This kind of collective corruption is not based on individual behavior, but follows the principle of "equal interests", that is, establishing a "collective interest** community", and the participants are blessed** ** Share the benefits, share the hardships, and achieve "all losses, all prosperity". Its manifestations include collective bribery, collective detention, collective smuggling, collective tax fraud, collective corruption, collective dereliction of duty, collective reselling, collective fraud, collective waste, etc. In short, all forms of economic crimes or disciplinary violations can be committed in the name of the collective. These people who "collectively invest" in crimes or violate disciplines think that they can stay together as a group, "work together to hide crimes", report to the outside world in unison, and share risks, resulting in a lack of rule of law. This situation has even given rise to so-called "corporate crime".
2. Official-private store type
Official-private store refers to private hotels, dance halls and other industries run directly by party and government cadres or indirectly through their families and relatives. Nationwide, there are a large number of private government stores. Their common feature is to seek huge profits through non-economic means such as social capital and power and "back door", and participate in unfair market competition. Exchanging power for money is the innate condition for this kind of government-private shops to make profits.
3. Law enforcement type
According to a report by Xinhua News Agency in January 2003, Chen Yi, general manager of Hebei Fuli Glassware Co., Ltd., was investigated by the Hebei Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection for suspected serious violations of discipline. Xinhua News Agency reported in January 2003 that Chen Yi, general manager of Hebei Fuli Glassware Co., Ltd., joined forces with Yu Junyi, the former deputy president of the People's Court of Pingquan County, Hebei Province, and Li Shengyin, the former judge of Xiaomiaogou Court of Pingquan County, to investigate a fake case. A series of frauds, including a fake trial and a fake verdict, attempted to cover up the shocking fact: more than 7 million yuan! State-owned assets shall be appropriated as one's own. Among law enforcement criminals, the one with the highest official position is Li Jizhou, the former deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security. From 1994 to 1997, he took advantage of his position as assistant minister and deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security to accept bribes and intervene in the smuggling activities of criminals by lower-level public security organs. investigation.
Four. System loophole type
That is, exploiting various loopholes in the system, hyping up the price difference caused by approval, quotas, blanket, and dual-track manufacturing, and using their own power resources to formulate and During the approval and implementation process, policy dead ends and management loopholes were exploited. Judging from the many corruption cases detected in mainland China in recent years, a considerable number of them are due to management loopholes. For example, a person named Ying Haiming of Shougang Second Wire Rod Factory was responsible for the distribution, processing, acceptance, and repurchase of materials. Without any restrictions, he took advantage of his job as a dispatcher in the production department from 1971 to 1994 to embezzle and embezzle more than 1.5 million yuan in public funds.
5. Hidden gray type
In public-owned enterprises, due to the expansion of corporate autonomy, power is concentrated on factory directors and managers, with vague apportionment, "red envelopes" and "kickbacks" In addition, due to the restructuring of enterprises and the implementation of rewards for operators, the income gap between operators (especially business contractors and foremans) and producers has rapidly expanded. Together with other invisible incomes, some are as high as dozens, dozens, Hundreds of times, the annual salary of the general manager of some companies is as high as one million yuan or more. There are various signs that the problem of leading cadres accepting red envelopes and gifts has not only not been fundamentally curbed, but has spread secretly, and the amounts have become larger and larger. Many corrupt officials start by accepting red envelope gifts and gradually slide into the abyss of crime.
6. Selling officials and getting titles
An important trend in corruption in China today is that if you want to trade power for money, you must first buy out the wives, children, family members, relatives, secretaries, etc. of leading cadres.
According to a report by Xinhua News Agency in 2003, Heilongjiang Province has a serious corruption problem. According to the criminal verdict of the Daqing Intermediate People’s Court, Niu Fengyu, deputy director of the Heilongjiang Forest Industry Administration, was removed from the job during promotion and appointment. In addition to taking bribes of 1 million yuan, he also accepted 1 million yuan in bribes and was sentenced to 12 years in prison. Ma De, secretary of the Suihua District Committee of Heilongjiang Province, sold his position to more than 260 cadres at or above the county level and made more than 20 million yuan in wealth. He was later arrested.
7. Industry monopoly
Some state employees in finance, stocks, insurance, foreign trade, customs, real estate, circulation industries and industries protected by national special policies use power and money transactions to gain profits. Self-interest is easier to achieve than in other industries.
