I. Current Situation of Population Migration
Population migration refers to the movement of population within a certain timeframe and across certain boundaries of the place of residence, which contains three elements: time, space and behavior, including migration accompanied by changes in domicile and migration without changes in domicile, and is a more complex demographic process than the process of birth and death of the population.
(i) The scale of population migration flows has increased substantially.
Since the reform and opening up, the population migration flow in Jilin Province has been rapidly active, and its scale and intensity have been significantly improved and enhanced compared with that before the reform and opening up. According to the fifth population census in 2000, the total number of migrant population in Jilin Province was as high as 3.557 million, accounting for 13.27% of the total population of Jilin Province, compared with the fourth population census in 1990, the migrant population has increased by 2.353 million people, an increase of nearly three times. Among them, 2.641 million people left their hukou in the province, accounting for 74.25% of the total number of migrating population, 608,000 people moved to other provinces, accounting for 17.09%, and 308,000 people moved into Jilin Province from other provinces, accounting for 8.66%. It shows that the number and scale of population migration and flow after the reform and opening up has had a rapid growth and expansion, and the main focus is on population migration and flow within the province.
(2) Interprovincial Migration of Population
According to the fifth population census, during the five-year period from November 1, 1995 to October 31, 2000, the population of Jilin Province that had migrated to other provinces amounted to 608,000 people, an increase of 253,000 people, or 71.27%, compared with that of the Fourth Census of 1990, and the proportion of the total population in the census reached 2.23%, an increase of 0.83 percentage points compared with that of the Fourth Census. An increase of 0.83 percentage points.
From the inter-provincial migration of population from Jilin Province in the Fifth Census, the population of Jilin Province moving to foreign provinces showed the following characteristics:
1. The population moving to the eastern coastal provinces increased substantially, reaching 73.18%.
While the population of Jilin Province moving out of the province radiates to all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, it mainly moves to the more economically developed coastal provinces. According to the data of the fifth survey, the population moved to 12 provinces in the eastern region amounted to 445,000 people, accounting for 73.18% of the population moved out of Jilin Province, an increase of 232,000 people over the fourth survey, an increase of more than double. Among them, the provinces with larger growth rates were Guangdong Province, where the population moved to 31,000, an increase of 25,000 from the Fourth Population Survey, a 4.3-fold increase; Tianjin City, where the population moved to 19,000, an increase of 14,000 from the Fourth Population Survey, a 3.15-fold increase; Beijing City, where the population moved to 47,000, an increase of 33,000 from the Fourth Population Survey, a 2.22-fold increase; and those with growth of more than 1-fold included Shanghai, Fujian Province, Zhejiang Province and Guangxi District.
In the population moving to the eastern region, the population moving to Liaoning Province was 174,000, an increase of 85,000 people over the Fourth Population Survey, an increase of 95.77%, accounting for 28.58% of the population moving out of the province in Jilin Province, which is 11,000 people more than the total population moving to the central and western regions. The number of people moving to Shandong Province was 106,000, an increase of 46,000, or 75.24%, over the fourth generalization, accounting for 17.44% of the population moving out of the province in Jilin Province.
2. The number of people moving to the central region reached 148,000, an increase of 17.79%.
From the information shown in the fifth survey, the population of Jilin Province moving to eight provinces in the central region amounted to 148,000, an increase of 22,000 people or 17.79% over the fourth survey. With the exception of Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang Province and Shanxi Province, where the population increased by 39.73%, 23.86% and 21.50% respectively, the remaining five provinces showed a downward trend. The declines were 48.16% in Hunan Province, 46.80% in Jiangxi Province, 38.70% in Henan Province, 37.54% in Hubei Province and 13.09% in Anhui Province.
3. The population that moved to the western region was 15,000 people, down 4.85 percent.
From the information shown in the fifth survey, the number of people who moved to the 10 western provinces in Jilin Province was 15,000, a drop of 4.85% compared with the fourth survey. This represents only 2.44% of the population of Jilin Province that moved out of the province. The provinces showing a significant downward trend are Sichuan Province, down 59.78%, Gansu Province, down 43.73%, Qinghai Province, down 37.44%, Shaanxi Province, down 27.88%.
4. Interprovincial migration is dominated by proximity, and the distribution is relatively concentrated
Though the interprovincial migration of population in Jilin Province radiates to all provinces of the country, it is mainly manifested as proximity migration, and the distribution is relatively concentrated. Among the population that moved out of the province during the five-population period, neighboring provinces accounted for a larger proportion. The four provinces and regions of Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang together amounted to 412,600 people, accounting for 67.78% of the population of Jilin moving out of the province, and showing a relatively large increase, with growth rates of 95.77%, 75.24%, 39.73% and 23.86% respectively.
