1. Herringbone Railway
Herringbone Railway has a long history and a wide range of applications, and it is a simple, economical, efficient and practical type of railway fork section. After the popularization and development of herringbone railway, zigzag and X-shaped railway line intersection modes have been derived, so that trains can quickly change tracks between different railway lines.
Zhan Tianyou, an engineer in China in the late Qing Dynasty, skillfully used the herringbone railway to overcome the difficulty of the train climbing safely due to the surrounding high drop terrain environment.
2. Hou's soda process
Hou's soda process, also known as the combined soda process, was founded in 1943 by Hou Debang, a chemical engineering expert in China. It is a method that combines ammonia-alkali process and synthetic ammonia process to produce soda ash and ammonium chloride at the same time. The raw materials are salt water, ammonia gas and waste gas from CO2-ammonia plant when hydrogen is produced from water gas.
this method improves the utilization rate of salt, shortens the production process, reduces the pollution to the environment, reduces the cost of soda ash, and overcomes the shortcomings of the ammonia-alkali method. It once enjoyed a high reputation in the world and was widely adopted. The combined alkali process of converting gas to alkali is unique in China and has remarkable energy-saving effect.
3. Hybrid rice
Hybrid rice refers to the selection of two rice varieties with certain genetic differences and their excellent characters can complement each other to produce the first generation hybrid with heterosis for production, which is hybrid rice. Heterosis is a common phenomenon in biology, and using heterosis to improve crop yield and quality is one of the main achievements of modern agricultural science.
The first successful rice hybrid in the world was completed by American Henry Beachell in Indonesia in 1963, and was awarded the World Food Prize in 1996.
4. Synthetic bovine insulin
Since 1958, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Peking University Department of Biology have joined forces, with Niu Jingyi as the head and Gong Yueting, Zou Chenglu, Du Yucang, Ji Aixue, Xing Qiyi, Wang You, Xu Jiecheng and others * * * forming a collaboration group.
On the basis of previous studies on insulin structure and peptide chain synthesis methods, we began to explore the chemical synthesis of insulin. After careful study, they established the procedure of synthesizing bovine insulin. This was China's only chance to win the Nobel Prize at that time.
5. Theory of continental oil generation
China has built large oil fields in Daqing, Dagang and Shengli, and the theory of continental oil generation has played an important role. Previously, people always thought that large oil fields could only appear in marine strata. Westerners confirmed that China was poor in oil because some large Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins in China were mostly continental deposits.
our scientists have put forward the theory that continental deposits may generate large oil fields as long as conditions are suitable. The breakthrough of this basic theory has enabled us to discover the oil and gas resources under our feet.