8. Power and sex transaction type
An important reason why many officials accelerate corruption is that heroes have a hard time with beauties and keep married women. It is said that the beauty is hidden in the golden house, and it must be done This must be guaranteed by financial resources. So power-sex trading and power-money trading are mixed together. Former Jiangxi Governor Ni Xianze, former member of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and Beijing Municipal Party Committee Secretary Chen Xitong, and former Beijing Vice Mayor Wang Baosen all fall into this category.
9. Carpe diem
According to a report by China News Service on March 13, 2000, Huang Zhenjiang, the former manager of the comprehensive business department of Liaoning Oriental Securities Company, brought illegal gains with him in June 1995. He fled to Harbin and squandered more than 2.5 million yuan with a woman in the past two years. During this period, he also kept a girl for 70,000 yuan a week, an average of 10,000 yuan a day. He also buried 2 million in cash next to the embankment in Harbin, but was dug out by others, but he did not dare to report the crime. Wu Qianfu, the accountant of Haikou Zhendong Credit Union, embezzled 72,000 yuan in eight months. Once he used a car to carry the embezzled 580,000 yuan in cash. The money was robbed and he was beaten, but he did not dare to report the crime; he was A frequent visitor to the dance hall, he moved around pretty girls like a revolving door. He gave women gifts for RMB 50,000 and gathered people to gamble for RMB 100,000 and RMB 200,000. He also bought 4 luxury cars for 2 million yuan at a time and formed a fleet of cars with his buddies. !
10. Clan paternalism
The central government has pointed out that some grassroots party organizations are controlled by clan forces. Wang Yunzhong, the former village party branch secretary of Zhaohou Village, Xuliang Town, Boai County, Henan Province, regarded the village as his own, set up his own company, became the company's big boss, occupied four courtyards in the village, took collective property into private ownership, and even purchased weapons and ammunition. , gathered local gangsters and tortured and exploited the villagers wantonly. In Baodi County, Tianjin, there is a typical national township enterprise - Daqiuzhuang. There once was Yu Zuomin here, one of the most famous peasant entrepreneurs in the country. Like the village chief, he not only turned the entire enterprise into an independent kingdom, but also turned it into a "family world", allowing his children and relatives to control various departments. He also set up private courts at will to torture villagers or employees.
11. Red-black collusion type
According to investigations by relevant departments, in many provinces and regions, criminal gangs and even well-organized underworld forces control resources, control transportation, and monopolize the market. , driving up prices, collecting protection fees, black and white business and other economic activities, there is great penetration. They collude with the government and clans, engage in all kinds of lawlessness, and even go overseas! They collude with the government, clan forces, various lawless elements and even overseas underworld, seriously disrupting social order.
12. Family members are vulgar
According to a report by China News Service on March 13, 2000, Wei Shizhong, the deputy mayor of Yingtan City, Jiangxi Province, has always been very honest. In order to refuse to accept gifts, he During the holidays, he even took his whole family to hide in relatives' houses, because this way he could avoid accepting gifts and not hurt the face of the gift-giver. But his wife Hou Shui'e later quit the job. She yelled at her husband: "What are you afraid of? Everyone else does this. If you don't do it, you will be a fool. I will take care of anything. It has nothing to do with you." Under Hou's instigation many times, the couple both For accepting bribes, Wei was sentenced to 15 years in prison and his wife was sentenced to 4 years in prison. Han Fucai, deputy director of the Qinghai Provincial People's Congress, married his 22-year-old wife Ma Yulong, an old man and a young wife, and Han followed Ma's advice. One report described the couple's bribery process: "For foreign money, he didn't dare to accept it, but she did; it was inconvenient for him to accept it, but she did." As a result, Han Fucai was sentenced to eight years in prison, and Ma Yulong was also sentenced to three years in prison with five years of probation.
13. The rising star and the fallen type
Many young cadres who had promising prospects and even young senior cadres have fallen into the abyss of economic crimes. Hu Jianxue, the former secretary of the Municipal Party Committee of Tai'an City, Shandong Province, who was the youngest prefecture-level leading cadre in the province, was sentenced to death with a suspended death sentence for bribery and corruption. Wei Cangping, former deputy secretary of the party committee and general manager of Hebei Petroleum Company, was sentenced to death with a suspended death sentence for committing corruption and accepting bribes. He was only 39 years old. Zhang Guowen, son of a martyr, hero of the self-defense counterattack against Vietnam, and former deputy commander of a main division of the People's Liberation Army, was sentenced to death for his involvement in Wuxi Deng Bin's 4.3 billion illegal fund-raising case.
14. Model Degenerate
Some middle-aged cadres who seemed to have both ability and political integrity eventually became prisoners under the temptation of money. Zhong Yuhui, the former deputy mayor of Nanjing, graduated from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics. He worked hard and had very impressive achievements. "People's Daily" once made a special report on him.