5. Inter-provincial relocation of the working population with higher education, brain drain
According to the results of the calculation of the relevant data of the 2000 National Population Census, the working population of Jilin Province moving to other provinces has a higher level of education (see Table 2), of which those with higher education of college degree or above accounted for 15.94%, which is listed as 6th in the whole country, and it is 10.98 percentage points higher than the national average; the percentage of those with higher education is 15.94%, which is higher than the national average. 10.98 percentage points higher than the national average; those with secondary education accounted for 18.44%, ranking 11th in the country, 4.56 percentage points higher than the national average. It shows that Jilin Province, as an economically underdeveloped province, has a relatively high level of education among the working population, and is a talent-exporting province. The economic development of Jilin Province, there was a talent bottleneck, the brain drain will add to the problem, to enhance the industrial structure of Jilin Province, the long-term socio-economic development is bound to have a negative impact.
(C) inter-provincial migration of population
According to the fifth population census data show that the five years from November 1, 1995 to October 31, 2000, by the provinces moved into Jilin Province, the population of 308,000 people, an increase of 70,000 people over the fourth census, an increase of 29.41%. Compared with the out-migrating population, there was a net out-migration of 300,000 people from the province. It can be seen that, despite the increase in the number of people moving into the province, it has not changed the situation since 1990, when the number of people moving out of the province exceeded the number of people moving in, and it is a net out-migration province among the provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the country.
1. The data in Table 3 show that, of the population moving into Jilin from outside the province, 132,000 people moved in from 12 provinces in the eastern region, an increase of 12,000 people, or 9.85 percent, over the Fourth Population Survey, and accounting for 42.69 percent of the total number of people moving in. The provinces with the largest increases were Fujian Province by a factor of 1.7, Jiangsu Province by a factor of 1.4, Zhejiang Province by a factor of 40.50%, and Hebei Province by a factor of 27.04%. At the same time the provinces with larger decreases are Guangxi District decreased by 72.58%, Tianjin City decreased by 69.65%, Beijing City decreased by 56.73%.
2. The number of people who moved into Jilin Province from eight provinces in the central region was 159,000, an increase of 58,000 or 56.83% over the Fourth Population Survey, accounting for 51.58% of the total number of people who moved into the province. This shows that there has been a significant increase in the number of people moving in from the central region. Among the provinces with larger growth rates are Anhui Province with a fourfold increase, Hubei Province with a 3.8-fold increase, Henan Province with a 1.3-fold increase, and the other five provinces with double-digit growth rates except for Shanxi Province with a decline of 38.86%.
3. The number of people who moved into Jilin Province from the 10 provinces in the western region was 18,000, an increase of 0.2 million or 11.42% over the Fourth Population Survey, and accounted for 5.73% of the total number of people who moved into Jilin Province. And among the 10 provinces in the western region, except for Sichuan Province, which increased by 90.98%, all the other provinces decreased by more than 40%, while Ningxia District and Qinghai Province decreased by 80.78% and 74.02% respectively.
4. Inter-provincial migration of the working population with low education
According to the 2000 national census data, the education level of the working population migrated from other provinces to Jilin Province is much lower than the education level of the working population migrated out of Jilin Province, which forms a strong contrast. On the one hand, the highly qualified and educated population is moving out of Jilin Province, and on the other hand, the low-quality and low-educated population from other provinces is moving into Jilin Province. Only 2.46% of the working population in Jilin Province have higher education, ranking 29th in the country, 2.51 percentage points lower than the national average; 11.48% have secondary education, ranking 22nd in the country, 2.39 percentage points lower than the national average; at the same time, a large number of low-education population moved into Jilin Province, of which 82.79% of the working population in Jilin Province have primary education, 82.79% in the country, 2.39 percentage points lower than the national average; at the same time, a large number of low-education people have migrated to Jilin Province, of which 82.79% have primary education. At the same time, a large number of low-educated people moved into Jilin Province, of which the working population with primary education accounted for 82.79%, ranking 3rd in the country and 3.81 percentage points higher than the national average; illiteracy and semi-illiteracy accounted for 3.28%, ranking 17th in the country and 1.1 percentage points higher than the national average. It shows that low-quality and low-education population in foreign provinces, especially a large number of farmers migrated to Jilin Province
(4) The education level of the migrant population in Jilin Province
In the migrant population, the education level shows the characteristics of the two ends of the low and high in the middle, and in the migrant population within the province, especially the middle school education level of the population to migrate and flow in the highest proportion, the proportion of those who have not gone to school, the proportion of literacy classes and postgraduates were 3.10 percent, respectively. The proportion of graduate students is 3.10%, 0.34% and 0.32% respectively, and the three items together account for only 3.76%; while the proportion of elementary school, junior high school and senior high school is 17.12%, 32.37% and 19.00% respectively, and the three items together account for 68.49% of the total migratory flow of the population, and the proportion of the migratory flow of the population with junior high school education is the highest; the proportion of the population with junior high school, junior high school and bachelor's degree is 10.12%, and the proportion of the migratory flow of the population with bachelor's degree is 10.00%. The population with secondary school, college and bachelor's degree accounted for 10.23%, 9.65% and 7.87% respectively, totaling 27.75%
(E) Occupational composition of the migrant population in Jilin Province.
