On November 7, 1910, (American) pilot Philip Parmaley made the first air cargo flight in a Wright-type biplane.
Summary of knowledge points in "Introduction to Aeronautics and Astronautics"
1. Fill in the blanks or choose
1. The date of the manned flight of the hydrogen balloon was December 1, 1783 , the person who took off was (Blanchard)
2. On January 7, 1985, the Frenchman (Blanchard) and the American Jeffries flew across the English Channel for the first time in a hydrogen balloon
3.During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the Paris defenders used balloons to transport letters and evacuated personnel outside the city
4. In World War I, balloons were mainly used for (reconnaissance) and interception of aircraft
5. The year the airship was born was (1852), and the inventor was Giffard of France
6. The first to install a gas engine on an airship and invent a practical airship It is (Dumont)
7. The inventor of the rigid airship is (Zebrin)
8. In 1926, Zeppelin Company manufactured the Lz-127 rigid airship, named (Count Zebrin) No.)
9. The inventors of manned hot air balloons are the French (Mongolfier) ??brothers
10. A balloon is an aircraft that is lighter than air. Utilizing the laws of physics (buoyancy)
11. The date of the manned free flight of the hot air balloon was October 15, 1783. The people who took off were Rozier and Dalanders
13. In 1936, the Lz-129 airship built by Zeppelin Company had a total airbag volume of (200,000 cubic meters)
14. The fixed-wing idea was developed by the father of British aviation in the early 19th century. Proposed by (Kelly)
15. The first aircraft design patent was obtained by the British Hanson in (1843)
16. The world’s first aviation research group, the British The Aeronautical Society was established in (1866)
17. The wind tunnel, an important tool for aviation research, was invented by the British (Venham) in 1871
18.1891 In 1896, Lilienthal *** carried out (2500) multiple gliding flights, the farthest reaching 300 meters
19. The Americans (Langley) were the closest to a successful invention before the Wright brothers Plane man
20. The core of the fixed-wing idea is to separate the (propulsion) function and (lifting) function of the bird's wings and realize them separately
21. Donald Douglas graduated Majored in mechanical engineering at MIT, founded Douglas Corporation in 1920
22. (Air-to-surface missiles) can be installed on drones
23. Modern air The refueling method is no longer the "throw the rope" method.
Refueling in the air mainly includes (hose refueling and hard tube refueling)
24. The third stage of refueling is (refueling stage)
25. Aerial refueling The shortcomings of the aircraft are very obvious. Its biggest problem is (it has no self-defense capability)
26. One winter in 1913, in order to assist the troops in fighting the invading Outer Mongolian army, the Beiyang government dispatched the "Gaodelong" type An aircraft, driven by Pan Shizhong, director of the repair shop of Nanyuan Aviation School, and Wu Wenwen, a pilot student, flew to Hohhot (formerly known as Duolun) (to investigate the Mongolian army's garrison and troop deployment, and bomb the Mongolian army)
27. Military reconnaissance aircraft during World War I mainly used (visual reconnaissance)
28. There are three situations in the development of modern strategic reconnaissance aircraft (one is modified from a strategic bomber; the other is Using modified transport aircraft, the third one was specially developed)
29. One of the difficulties of the "hump airlift" was that it lasted for a long time, more than 3 years, the specific time was (May 1942 to 1945 September)
30. With the invention of the airplane, air transportation, the most convenient, fastest and safest (fifth) mode of transportation in the world, entered the three-dimensional space
31.1910 On November 7, (U.S.) pilot Philip Parmaley made the first air cargo flight in a Wright biplane
32. On December 12, 1915, the world's first cargo aircraft designed by (Junkers) A strut-less cantilevered all-metal single-seat aircraft J1 made its first test flight.
33. The F.VIIb-3m three-engine passenger aircraft developed by the famous aviator and aircraft designer (Fokker) successfully made its first flight on March 12, 1925, becoming the world’s standard civil aviation aircraft.
On February 8, 1933, the Boeing 247, an all-metal twin-engine monoplane passenger aircraft developed by the American Boeing Company, made its first successful flight.
35. On July 15, 1916, Boeing founded Pacific Aircraft Manufacturing Company
36. (Mi-24) is the first special-purpose aircraft designed by the Soviet Mili Design Bureau Gunship, NATO calls it "Hind".
37. The United States is the country with the most developed police aviation. The New York Police Department established its first police aviation team in 1929 and used police helicopters for the first time in 1948. Today, the team has 7 helicopters and 60 members
38. Since 1994 Since the (Wuhan) Municipal Public Security Bureau purchased my country's first police helicopter, public security systems in Zhengzhou, Nanjing, Xi'an, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have also purchased police helicopters and established police aviation teams.
my country’s first maritime rescue flight team was established in 2003. At that time, there were only two helicopters. By August 2009, 10 helicopters and 2 fixed-wing aircraft were stationed in 4 flying teams along my country's coast, with a rescue radius of more than 110 nautical miles. A three-dimensional sea and air rescue system covering major coastal sea areas has initially been formed along my country's coast. system.
40. The 2008 Olympic Games promoted the development of Beijing police aviation, and a police aviation team with (4) helicopters was established.
41. Since my country organized its first Antarctic expedition in 1984, it has successfully completed 26 Antarctic scientific expeditions and 3 Arctic scientific expeditions in just 25 years. In 1999, my country's (Z-9) helicopter went to the Antarctic for the first time. Subsequently, it went to the Antarctic three times and the Arctic twice, successfully completing tasks such as transporting materials, commuting personnel, and aerial path exploration during scientific expeditions.