But he ultimately failed to resist the temptation of money and became a criminal for taking bribes. Zeng Jincheng, the former director of the Henan Provincial Department of Transportation, is a descendant of Zeng Guofan, a famous general in the Qing Dynasty. This top student graduated from the Department of Civil Engineering of Hunan University in 1968. He designed the second largest stone arch bridge in my country, the Huawan Bridge, at the age of 25. He started from road maintenance. As an engineer and technician, he was promoted step by step. He was once a prominent figure in the transportation department, but in the end he became a corrupt and bribe-taking person.
15. The end of the festival is not guaranteed
Many officials, even high-ranking officials, have done a lot of good things and even had very impressive political achievements. However, when they are about to retire, they have problems with doing things. A last ditch effort. China's "Democracy and Legal System" magazine once analyzed this phenomenon and called it "Twilight Tragedy" or "Fifty-Nine Phenomenon." These people always feel that they have worked for the party all their lives, but have not received any benefits, so when they are about to lose power, they come to "have the right to use it, and it will become invalid when it expires"!
16. Unknown property type
The first direct manifestation of various types of corruption is unclear property, because if the matter is not exposed, people cannot be convicted. And once investigated, it will turn into other specific types.
17. Violent corruption type
In mid-March 2000, Li Shaowu, deputy magistrate of Long'an County, Guangxi, which shocked Guangxi and Guangxi, was suspected of planning to use 360,000 yuan with Huang Zhongyuan, director of the township enterprise bureau of the county. The case of hiring five killers to kill someone has been prosecuted by the Nanning Branch of the Procuratorate of the Guangxi Autonomous Region to the Nanning District Intermediate Court in accordance with the law. The victim in this case, Yang Cong, was the director of the Environmental Protection Office of Long'an County and was a friend of Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan. After taking a leave of absence without pay, he asked Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan to borrow money to set up a company. Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan brought "money" into the company established in partnership with Yang, and made it easy for Yang's company to obtain a loan of 5.4 million yuan from the county and township enterprise foundation. After the benefits were unevenly distributed, Yang Cong threatened to take Li and Huang to court to discredit them so that they would not be able to serve as officials. As the county government was about to be elected, Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan were afraid that they would not be able to become officials, so they conspired to find a killer to kill Yang Cong. Therefore, Li and Huang hired five killers from the public for 360,000 yuan. On the evening of August 25, 1998, they took Yang Cong to a remote place and killed him with a butcher's knife and a dagger. Subsequently, Li Shaowu and Huang Zhongyuan took the huge sums of illegally obtained money for themselves.
18. Bribery with public funds
In bribery with public funds, some units do not hesitate to use "public" generosity for the benefit of their own unit, laying the foundation for broadening their path to promotion and wealth in the future. . For example, Pan Keming, the former director of the Zhengzhou Railway Bureau, repeatedly asked his subordinates to "visit" Luo Yunguang, the former deputy minister of the Ministry of Railways, Xu Jun, the former director of transportation, and others in Beijing to sell "seasonal products" ranging from fruits, sesame oils, beverages, etc. Freezers, gold rings, cash, video recorders and other valuables were continuously "tributed" to his immediate boss. Pan did this not only to "have a good relationship with his superiors", but also to pave the way for himself and find a protective umbrella. Deng Bin, an emerging industrial company in Wuxi, Jiangsu, made a sensation by illegally raising 3.2 billion in funds. During this period, she used public funds to bribe superior leaders and relevant important figures, and spent huge sums of money to allow certain cadres and their families to travel abroad. She used this modern and fashionable "emotional investment" method to win over the hearts of powerful people, and also squandered money for herself. Raising people’s hard-earned money paves the way.
19. Internal and external collusion type
Some non-law-abiding foreigners, Hong Kong and Taiwanese or overseas Chinese take advantage of the imperfections of our country’s economic and legal system to bribe certain people with power and resources , Such internal and external collusion caused a large amount of state-owned assets to flow out of the country. According to a report by the People's Daily on January 17, 2003, the state-owned Zhengzhou Instrument Factory abused its power by falsely reporting its registered capital and merging with a private company. More than 30 million yuan of state-owned assets were wiped out within two years. More than 200 employees were forced to lay off, and this private company signed a separation agreement with the instrument factory when it was unable to operate, and canceled the company name. It was a great success. The company existed in name only, and a good state-owned enterprise was eaten away by moths. This exposed serious loopholes in the management system of state-owned enterprises and the extreme weakness of the supervision and restriction mechanism.