This question is quite interesting. It involves the training mechanism of related majors in domestic aviation engineering universities and the division of labor in domestic aviation engineering institutes. Ordinary people may not know much about it. Eagle Airlines will explain it from the following points:
1. Aircraft design major in undergraduate stage belongs to a large category of training;
Aviation engineering universities, such as Xigong University, Beihang University, China Southern Airlines, etc., generally offer undergraduate courses in aircraft design within the framework of their aviation colleges. In fact, it is more accurate to say that the major is aircraft design and engineering, with a duration of four years. The first year is basically public basic courses, such as advanced mathematics, college physics, advanced chemistry, English, general knowledge and so on; The second year is almost the same. Electrotechnics, mechanical drawing, software foundation, material mechanics, theoretical mechanics, mathematical statistics and probability theory, linear algebra, etc. are basically based on public basic courses; In the third year, professional basic courses are started, such as introduction to aviation, aerodynamics, flight mechanics, aircraft structure design, overall design of aircraft, man-machine environment and engineering, etc. In the fourth year, professional elective courses are trained. According to students' independent choice, one of the four major directions, such as overall design, structural design, flight performance and aerodynamics, is chosen as the elective direction, on the one hand, in order to combine with the work after graduation from undergraduate courses, on the other hand, it can be combined with postgraduate study in the future.
under this mode, the undergraduate course of aircraft design and engineering major is to learn in general, especially the students who work after graduation, and all they have learned are some introductory knowledge, and the more professional engineering knowledge can only be released to the unit.
2. The graduate stage tends to be subdivided;
Undergraduate students majoring in aircraft design and engineering will take the postgraduate entrance examination in the next semester of junior year, and they can study postgraduate major after graduation from senior year if they pass the examination or have the qualification of walking without test. Postgraduate education is divided into professional directions, which have been selected at the time of registration. Aircraft design generally includes four major parts: overall, aerodynamic, structure and performance. Each block can be further subdivided into different fields, and each graduate student only learns some scientific research skills in a subdivided field in 2-3 years; However, there is still a certain difference between this scientific research skill and engineering skill. Of course, if you study for a doctorate in the future, you will be further refined and cultivated, which is not much to say.
3. The engineering design of the institute is also fragmented;
The major host design institutes/institutes under AVIC in China are basically divided by specialty. Larger units will generally have a general office, a pneumatic office, a structural office, a strength office, a performance office, a man-machine environment protection office, etc. Even if they enter the general office, they are just ordinary engineers, doing the most basic calculation and analysis work, but the software used by each unit and each specialty is not the same. What the school teaches is not enough, and the experience of one or two model projects is basically the same. Besides, if you stay in the general office, you may not be able to grow into a chief designer in the future.
The major of aircraft design and engineering belongs to the basic theory teaching in most aviation engineering colleges. It is not expected that an undergraduate can become a qualified aviation engineer after graduation, which is far from enough. In particular, those universities that newly offer aviation majors, such as Fudan University and Jiaotong University, often focus on the theoretical teaching of mechanics, and the experience teaching of aviation engineering is far less than that of Xigong University, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines. Maybe that's why there's a question.
-that's the end of the question-friends who are interested in aviation may wish to pay attention to Eagle Airlines.
In recent years, with the launch of China's Shenzhou manned spacecraft and the successful landing of Chang 'e IV on the moon, aerospace has become a topic that people often discuss, and related aerospace majors have gradually attracted people's attention. Next, I will talk about such majors in detail.
First of all, as can be seen from the name, this kind of major actually includes two major directions: aviation and aerospace. Many people think that the two major directions are very similar, but there is still a big difference between aviation and aerospace.
A simple distinction is the aircraft in the atmosphere studied by "aviation", such as Boeing aircraft, helicopters, airships and so on.
and "aerospace" studies the navigation activities of spacecraft in space and outside the earth's atmosphere, such as spacecraft, satellites, space stations, launch vehicles for deep space probes, and strategic missile weapons.
if you carefully distinguish it, you can distinguish it from many aspects, such as flight environment, power plant, lifting mode, flight time limit, flight speed and so on, so I won't go into details here. Of course, both aircraft and spacecraft can be called aircraft.
among the undergraduate majors from 219 to 22, I looked at the aerospace majors, which mainly include: aerospace engineering, aircraft design and engineering, aircraft manufacturing engineering, aircraft power engineering, aircraft environment and life support engineering, etc. These majors complement each other, and even many universities enroll students according to major categories.
