The so-called trade friction refers to the trade balance in the process of trade between countries in international trade. It is generally a continuous surplus of one country and a deficit of another country. .Or one country’s trade activities touch or harm the industry of another country.
In 2005, trade frictions against China intensified. China ranked first among the global trade friction target countries for 11 consecutive years, and the whole year** *18 countries/regions have launched 63 investigations into my country on the "two anti-two and two guarantees", involving a total amount of US$2.1 billion. Judging from the products involved in the case, they are mainly concentrated in my country's export competitive products such as light industry, textiles, mechanical and electrical products, among which the trade friction in textiles is particularly prominent. In recent years, the types of friction products in my country have been increasing, and the export of electromechanical and high-tech products has grown rapidly, becoming new friction hotspots, such as the automobile and pharmaceutical industries. At the same time, trade frictions continue to spread, and trade frictions with developing countries are also on the rise. In terms of manifestations, technical trade barriers, environmental barriers and intellectual property barriers have become the main forms of trade friction.
Where does the pressure from China’s trade disputes come from? From a statistical perspective, in 2005, my country's trade surplus reached US$101.88 billion. It is undeniable that trade surplus does intensify trade friction, but surplus is not the root cause of friction. Our country has now become the third largest trading country in the world, which has caused an impact on the original interest structure, and trade friction is inevitable. After joining the WTO, developed countries promised to open their markets to China, which put pressure on their domestic enterprises and related industries. In order to protect domestic enterprises, many developed countries resorted to trade disputes to win space and time for domestic enterprises. WTO discriminatory rules are also the main reason why my country suffers from trade frictions, such as market economy status issues, special textile protections, and WTO technology, environment, and intellectual property related barrier agreements, etc. In addition, my country's own problems in industrial product structure, export operation order and other aspects are difficult to solve in the short term and can easily lead to trade frictions.
It is not surprising that the number of trade frictions has increased. This is an inevitable response to trade growth. But dealing with trade friction is an issue we must study seriously. We must have long-term mental preparation for trade friction. On the one hand, we must treat it calmly, see the essence clearly, and maintain a normal attitude; on the other hand, we must have active countermeasures. First of all, efforts should be made to transform the mode of export growth, improve the technological content of my country's export products as much as possible, and open up a wider international market. Secondly, it is necessary to establish and improve the trade friction response mechanism for the division of labor and cooperation between the government, enterprises and intermediary organizations. In addition, in the long term, a large number of professionals must be trained to deal with trade frictions.
Relevant industries must pay attention to international rules and standards, strengthen intellectual property protection, and actively use the WTO dispute settlement mechanism to deal with trade frictions. In particular, they must give full play to the role of intermediary organizations in resolving trade frictions and strengthen the Awareness of taking proactive measures to avoid trade frictions, and further giving full play to the main role of enterprises in dealing with trade frictions. Industry diplomacy is one of the important means to deal with trade frictions. It is of great significance for enhancing understanding, eliminating misunderstandings, strengthening communication and consultation, resolving frictions, and building a stable and harmonious trade environment. Taking textiles as an example, in 2005, the China Textile Industry Association and the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Textiles played an active role in resolving trade frictions between China and Europe and China and the United States. In addition, qualified enterprises can adopt an international business strategy to "go out" and transfer part of their processing and production capabilities to third countries to bypass trade barriers set up against my country, including saturated industries with acute international trade frictions and labor costs. Industries whose competitive advantage has declined as a result of rising prices, as well as industries with excess production capacity, such as the textile industry and home appliance industry.
From the perspective of trade dispute settlement mechanisms, the bilateral trade consultation mechanism is a commonly used and effective method in resolving trade frictions. However, we should realize that the multilateral rules of the WTO are more fair and just than the bilateral approach that mainly relies on politics and strength, because WTO dispute settlement is more about rules and procedures. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriately adjust the traditional approach of relying solely on bilateral solutions in the past, develop the habit of respecting, abiding by, and applying multilateral rules and mechanisms, and be brave and good at resolving trade disputes under the WTO legal framework.