According to Jilin Province's five universal data, the occupational composition of the migrant population, whether it is migrating within the province or moving in and out of the province, is such that a large proportion of them are commercial service workers, production and transportation equipment operators, and agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery and water conservancy workers. The proportion of people engaged in these three occupations among those who migrated within the province amounted to 23.09%, 25.17% and 19.24%, or a total of 67.50%; the proportion of people engaged in these three occupations among those who entered from outside the province was 26.77%, 34.04% and 28.11%, or a total of 88.92%. This shows that the most important reason for migratory behavior is to work and do business.
The second most important reason is the migration of professional and technical personnel and clerical and related personnel, which accounted for 18.11% and 9.28% respectively in the province, and 5.33% and 2.86% outside the province.
The third is the migratory flow of heads of state organs, party and group organizations, enterprises and institutions and other inconveniently classified practitioners, with the proportion of migratory flow within the province being 4.79% and 0.32% respectively; and the proportion of those moving in and flowing in from outside the province being 2.64% and 0.25%.
(F) Age Composition of the Migrating Population in the Province
According to the data of Jilin Province, the age of the migrating population in the province is characterized by a lower proportion of the lower and higher age groups, and a larger proportion of young adults. The proportion of the migrant population aged 0-14 is 12.26%, and the proportion of the migrant population aged 50-65 and above is 11.96%, totaling 24.22%. The main reasons for the migration of this group of people are to accompany their family members and friends, which are non-economic passive migration. On the other hand, the proportion of migrated population aged 15-49 is as high as 75.78%, and the main reason for migration is to work and do business and study and training, which belongs to the economic and cultural type of active migration.
From the gender of the migrant population in the province, the proportion of male population has decreased from 48.9% to 46.88% in the Fourth Population Survey, while the proportion of female population has increased from 51.1% to 53.12% in the Fourth Population Survey. This shows that the migration of the female population has become more active since the reform and opening up. The share of females is gradually increasing, the scale and frequency of migration is gradually expanding, and the initiative of migration is also being strengthened.
The Reasons for Population Migration and Flows
Population migration and flows, as a social phenomenon during the period of social transformation, is the inevitable result of the combined effect of multiple factors, such as socio-economic and personal. In the case of an individual, the decision is based on a combination of factors such as employment opportunities, personal income, living environment and development prospects in the place of inflow and outflow.
(a) Macro, the reform and opening up of the environment, is the premise of large-scale population migration flow.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the population of Jilin Province, intermittent migration flow has never stopped, in the era of the planned economy, subject to the constraints of a number of factors, the population migration flow is basically planned. In the mid-80s before the Jilin Province, in addition to planned migration, temporary employment of enterprises and knowledge of young people to the countryside, cadres decentralized and other reasons, the direct cause of population migration flow is to rely on friends and relatives to make a living and settle down. Large-scale population migration has only begun to appear since the reform and opening up, especially in the 1990s. With the rapid development of the market economy, the implementation of various reform policies, changes in the management system to provide conditions for population migration and mobility, migration and mobility of large numbers of people has become a significant feature of population development, which from the scale and frequency of migration and mobility of the population of Jilin Province is sufficient to illustrate this point.
(ii) The provinces with faster economic development along the southeast coast have formed the pull of interest motivation.
After the reform and opening up, the rise and development of the special economic zones along the southeast coast have made it the center of China's economic growth, providing more opportunities for a large number of laborers to be employed and generating a stronger attraction. People have taken to migratory flows in pursuit of more employment opportunities, higher incomes, and better prospects for development.
From the point of view of the population moving to foreign provinces in Jilin Province, the vast majority of them moved to the eastern coastal areas, of which the fastest growth rate was in Guangdong Province, reaching 4.3 times, which shows that with the development of economy and society, the provinces and cities whose economy maintains strong vitality have attracted a large number of foreigners, and in the process of such migration flow, the provinces with a high proportion of agriculture have become the net out-migration of the population.
