The fake curly hair worn by Hong Kong judges is very similar to Newton's, but it is actually influenced by British culture. Because Hong Kong was ruled by Britain for one hundred years, it was deeply branded with British culture. In Britain and other western countries, courtesies are very developed. Judges in Britain and former Commonwealth countries and regions including Hong Kong wear a shawl wig on their heads, lawyers wear small wigs, and judges and lawyers wear robes, usually black. The trial under this decoration gives people a sense of ceremony.
The history of this kind of wig is recorded in the documents of ancient Egypt and Roman Empire. However, the popularity of European upper-class society is generally considered to be around 1620. Louis XIII wore a wig to hide his baldness, which made nobles who frequented the court follow suit. Then it became very popular in Europe, and even women wore various wigs to attend social occasions.
In the early days of wig popularity, there were some short stories. Because there was no heating system in Europe in the17th century, it was inconvenient for people to take a hot bath. In order to prevent the breeding of parasites, the best way is to keep short hair and put on long hair. Early wigs were made of human hair, such as debtors paying debts with their hair, or even dead people's hair ... At that time, in court, the smell of all kinds of wigs was suffocating, so that judges sometimes had to bring a bunch of flowers to disperse it. This situation didn't end until a man named Humphrey Ravenscroft invented the process of making wigs with ponytails.
Commonwealth lawyers wear wigs when they appear in court or attend major ceremonies, because it was popular at that time, and there was no mandatory legal requirement. But now, hundreds of years have passed, and exaggerated wigs are no longer fashionable, but have become the old-fashioned image of legal persons following tradition. Thomas, the third president of the United States? Jefferson once said, "(British judge) is like a mouse hiding under cotton wool and peeping out." Moreover, wigs are unsanitary, too hot, stinging and even ridiculous. However, it is hard to say change. People habitually associate wigs with status, identity and even justice. After lawyers were granted the right to appear in court, they failed to negotiate with the House of Lords many times because they were not qualified to wear wigs. Many defendants also preferred barristers who could wear wigs to defend them. It is said that wearing a wig is directly related to the ability to convince the jury.
However, the tradition of wigs is also influenced by modern civilization. After the investigation in 2008, the rule that wigs must be worn in court was cancelled. For many judges, the centuries-old tradition of wearing a white ponytail wig in court has ended, and a simpler new dress code has been implemented. However, there are also many objections. Some young judges and lawyers believe that wigs can enhance their authority, and once traditional costumes are abolished, the solemn atmosphere of the court will be destroyed. They think that some judges only wear a wig all their lives, even if they end up in rags, it is a symbol of seniority. According to a survey conducted by the Ministry of Justice, 70% of court staff want to keep wigs, while the public only has 42%.
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Horsetail wigs and gowns, which originated in the18th century, have always been the symbol of the British judicial system.
At present, only the court systems in Britain and a few countries maintain this habit. ...
According to historical records, the lawyer's black robe can be traced back to 1685, which was worn in mourning for charles ii's death.
The use of wigs began in the early18th century. At that time, wearing wigs was a fashion in European society. Only dignitaries, nobles, judges and lawyers can wear wigs, which has gradually formed a trend.
The wig currently used in court is designed as 1822.
At present, there are two main styles of palace wigs. One is a shoulder-length long vacation hair, which is worn at major events and ceremonial occasions; One is a short wig that only covers the top of the head and is usually worn in court.
The court under this decoration gives people a very solemn and ceremonial feeling. It is said that when a judge wears a black robe and a wig, he can hide his true colors, get rid of selfish distractions, become the embodiment of the rule of law, and handle cases impartially. ...
Judges wear wigs, which is the tradition of foreign British and American judges. This situation does not exist in Chinese mainland.
It is one of the most distinctive traditions of English courts that judges and lawyers wear wigs in court. Why do British judges and lawyers wear wigs? According to the research of historians and folklorists, the fashion tradition of wearing wigs in Britain began in 12 century. At that time, it was not just the patent of judges and lawyers. People in the upper class regard wearing wigs as a fashion and a formal dress for formal occasions or salons.