The main characteristics of trade frictions
First of all, the number of frictions remains high and growing, and the intensity is also increasing.
In terms of quantity, according to WTO statistics, among the anti-dumping investigations initiated by WTO members, about one in every seven cases involves Chinese export products. The recent series of anti-dumping investigations launched by the European Union against my country's footwear have involved hundreds of millions of dollars in Guangdong Province alone.
Secondly, trade frictions are gradually spreading from traditional markets to emerging markets. The United States, the European Union, Japan, ASEAN and Canada are my country's main export countries. These export markets will still be the "main battlefield" for future trade frictions. The trade relations between the two sides will see a situation of "development amid friction, and friction for development." However, my country's exports to emerging markets such as Russia, India, South Africa, and Mexico have increased by more than 25% annually. Trade relations with these emerging markets will present a situation of "few big problems and constant small problems."
Thirdly, trade friction will gradually spread from individual products to industries, and finally reach the policy and institutional levels. In the early and middle stages of foreign trade development, trade frictions were more concentrated on individual products. As the variety of export products continues to increase and the structure of export products continues to be optimized and improved, trade frictions between my country and foreign countries have begun to target certain product groups or industries. Moreover, future trade frictions will not only test the ability to quell trade disputes, but more importantly, the ability to formulate policies and create systems.
Finally, the direct causes of trade friction will be multi-form. The arrival of a period of frequent trade frictions is inevitable. The growth of trade friction is inseparable from the development of my country's foreign trade. It is a by-product of the continuous expansion of my country's trade scale and a negative reaction to the continuous enhancement of the competitiveness of my country's export products. It has a certain correlation with the continuous improvement of my country's market openness. For a major trading country, trade frictions are often the norm, and the key is how to resolve them reasonably.
From the perspective of development trends, frictions between foreign countries and my country in the fields of agricultural products, textiles, financial services, high technology, etc., in terms of export volume, WTO commitments, policy transparency and other policy coordination will intensify in the future.
New Characteristics of International Trade Friction
The current international trade friction situation presents two new characteristics: (1) it is rising; (2) it is becoming increasingly intense. Going up a step means going up the third step. The first step is tariff barriers and administrative protection measures. The WTO has enabled all members to significantly reduce tariffs and work hard to eliminate administrative protection measures. Therefore, this primary form and means of trade friction has been greatly weakened. The second step is the three legal trade protection measures that the WTO allows members to adopt - anti-dumping, countervailing, and safeguard measures are in the ascendant. At the same time, some special safeguard measures against China, as well as trade diversion, market disruption, market economy status, etc. Means and concepts are also frequently used. At present, trade protection measures have reached a new third level: technical trade barriers. Technical trade barrier frictions existed in the past, but now they are more widespread and routine than in the past.
In international trade competition, the various purposes of using technical trade barrier measures and various forms of trade barriers are intertwined, making the trade friction situation more complicated and acute. Technical trade barrier measures are more nominally legal, rational, and ingenious, and they are more high-sounding trade barrier measures.
In the context of increasingly fierce global trade competition, technical trade barriers, which mainly include technical regulations, technical standards and conformity assessment procedures, have become an important means for countries around the world to adjust their trade interests.
Technical trade barriers have their own scientific definition. Technical trade barrier measures are mandatory or voluntary technical measures taken by a country (region) to protect citizens, animals and plants, environmental safety, prevent fraud, ensure product quality and trade order. These measures will have an impact on the free access of goods, service trade and investment from other countries (regions) to the country (region) market. Technical barriers in the narrow sense mainly refer to the technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures stipulated in the WTO's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade; technical barriers in the broad sense include not only the WTO's Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, but also the inspection of animals, plants and their products. and quarantine measures, packaging labeling requirements, green barriers, information technology barriers, etc., which often appear in the form of technical regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures.
The use of technical trade barriers has two effects. One is to use technical trade protection measures correctly to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of domestic industries. The other is the excessive use of technical trade protection measures and the practice of trade protectionism.