"Aerospace Engineering" is an all-encompassing major, which is widely studied, and the contents of the following majors will involve some.
The major of "Aircraft Design and Engineering" is to design the aircraft, including the overall design, mechanism design, aircraft shape design, component design and so on.
The major of "Aircraft Manufacturing Engineering" is to manufacture aircraft on the basis of design. The most appropriate job of this major is to work as an artist in the aircraft or spacecraft manufacturing workshop. After the designer gives you the drawings, you turn them into a process flow and then give them to the following workers for production.
The major of "Aircraft Power Engineering" mainly studies aircraft engines. That is, the core device of the aircraft-the power device.
The major of "Aircraft Environment and Life Support Engineering" mainly studies the life support system of manned aircraft. The simplest one is like the oxygen supply equipment on civil aircraft. At an altitude of 1, meters, the thin air is compressed by the engine to a pressure that human beings can breathe normally, and then the compressed air is introduced into the air conditioning system of the cabin. Complex research, such as how the spacesuit worn by astronauts can guarantee the life safety of astronauts in the harsh space environment.
learning content
aerospace majors are highly sophisticated, so the learning content will involve many knowledge fields. Looking at these majors, the main subjects will study aerospace science and technology, mechanics and so on. If we compare the majors carefully, the learning contents will be different according to the pertinence of the majors:
The core knowledge of "Aircraft Design and Engineering" will include structural mechanics, aerodynamics, overall design of aircraft, structural design of aircraft, and more courses in design.
the main discipline of aircraft manufacturing engineering also includes mechanical engineering. If you have core knowledge, you will have more courses such as mechanical drawing, mechanical design and manufacturing, mechanics of materials, and computer-aided aircraft manufacturing.
the main discipline of "aircraft power engineering" also includes power engineering and engineering thermophysics. Core knowledge will also include materials mechanics, fluid mechanics, engineering thermodynamics, aerodynamics, heat transfer, automatic control principle, aero-engine principle and other courses.
The core knowledge of "Aircraft Environment and Life Support Engineering" also includes heat transfer, gas dynamics, aerospace physiology, engineering thermodynamics and so on.
Before you apply for the specific courses of various majors, you can refer to the course schedules on the websites of various universities to see if there are any courses you can't handle. From my personal point of view, the arrangement of these professional courses is suitable for smart, rigorous and comprehensive science students.
employment direction
many people think that the scope of employment is relatively narrow. In fact, I feel that there are still many employment channels. There are also two main employment directions, one is aerospace and the other is aviation.
First, the direction of aerospace:
The main direction of aerospace is to go to aerospace institutes, from the First Aerospace Institute (Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology), the Second Aerospace Institute (also known as Changfeng Group), the Third Aerospace Institute (also known as Haiying Group), the Fourth Aerospace Institute (also known as Aerospace Chemical Power Research Institute) to the Tenth Aerospace Institute, and there are many research institutes and factories under each aerospace institute. That is, we often hear about "Aerospace Science and Technology Group" and "Aerospace Science and Technology Group". In fact, the research institutes, institutes and business divisions under these two groups are basically the main scientific research forces of China Aerospace, that is to say, most aerospace products are developed by them.
Second, the direction of aviation:
1. If you learn well, you can do research, design and production in major aviation manufacturers or aircraft parts manufacturers, such as Hafei, Shen Fei, Xifei, Chengfei and Guifei.
2. Of course, you can also go to the military factory to participate in the production of aircraft, or you can go to the army to do ground handling.
3. You can also work in a civil aviation company, and work in various airlines.
4. You can also go to an aircraft maintenance company, such as Xiamen Taikoo (both Shandong Taikoo and Sichuan Taikoo).
It's just that there are more research-oriented units in aircraft design and engineering, such as research institutes, research institutes and design bureaus. The employment direction of aircraft manufacturing engineering will be more like aircraft manufacturers and airline maintenance. In the case of aircraft power engineering, some people are in research institutes, some are doing maintenance at airports, and there are more people going to aero-engine factories.
In addition, many technical achievements in aerospace science have been applied to civil production, especially in fields such as communication, meteorology, electronics, automobiles and air conditioning. Therefore, many companies in these fields also prefer students majoring in aerospace, which provides more choices for graduates.
