; The optimum culture area is 65438+500,000 m2. Open culture or closed production can be adopted. Open culture is a kind of production mode close to nature, which is divided into fresh water system and seawater system. Most culture tanks are designed to be recycled, stirred with a blender, and the depth of culture solution is 15-25 cm, with sunlight as light source and heat source. Closed production refers to a production mode of industrialized propagation of spirulina in a closed bioreactor with the help of natural light or artificial lighting. It can be divided into two ways: natural light source (natural light source bioreactor) and artificial light source (artificial light source bioreactor).
Fourth, master the key technology of spirulina culture: Besides nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the biggest demand of spirulina is carbon source (CO2). Its main nutrient salt formula is baking soda, salt, potassium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, iron sulfite and so on. Its production process: algae seed culture pond (original seed) → primary culture → secondary culture → production pond → harvesting → cleaning → dehydration → spray drying → sterilization → inspection → packaging → warehousing → pharmaceutical grade, food grade (or dehydration → natural drying → feed grade).
Prevention and control of harmful organisms in spirulina: There are many kinds of polluting organisms in spirulina culture, and the most harmful ones are those that can multiply rapidly in algae liquid. For example, rotifers can directly devour algae cells, while metabolites secreted by enemy organisms are extremely toxic to algae cells. Give priority to prevention, prevent pollution, maintain the growth and quantitative advantages of cultured algae, and do a good job in the separation, preservation and supply of algae species; At the same time, we should also do a good job in prevention and control in time. We can remove large enemies by filtration, suppress or kill them by drugs, and suppress or kill them by changing environmental conditions.