The use of technical trade protection measures for two purposes complicates the situation of technical trade frictions.
The use of other trade barriers also has different purposes. Different countries, regions, different interest groups, different purposes, and different trade barrier measures have made the current international trade frictions more frequent, complicated, and acute. This will become a general trend and general feature in the long term in the future.
The new situation of international trade frictions
The above trends and characteristics are prominent in all aspects of the current international trade frictions related to our country.
(1) The overall situation of trade frictions related to my country
(1) my country’s use of trade remedy measures
Facing the fierce international trade friction situation , trade remedy measures have also become one of China’s methods to deal with trade frictions. So far, China has launched 43 anti-dumping investigations and 1 safeguard measure investigation against imported products. The cases involve 35 categories of products in the five major industries of chemical industry, steel, light industry, textile and electronics, of which more than 2/3 of the cases are concentrated in the chemical industry. Nearly 200 domestic companies have participated in the case application, covering 25 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities across the country. In the face of international trade frictions, our government, industry, and intermediary organizations have gradually learned to apply internationally accepted rules, strengthened their legal protection, and at the same time effectively curbed trade frictions initiated by foreign countries against our country.
(2) my country’s exposure to foreign trade remedy measures
In the past 10 years, China has become the country subject to the most anti-dumping investigations in the world, and some countries are increasingly using Trade barriers such as technical barriers and intellectual property barriers impose restrictions on China's exports. According to WTO statistics, from 1995 to 2004, China has always been the country subject to the most anti-dumping investigations in the world. From 1979 to 2004, more than 30 countries (regions) have initiated 700 anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguard measures and special protection investigation cases involving my country’s export products, including nearly 600 anti-dumping investigations and 5 countervailing investigations. There have been more than 50 safeguard measures investigations and more than 10 special safeguard investigations, involving more than 4,000 commodities. In 2004, 17 countries (regions) in Japan launched 59 "two countermeasures and one safeguard" (including anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures) investigations into my country's export products. In the past 10 years, my country's exports have been involved in a total of nearly 300 billion US dollars, and the impact is still accumulating and expanding.
(2) 2/3 of my country’s mechanical and electrical export products will be affected by the EU’s dual environmental protection directives
On February 13, 2003, the EU promulgated the ROHS Directive and the WEEE Directive. It will be implemented in the second half of 2005 and the second half of 2006. The implementation of the EU's dual directives will have a major impact on 2/3 of my country's mechanical and electrical export products. The Chinese government also officially released the "Industry Standards for the Detection of Toxic and Hazardous Substances in Electronic and Electrical Products" on July 28, 2005. This series of standards was implemented on January 18, 2006 to help Chinese enterprises improve and adapt to the new international trade as quickly as possible. environment. This is the first internationally released industry standard to respond to the two EU directives. The release of this series of standards will help standardize the testing of my country's export products, promote and optimize the technological update and product export structure of the electronic and electrical industry. Since this series of directives does not involve much intervention and mainly relies on companies to respond independently, export companies should unite and collectively entrust recycling companies in the EU, especially Eastern European countries, to recycle on their behalf to reduce the cost of recycling scrapped equipment.
(3) Sino-US textile trade dispute
The Sino-US textile trade dispute is a typical example of friction. In September 2003, organizations such as the American Textile Manufacturers Association submitted applications for safeguard measures against Chinese knitted fabrics, bras and gowns. On August 19, 2004, the U.S. Department of Commerce announced that it would officially accept the application. On November 18, 2004, the U.S. government launched trade safeguard provisions. The main basis for the United States' attack is the "special safeguard clause" in China's WTO accession commitments, which means that if China experiences "market disruption" in a certain commodity for a period of time, the importing country can take temporary safeguard measures. Although the current Sino-US textile trade dispute has come to an end and textiles exported to the United States have cleared customs, similar incidents have not ended, and there is still the possibility of "special protection" being initiated for other products.