In addition, I have summarized all the aviation, aerospace institutes and research units and given them education on everything. There are about several hundred units. If you are interested, you can ask them for more information.
Employment situation
The employment situation of this kind of majors is still optimistic. Undergraduate students basically go to state-owned enterprises, and master's degree can enter graduate schools. The treatment depends on the location of the work unit. The treatment in each place is different, and the salary in different positions is different, but overall it is not bad. Because there are many state-owned enterprises, the salary is not the highest, but the benefits add up to considerable.
To sum up, the salaries of the first-line domestic aerospace enterprises are relatively high. Generally, the monthly salary of undergraduates is more than 4, to 5, yuan, and the annual salary of graduate students is between 8, and 1, yuan, which will be improved in two years, but the salary will increase slowly. The wages of second-tier enterprises may not be so high, but the welfare benefits are also good.
Generally, the employment rate is good, as long as you study better, you can approach 1%.
Students around
As far as our class is concerned, the employment situation is very good. Most of the students in our class are signed by AVIC or some factories of the People's Liberation Army. Because I didn't write this major alone, a large group of friends from Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, China Southern Airlines, Tsinghua and Xiamen University discussed it together, so the employment situation of their schools is generally known. Basically, the employment rate of these schools is generally 9%.
Development prospects
In my opinion, in the past few years, the prospects of this kind of major will be very good. Why do you say that? Look at the actions of China's aerospace in recent years, the big plane that aviation is doing, and aerospace is developing towards manned lunar exploration. In addition, the future competition for resources may be oriented to space resources, and even the future war will be integrated with space and space. China has already realized this aspect, and the country definitely needs talents in this field.
School recommendation
If I have to recommend a university, it's two universities in North China and two universities in South China. That is, Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines, plus Beijing Institute of Technology. Maybe many people think why I don't recommend Tsinghua and Peking University, saying that universities such as Tsinghua and Peking University are more famous, but in our industry's view, Tsinghua can't rank first in this kind of major. If you know people in our industry, you can also consult them to see if they agree or disagree with me.
Beihang University's words are mainly due to its superior geographical location. In recent years, it has recruited many excellent students, but Beihang University's scores are scary and its cost performance is relatively low.
Although the geographical location of Xigong University is not very good, its predecessor is an old military industry, and it has an extremely profound faculty and is highly recognized in the industry. At present, most of the chief engineers of all types of aircraft in China, such as J-1, J-7 and J-2, are graduates of Xigong University. Because of the geographical problem, the score is not too high, that is, exchange the region for a good school.
There are a large number of doctoral and master's mobile stations in Harbin Institute of Technology. Harbin Institute of Technology is the boss of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and everyone recognizes that less than half of the chief designers and technicians of Shenzhou are from Harbin Institute of Technology.
The certification rate of China Southern Airlines in the southeast coastal provinces is relatively high. If you want to work in the south, China Southern Airlines is also quite good.
As for which of the four universities is better, namely Xigong University, Harbin Institute of Technology, Beihang University and China Southern Airlines, there is no need to care about this. Of course, there are other schools that I may not list. If you are interested, please call and ask.
Precautions
1. Aerospace has been very hot in recent years, and then everyone thinks that it is a tall career, and everyone is rushing to report, but you have to make sure whether you really like it or are vain. This industry is not the task that you can be assigned to spacecraft and explore the moon when you enter, and many people will also become airline maintenance. In other words, this is just a very ordinary industry, not a high one. You should consider all these before volunteering, and don't enter this industry with sincerity, only to find that it is not what you think.
3. Some people worry that aerospace majors will have to work in hard and remote areas after graduation. In fact, there are many aerospace research institutions in big cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Xi 'an, Qingdao and Shenyang.
4. In the future, applying for aerospace majors is not to be pilots or astronauts, but to train technical talents, so this major has no special requirements for physical conditions.
5. In addition, aerospace majors require students to have good logical thinking ability and practical ability. The requirements for mechanics, mathematics and physics are very high. Therefore, students with excellent grades in mathematics and physics, strong logical thinking ability and independent research ability are more suitable to choose this major.
6. The research direction of aerospace research majors is the frontier of science and technology, which is not only the application process of knowledge, but also a scientific research process, because only using existing knowledge is far from enough. In the process of research and development,