Experts pointed out that wigs used by judicial organs are different from ordinary wigs. In England, there are three curls on each side of the judicial wig, but there are only two in the royal family. Whether this represents a subtle metaphorical meaning is unknown. But Scots always quarrel with English people, because in Scotland, the situation is just the opposite, the royal family uses three curly wigs, and the judicial personnel only have two curly wigs. The average judge's wig costs more than 1500 pounds (equivalent to about RMB 18000 yuan), and the most common wig is not less than 300 pounds.
In litigation, judges and barristers should wear western wigs and robes, which means covering up their true colors and bodies and symbolizing legal justice. Everyone is equal before the law, regardless of age, sex or race.
The official status of a barrister is actually an "official of the court", so he also has the responsibility to safeguard legal justice. He should only debate the place and law when suing/debating, regardless of age, sex and race, so he should wear a wig and a robe to cover up his true face.
Junior lawyers are not allowed to speak in the High Court, so they don't have to wear wigs and robes.
In Hong Kong, barristers' dresses are all black. The judges' robes are not only all black, but also red, purple and black. Different colors represent different levels of judges. Usually, judges only wear small silver wigs at trial. Shoulder-length wigs were first used in the Rio Grande. The barrister's wig is also silver, but it has two braids.
Senior barristers sometimes have dark gray/tan wigs that change color because they can be washed, and heavy smokers smoke.
It's actually a wig! The wig worn by the judge belongs to the official wig, indicating his official position. Is to create an atmosphere, in case you can't tell it's a wig. Therefore, this kind of wig gives people a particularly inhuman feeling, that is to say, the person wearing it doesn't look like a human being, and it wants to regard the judge as an inhuman, non-god, half-man, half-god thought. I think this structure has its special significance. Wigs arouse people's faith in law and hope for justice.
Some people say that judges wear wigs to show respect, while lawyers wear wigs to cover up and protect them to some extent. At present, there are two main styles of palace wigs, one is shoulder-length long hair, which is worn at major events and ceremonial occasions; One is a short wig that only covers the top of the head and is usually worn in court. The atmosphere created by wigs, robes and other costumes highlights the extreme importance of the role of judge and the extreme importance of this position. The wig is a symbol of the judge's majesty and law, not an ornament, nor is it for looking good. The judgment has nothing to do with it.
It is said that when a judge wears a black robe and a wig, he can hide his true colors, get rid of selfish distractions, become the embodiment of the rule of law, and handle cases impartially.
Wearing a wig was a long time ago, and this tradition or habit can be traced back to the 65438+60s, during the Restoration of charles ii, England. On the one hand, charles ii lived in exile for a long time. When he returned to England, the fashion of wearing wigs in France also spread to England. In addition, after the restoration of charles ii, the originally antagonistic short-haired round skull party and the long-haired knight party reached a compromise. In order to eliminate this obvious opposition in hair, wigs are established as the best political cover.
After wigs became popular in this way, British judges began to wear wigs. The bigger the wigs, the more exaggerated they were, which represented the nobler the status of judges. However, wigs at that time were only fashionable decorations and had no specific legal significance.
Later, due to the criticism and ridicule of public opinion on wigs, ordinary Britons began to slowly give up the custom of wearing wigs, and only judges and trial lawyers kept them. Over time, wearing a wig has become a professional symbol and habit of judges. Later, someone improved the judge's wig, and the judge's wig style was slowly fixed. Therefore, judges in Britain and Hong Kong wear wigs mainly because of a long-standing habit. The service life and wearing degree of wigs also reflect the qualification of judges to some extent, which is an intuitive reflection. Therefore, in 2008, the new British law stipulated that "except for judges who try criminal cases, most judges and lawyers in the country can no longer wear wigs in court." Sometimes, some people will refuse. However, because the law does not force judges to wear wigs, some judges now wear wigs, while others choose to go into battle lightly.
The tradition left by the British,
Hong Kong was once a British colony. After the return of Hong Kong, the judicial system still follows the British tradition, so the wigs of judges and lawyers are preserved.
Then why is there such a tradition in Britain?
Report 1
In the Middle Ages, British judicial personnel suffered from serious hair loss due to overwork. Baldness is common. In order to maintain a good image, lawyers and judges routinely wear white wigs in court.
Statement 2
At about 1620, Louis XIII wore a wig to cover up his baldness. The royal family and nobles followed suit, including judges and lawyers, and brought this fashion into the judiciary.