(4) The United States will tighten exports of high-tech products to China
The U.S. Department of Commerce revealed that in accordance with the new export law that will be introduced in the near future, the United States will tighten exports of high-tech products to China The scope of the export embargo and the restricted scope of "export licenses" will also increase from the current 1.5% of all exports to more than 10%.
(5) China-EU shoe industry disputes
In recent years, China-EU trade disputes have occurred frequently. In June 2005, after China and the EU successfully resolved the textile trade dispute, shoe manufacturers across Europe held demonstrations to protest against the nearly seven-fold increase in the number of leather shoes imported from China since the beginning of 2005. EU Trade Representative Mandelson suggested to the European Commission to launch an "anti-dumping" investigation against Chinese shoes. At present, the EU has delayed imposing restrictions on Chinese shoes, mainly due to the large gap in trade data between China and the EU. The EU's specific import data for China's six major categories of footwear products are still under investigation and confirmation. According to statistics released by the EU on imported Chinese shoes, from January to April 2005, the EU's imports of Chinese footwear products increased by an average of 700%. Statistics from China Customs show that during the same period, China exported 330 million pairs of footwear products to the EU. , with a year-on-year growth of only 3.1%. Footwear exports, which were originally restricted by EU import quotas, grew by 27%, which is far from the EU's statistics.
(6) Sino-U.S. Steel Industry Dispute
The Sino-U.S. textile trade dispute has just ended, and Chinese steel has been included in the U.S. trade "blacklist" due to the surge in exports to the United States. The China Iron and Steel Industry Association not long ago issued an early warning to Chinese steel companies that the United States may take "trade protection measures." According to statistics from the U.S. Department of Commerce, from January to April 2005, China's steel exports to the United States increased by 247% year-on-year. Among the seven countries suspected of "dumping" including China, Brazil and Canada have been accused of dumping. The U.S. Department of Commerce began to collect evidence on Chinese steel "disruption" to the U.S. market.
(7) Disputes over intellectual property protection between China and the United States
Intellectual property barriers are another "stumbling block" that hinders the export of Chinese products. The United States' "Section 337", which focuses on combating intellectual property infringement, has shown increasing power. In the first half of 2005, seven Chinese products have been investigated, including DVDs, tractors, medicines, mercury batteries, and ink printers. wait. Section 337 investigations take a short time, attack a wide range of areas, respond to complex lawsuits, and have high litigation costs (generally more than one million US dollars). It is difficult for a single Chinese company to respond to lawsuits. If you fail to file a lawsuit, you will be deemed to have lost the lawsuit, and the product will be blocked from the U.S. market.
(8) Sino-Japanese Textile Dispute
The Sino-Japanese Textile Dispute was fierce in the past and will be fierce in the future. The main reason for the fierceness is that Japan has formulated a set of special measures for Chinese textiles. In order to prevent a large influx of Chinese textiles into the Japanese market in the post-quota era, Japan formulated the "Special Measures to Deal with Chinese Textiles" in 2004. This measure stipulates that based on the volume of China's textile exports to Japan in the past year, its growth rate cannot exceed 7.5%, and wool products cannot exceed 6%. Once the export of Chinese fiber textiles to Japan increases sharply and exceeds this level, the Japanese textile market may be disrupted, and Japan will impose import quantity restrictions on Chinese textiles. Japan's measure should attract the attention of my country's textile export enterprises, and it will not work if one enterprise pays attention to it. It must rely on the strength of the group to implement total control and negotiate adjustments.
(9) Anti-dumping responses continue to produce new results, which will enhance the confidence of Chinese enterprises in anti-friction.
Recently, the European Union has issued regulations on my country’s cast iron products, mainly manhole cover cast iron products. Final anti-dumping ruling. Five companies in Hebei and other places in my country have obtained market economy status and received zero tax rate. Another five companies received individual tax rates of 18% to 37%. The companies involved actively responded to the lawsuit and achieved good results.