On January 3, 1980, naval pilot Guo Wencai was the first to fly a carrier-based helicopter into the air, and then descended steadily while aiming at the center mark circle on the apron of the scientific research ship. The first landing of our military’s ship-borne helicopter was achieved.
43. The SA321 "Super Hornet" is a three-engine medium-sized multi-purpose helicopter that France began to develop in 1960. It made its first test flight on December 7, 1962. In July 1963, this helicopter set several helicopter world records. Our country (Zhi 8) is a domestically improved version of the "Super Hornet".
44. The development history of helicopters is long and difficult. In ancient China, there was already a flying toy that seemed simple but actually encompassed all the basic principles of a helicopter: (bamboo dragonfly).
45. The helicopter fuselage is mainly used to load aircrew, passengers, cargo, equipment, fuel, etc., and connects various parts of the helicopter into a whole. In the past, fuselage structures were mostly made of light metal material aluminum, but now (composite materials) have been widely used in fuselage structures.
46. Among helicopters of various configurations, the most technically mature and widely used configuration is (single-rotor helicopter with tail rotor).
47. The American Bell Company and Boeing Company have cooperated and after decades of efforts, they have successfully designed and manufactured the (V-22 "Osprey") tilt-rotor aircraft, which has been put into service with the US military in batches.
48. The first helicopter to enter the battlefield was the R-4 of the American Sikorsky Company. It was sent to Burma in (1944) and served as an observation aircraft for the commander of the US military in Burma. They also served on the border between China and Myanmar
49. During the three-year Korean War, US military helicopters rescued as many as (23,000) wounded people. One of the benefits of using helicopters to rescue the wounded is that it buys valuable time for the treatment and rescue of the wounded.
50. The Vietnam War produced the world's first dedicated armed helicopter, which was developed by Bell Company on the basis of the UH-1B/C (AH-1 "Cobra").
51. In the war in Afghanistan in the 1980s, the former Soviet Union invested about 600 helicopters and participated in almost all military operations, posing a great threat to the local guerrillas.
52. In the Gulf War, among the 3,900 aircraft of the multinational force, there were about (2,000) helicopters. Among them, AH-64, AH-1 and other armed helicopters are used to attack frontline troops, surface ships, anti-tank and airborne escort, etc., and are supported by CH-47, UH-60, "Westland", "Puma" and other Helicopters are used for the transportation, rescue and air landing of soldiers and material equipment on the battlefield.
2. Questions and Answers
53. What rocket will my country’s Chang’e 1 lunar probe use to launch? Long March 3A
54. How many categories of artificial earth satellites are usually divided according to their orbits? Category 3
55. How many categories are artificial earth satellites usually divided according to their uses? Category 3
56. According to the working characteristics, which of the following satellites is an application satellite? Remote sensing satellite
57. How many parts do artificial earth satellites generally consist of? Part 2
58. How many stages are there generally in developing satellites? 4
59. What kind of satellite is the Hubble Space Telescope? Astronomical Satellite
60. What equipment does a communication satellite mainly rely on to complete its communication mission? Transponder
61. What is the biggest feature of mobile communication satellites? Provide communication services between mobile users
62. What kind of orbit do mobile communication satellites generally use? Geostationary orbit or low orbit
63. Compared with general communication satellites, what are the advantages of military communication satellites? Strong confidentiality, flexibility, and anti-interference
64. How many types of remote sensors do remote sensing satellites generally carry? Category 4
65. Under normal circumstances, which orbit is higher between meteorological satellites and resource satellites? Weather Satellite
66. How many rocket boosters are bundled with the Long March 3B rocket? 4
67. What are the main types of meteorological remote sensors currently used on meteorological satellites? Category 2
68. Which category of ocean satellite does China Ocean-1 belong to? Ocean Water Color Satellite
69. What type of application satellite does navigation satellite belong to? Space reference type
70. What is the main purpose of the infrared scanning detector on the missile early warning satellite? Determine the launch and its course by detecting the power combustion section of intercontinental missiles and rockets
3. True or False Questions:
1. The "Falcon" 7X is a product of the French Dassault Company for more than 30 years. The first development of a new business jet, it adopts many technological innovations, the most revolutionary of which is the first use of variable sweep wing technology on a business jet, giving Dassault a clear advantage in the competition in the high-end business jet market. Technical advantages. Error
2. The aerial working platform of China Maritime Surveillance Aviation Surveillance and Monitoring is two Y-8 China Maritime Surveillance aircraft, equipped with airborne remote sensing surveillance and monitoring equipment suitable for marine law enforcement management, with an annual patrol volume of nearly 500 hourly, increasingly showing its social, environmental and economic benefits. Error
3. The "gimmick" improved "Black Shark" of the Ka-50 began to be delivered in 1991, setting three world firsts: the first single-rotor rotor armed helicopter with tail rotor; currently in service The first armed helicopter to adopt an ejection life-saving system; the first single-seat armed helicopter. Error
IV. Supplementary questions and answers:
1. Which five subsystems does China’s lunar exploration project consist of?
① Lunar probe system; ② Launch vehicle system; ③ Launch site system; ④ Measurement and control communication system; ⑤ Ground application system
2. What are the three types of spacewalk technology development? stage?
Initial exploration stage (1965-1968, Ascendant-2, Gemini), improvement and strengthening stage (1969-1972, Soyuz, Apollo), development and improvement stage (1973-present, space station, space shuttle).