Statement 3
There is also a saying that in order to strengthen the dignity and power of the courts and judges, so that judges and lawyers are not influenced by subjectivity and maintain a fair attitude, headgear and robes are used between judges and lawyers to create a "dehumanizing" atmosphere.
Regardless of the secular moral standards, judges and lawyers should exclude all external interference and protect the interests of the parties to the maximum extent.
Regarding this statement, Professor He Weifang said, "The profession of judge holds the power of life and death and has great power. He must have some sacred qualities. The parties also have an expectation that he can surpass ordinary people. "
The older the judicial wig, the better.
The old and new wigs of judges and lawyers in Hong Kong often mean the professional level of judges and lawyers. The older the wig, the more experienced the judge and lawyer.
So many lawyers never take care of wigs in order to look older.
Early wigs were made of human hair, such as the hair used by debtors to pay off debts, or the hair of dead people (well, it's scary to think of it). In 1822, the hair cover is made of horse hair. Because horse hair is hard to get, it is said that it takes a skilled craftsman 44 hours to make a wig, so wigs are more expensive. The wig of a British judge exceeds 1500, and the wig is generally not less than 300.
There are many styles of wigs, such as shawl wigs, long-eared wigs and short wigs with braids.
Shawl wig, the judge will wear it at the annual legal meeting, but not at work at ordinary times.
Woven wigs are generally worn by temporary judges (informally appointed judges) and special judges (temporary judges selected from trial lawyers and vacation judges) during court sessions.
In fact, not all judges wear wigs when they appear in court. For example, judges of the Court of Final Appeal established after 1997 do not wear wigs at all. Judges of local courts, such as those of the coroner's court, do not wear them when they appear in court; Judges of the High Court do not wear wigs when hearing in chambers.
The custom that judges wear fake originated from ancient Europe.
There was a popular saying in ancient Europe that all diseases originated from water, so at that time, except for inevitable eating and drinking, we tried not to touch water in other cases.
So ancient Europeans didn't bathe or wash their hair for a long time!
And 90% white people have different degrees of body odor, plus they don't take a shower or wash their hair ... you can imagine what the result will be.
Therefore, in ancient Europe, there was a great demand for spices and perfumes, the main purpose of which was to cover up the body odor. That's why French perfume is so famous now.
In addition to perfume can cover body odor, ancient Europeans also invented wigs. Imagine that if you don't wash your hair for a long time, your hair will be dirty, and it is not enough to cover it up simply by wearing a hat. The custom of wearing wigs was thus formed.
The custom of wearing hats and wigs in ancient Europe was rooted in not taking a bath.
After entering modern civilization, Europeans have a correct understanding of diseases, and fewer people start to take a bath and wash their hair, wearing wigs and hats, but in some cases, such as judges, these customs have been retained.
There was an answer in front that it was because of keeping warm. I don't know where he came from, and it has nothing to do with the facts. The knowledge that ancient Europeans wore wigs because they didn't take a shower is recognized in Europe and America. Just generally don't mention this, who will often mention that ancestors didn't bathe or wash their hair, which was dirty and smelly? !
In fact, not only in ancient Europe, but also in ancient China. Although people in ancient China took a bath, it was really troublesome to wash their hair. First, you need hot water to wash your hair. In ancient times, both men and women had long hair. If you wash your hair often, boiling hot water is also a big expense. Those who live in the city need to buy firewood (need money), while those who live in the country need to chop firewood (need time and energy). Secondly, the ancient people washed their hair directly or with soapstone, and the cleaning effect was not good. So people in ancient China also wore hats. They also invented a tool: a comb, a comb tool made of bamboo. The teeth are very thin and closely arranged, which can comb out the dirt and parasites in the hair, and combine the way of washing hair and wearing a hat to ensure the hygiene of the hair.
In British history, the wig worn by judges actually originated in Parliament. Because Cromwell's parliamentary troops all shaved their heads, and they were tit for tat with the long hair of the Wang Party. After the King's return to the British Wall, there was still a tit-for-tat attack or even a fight between the parliament and the court because the parliamentarians and judicial personnel of both sides stayed behind and did not break away from the law. In the end, they had to compromise with each other under the mediation of Ying Yu and wear wigs in court and parliament to show justice. So this tradition has been handed down.