(10) The overall trade friction situation is still intensifying
While my country's import and export trade continues to develop rapidly, trade frictions with major trading partners such as the United States and Europe are also becoming more and more serious. many. In the first half of 2005, my country suffered more trade remedy measures than the same period in 2004. Moreover, the overall trade friction situation is still intensifying, the situation is becoming more complicated, and the tricks are constantly being updated. Technical standards, inspection and quarantine, environmental protection requirements, social responsibilities, labor welfare, animal welfare, etc. have all become excuses for foreign countries to set up trade barriers to our products.
In addition to targeting products and their prices, trade frictions have also begun to involve China's institutions and institutions. The most prominent one is the United States' attack on the RMB exchange rate, which reflects the trend of deepening and escalating trade frictions. On the surface, these frictions are the escalation of trade frictions caused by fierce competition. On the deeper level, they are the deepening restrictions on the external environment of China's economic development. Therefore, domestic enterprises should be fully mentally prepared. The general environment is not entirely about opportunities, but also challenges, curbs and restrictions. It is very necessary for Chinese companies to understand this environment.
New Countermeasures to International Trade Frictions
How do we respond to increasingly frequent and complex trade frictions? This article proposes 15 new countermeasures for reference.
(1) Observe calmly strategically and respond proactively tactically
It should be noted that with the continuous improvement of my country’s comprehensive national strength and the rapid growth of foreign trade volume, the emergence of trade frictions is inevitable Phenomenon. We should calmly observe the changes in the world trade pattern, study the rules for controlling trade disputes, formulate our trade strategy, and strive for the commanding heights of the country's foreign strategy and the high-end interests of the industry. It is extremely important for trade authorities at all levels and localities to formulate strategies to deal with trade frictions.
Actively organize, strengthen response guidance, train response skills, improve response strategies, enhance response enthusiasm, tactically know yourself and the enemy, continue to win battles, and open up new situations. It is incumbent upon intermediaries to unite and organize the industrial, legal and research communities to actively respond to new trade frictions.
(2) Promote the transformation of foreign trade growth mode
China’s foreign trade is developing rapidly. However, the extensive model is bound to be limited by China’s own resource conditions. Therefore, it must be “ "Benefit-oriented" transformation must win with quality and high technology. Optimizing the export structure and changing the growth pattern of foreign trade are the fundamental strategies to alleviate trade frictions. The state should formulate new policies and measures to guide the overall pattern of foreign trade and export enterprises to accelerate the transformation into a benefit-oriented one.
(3) Strengthen the functions of business associations and accelerate the legal construction of intermediary organizations
In response to trade frictions, strengthening the functions of business associations is very important for improving industry self-discipline. Currently, a very important issue is to strengthen the legal status of intermediary organizations such as business associations. The first is to formulate a business association law to establish the legal status of business associations. So far, the country has no business association law. The work of business associations has no legal basis, no clear development prospects, and no statutory authority and ability to actively organize enterprises to better respond to trade frictions, strengthen corporate self-discipline, and promote standardized trade among enterprises. The second is to establish an entry system for business association organizations. Intermediary organizations should be divided into two categories: (1) public law intermediary organizations, which companies must join, and are compulsory; (2) private law intermediary organizations, which are voluntary. In this way, all enterprises can be covered and all can enter intermediary organizations to facilitate the strengthening of organization and management. It can also make public law and private law intermediary organizations clear about their identity, status and role. Strengthening the management of public legal intermediary organizations can completely eliminate the stubborn export problems that have occurred for many years among enterprises: "competition to lower prices, vicious competition, self-destruction of the Great Wall, harm to others, harm to ourselves, and harm to national interests." Private law intermediary organizations can be made to serve enterprises conscientiously. Otherwise, enterprises can withdraw from their organizations and put "fatal" pressure on private law intermediary organizations, and the work will be better.
(4) Make good use of rules and take the initiative
To deal with trade disputes, we must not only resolve existing trade disputes under established rules, but also actively participate in formulating rules and improving international trade. rule. Eliminate the root causes of disadvantages to my country's exports based on rules and reduce the risk of trade frictions from the source. Change from passive to proactive, and change from late response to early prevention. In the WTO, my country has so far responded more passively and taken less proactive actions. In order to reduce the number of trade friction cases and gain the initiative to control trade disputes, we should be more proactive in participating in the formulation and revision of WTO rules. When formulating and revising rules, more opinions from domestic industries and intermediary organizations should be solicited to safeguard my country's economic interests to the greatest extent.
(5) Collect international standards and technical regulations and formulate my country's response strategies
Technical trade barriers have a great impact and involve a wide range of areas, and all countries attach great importance to them. The United States and many countries have taken the initiative to send representatives to international organizations and key countries to investigate and study the standards, technical regulations and certification of relevant organizations and countries; Japan, South Korea, Germany, Australia, New Zealand and other countries pay special attention to the standardization and certification work of various countries. Development trends in order to study countermeasures.
Therefore, our country should establish a specialized agency to collect and study various technical trade barrier measures of major trading countries, especially those rules that are being formulated. At the same time, it is necessary to make full use of the window function of the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade Consultation Point to collect relevant information, understand the specific rules on technical barriers to trade adopted by member governments, industry and commerce, and economic and trade groups, and obtain information on technical regulations and conformity assessment procedures as early as possible. Develop our country’s response strategy.
(6) Establish technical consulting and information service agencies related to WTO rules and technical barriers to trade to provide services to domestic enterprises
The issue of technical trade barriers involved in export trade is becoming more and more important. It has become an important task for governments and intermediaries at all levels to establish corresponding information service agencies, understand and master the relevant technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures of major WTO members, and provide consulting services to export enterprises. Now many provinces and big cities in coastal areas have established more than ten related consultation centers, which have played a very good role in government decision-making, corporate exports, and the development of international markets. The central and western regions should actively study and establish relevant institutions.
(7) Establish our country’s technical standards and regulatory system as soon as possible
It has become a standard to use technical regulations, technical standards, conformity assessment procedures and other means to legally protect the domestic market and industrial economic security. International practice. In international trade, it is not uncommon to use standards to compete for the market. The competition among countries around the world in the field of high-tech has advanced to the research and development stage. As the saying goes: "First-rate enterprises develop standards, second-rate enterprises grasp patents, third-rate enterprises create brands, and fourth-rate enterprises sell products." Our country is a big country. Establishing our country's technical standards and regulations, improving and perfecting the certification system has a population base and international significance. It must "occupy time, land and air supremacy" in standard-setting power.
(8) Implement the certification system and rectify the certification order
Promoting the certification system will help improve corporate management and product quality levels, and gain credibility in the international market. It is necessary to actively promote international quality assurance system certification and product certification, and pay attention to the ISO9000 series of standard certification work. These are important elements of broad technical barriers to trade. At present, more and more multinational companies or government procurement require environmental certification from suppliers. Many well-known multinational companies require their companies and suppliers to pass certification within a limited time. Environmental management system certification and environmental product certification, known as the "Double Green Strategy" certification, are the "green passport" to break down technical trade barriers, and the country should increase its efforts to promote them.
At present, my country’s certification system and institutions need to be rectified. The certification system and charging system are not standardized, certification is a mere formality, and the quality of certified companies remains low. There are more and more such phenomena, which are inconsistent with international rules and the standards themselves. They need to be carefully rectified to ensure the good prospects of the certification system.
(9) Strengthen my country’s industrial safety work
Strengthen investigation and research and learn from foreign experience, formulate industrial safety policies and measures and improve relevant systems. One of the ultimate goals of responding to international trade frictions and eliminating unfair competition is to maintain my country's industrial security, and policies, measures and systems are necessary conditions and means to protect domestic industrial security and long-term development. From the perspective of safeguarding the long-term interests of the country and industry, relevant policies and measures must be formulated and relevant systems must be improved.
Maintaining industrial safety is a brand-new job, and we should actively learn from and draw on international experience. It is necessary to strengthen the study of WTO rules and international practices and master new trade and technical standards. Strengthen learning and exchanges with overseas counterparts, summarize experiences, expand ideas, innovate methods, and formulate a set of policies and measures that can adapt to my country's industrial security work and fully respond to trade protectionism.
(10) Actively carry out early warning work on industrial damage
Strengthen early warning response to industrial damage and import and export order, and establish an early warning coordination mechanism. The competent authorities of trade remedy measures should guide industries, intermediary organizations and local competent authorities to conduct regular investigations and studies on the damage to industries that have not been registered, and put industrial safety work in advance through early warning work.
(11) Do a good job in tracking the damaged industries
Strengthen the guidance and coordination of the damaged industries, and promote the recovery and development of the damaged industries as a way to protect the safety of domestic industries The top priority of the work; we should also pay attention to the safety work of domestic key industries (such as chemical industry and other industries) and key products; establish a tracking mechanism and statistical system, and gradually improve and deepen the work of guiding industries to carry out industrial safety.
(12) Actively guide industries to establish trade relief alliances
The trade relief alliance is a form of self-help organization between enterprises to adapt to fierce trade competition. It acts as a social intermediary agency Exercise organizational power to influence enterprises and achieve the purpose of self-protection. The alliance's support for enterprises is mainly achieved through information consultation, training, scientific research support, and the formation of synergy in trade disputes to safeguard the interests of members and industry. Alliances are mostly formed by small and medium-sized enterprises to jointly form entity alliances, covering many companies, with strong industry protection, and timely measures against unfair competition in imported products to protect the interests of alliance companies.
(13) Innovative market access system
In accordance with national industrial policies, adjust and optimize the industrial structure and improve the comprehensive competitiveness of the industry. In the work of protecting domestic industrial security, it is necessary to establish a market access system and a mechanism for the exit and improvement of backward technology industries and enterprises to prevent excessive duplication of construction. It is necessary to establish a set of evaluation indicators and technical indicators to promote the development of advantageous industries, high-tech industries, and promising and in-demand products. Restrict and do not support the entry and development of backward industries. Protect and support the recovery and development of damaged industries in an identified, purposeful and differentiated manner.
(14) Establishing a fund system to support and develop damaged industries
To accelerate the recovery, development, adjustment and improvement of damaged industries in our country, it is necessary to establish a fund system to support and develop damaged industries. .
Practice has proved that trade remedy measures alone cannot completely and quickly eliminate the damage and enable the damaged industries to recover and develop as they should, and may even lead to the disadvantages of swarming investment and low-level duplication of construction. situation. Moreover, some damaged infant industries also need strong support to continue to develop. In addition, in order to optimize the industrial structure and export product structure, it is necessary to have the financial support and guidance of the development fund to achieve the restoration, development and improvement of the industry. Therefore, establishing a fund system for supporting and developing damaged industries is a necessary condition for safeguarding my country’s industrial security and promoting the development of my country’s foreign trade. To establish a support development fund system, we must first formulate regulations and establish relevant systems. Secondly, financial support must be provided by the state and industries that have recovered and developed well. Third, the fund should be operated safely, in a virtuous cycle, separated from government and enterprises, and operated in a standardized manner. Moreover, plans and rules for the use of funds should be formulated, guided by industrial policies, to promote the optimization and development of foreign trade and damaged industries.
(15) Establish my country's trade protection system
Appropriate supporting measures must be formulated to coordinate with import restrictions and appropriately protect specific domestic industries. For high-tech industries, automobile industries, key agricultural products, etc., quotas and license management must be coordinated and legal protection strengthened. Appropriate supporting measures must be formulated to coordinate with retained subsidy projects to properly protect domestic industries. A number of subsidy projects allowed by WTO rules include subsidies that local budgets can provide to state-owned enterprises with serious losses, a certain range of tax exemptions, national policy bank loans, direct allocations and loans for poverty alleviation, scientific research and development funds, and some basic Facilities funds, tax reductions and rebates, subsidies for important energy products, corporate income tax reductions to provide employment opportunities for the unemployed, income tax reductions for high-tech enterprises and enterprises in poor areas. We must make good use of these rules to properly protect domestic industries.