(3) The existence of surplus labor is the basis for large-scale population migration flows.
Jilin Province is a traditional agricultural province, since the end of the 70s and early 80s, the implementation of family contract responsibility system in rural areas, production and management autonomy greatly mobilized the majority of farmers' labor enthusiasm, and continue to improve the scientific and technological content of agricultural products, labor productivity has been increased substantially, on the basis of which the labor force invested in agricultural production began to appear surplus. At the same time with the inertial growth of the population, the national infrastructure, collective infrastructure, farmers to build individual land, etc., the arable land area is also gradually reduced, that is, the so-called "more people, less land," the scale of agricultural surplus labor continues to expand. With the loosening of external constraints, this surplus labor force has been rapidly shifting to industry, construction and the tertiary sector, as well as to cities and towns. However, because of the constraints imposed by a number of factors, such as the hard and soft environments, the surplus agricultural labor force is absorbed and digested locally, and there are certain difficulties in transferring it to the secondary and tertiary industries, so that it needs to be transferred to more economically developed areas, and many local governments are encouraging peasants to go out to work in a variety of ways. In addition the less economically developed areas, different degrees of talent idle waste is also bound to produce a strong thrust, prompting this part of the people to take the migration flow.
(4) the widening of the income gap between urban and rural areas and the rapid economic development of the coastal provinces is the impetus for large-scale migration flows.
By a variety of factors, there is a large gap between urban and rural economic development and income levels. For example, in Jilin Province in 2002, the per capita annual disposable income of urban households was 6,260.16 yuan, while the per capita net income of rural households was 2,360.81 yuan, a difference of 3,899.39 yuan, which has further widened the gap. The surplus agricultural labor force can earn much higher incomes by engaging in non-agricultural labor through regional migratory flows.
According to relevant information, the average net income of rural households in Guangdong Province in 2002 was 3,912 yuan per person, 1,551 yuan more than in our province, 1.65 times that of Jilin Province; the annual disposable income per capita of urban residents in 2002 amounted to 11,137.2 yuan, Jilin Province, only 6,260.16 yuan, 4,877.04 yuan more than in our province, 1.78 times that of Jilin Province. The impact of the formation of this income difference, the economic motivation of individuals to get rid of poverty and become rich has produced a strong attraction, that is, the pull.
(E) micro individual migration flow reasons.
Socio-economic development is the basis and conditions of population migration and mobility, but specific to each individual, the reasons for migration and mobility are different.
From the analysis of the dynamic changes in the composition of the reasons for migration and mobility, the demolition and relocation of the five popularization accounted for 21.77%, with the families accounted for 18.75%, learning and training accounted for 13.09%, because of the above three reasons for migration and mobility of the population accounted for 53.61% of the total population of the migration and mobility of the population. Marriage accounted for 12.00% and work and business accounted for 10.90%, and these two reasons accounted for 22.9% of the total number of people migrating; and among the people migrating because of marriage, mainly women accounted for 10.37%; among the people migrating for work and business, mainly men accounted for 7.23%, which is twice as much as the number of women migrating. Among the male population migrating for work and business, young adults aged 25-39 are the main ones, accounting for 55.31% of the male migrating population. The population that migrated due to family and friends, job transfer, assignment and other reasons accounted for 8.29%, 3.18%, 2.52% and 9.50% respectively, and the population that migrated due to these four reasons accounted for 23.49% of the total number of people who migrated.
Third, the impact of population migration and mobility on socio-economic development
Population migration and mobility as a social phenomenon, and at the same time an economic phenomenon, is the inevitable result of the reorganization of the resources of society as a whole and the optimization of the allocation. From the perspective of the impact of migration flows, this process has an impact on both inward and outward migration flows, and also affects the migratory flow of the person himself. Although the population migration flow will inevitably move into the inflow of population and socio-economic development of a wide range of profound impact, but the province as a net migration of provinces on the socio-economic development and population development, as well as social management have had an impact on the impact is multifaceted, can be divided into positive and negative effects.
(A) the positive effects of population migration flow:
1. population migration flow contributes to the operation and development of the market economy. Market economy is the market as the basic economic form of resource allocation, it requires the market to regulate the allocation of resources, to achieve the rational and effective use of resources, and human resources rational and effective allocation of the prerequisite is a reasonable and effective population migration flow. On the one hand, it can alleviate the heavy pressure on the land brought about by the excessive surplus agricultural labor force and avoid unnecessary waste of human resources; on the other hand, it provides abundant labor force for the regions and industries in urgent need of labor force, which makes the allocation of labor force resources become more reasonable day by day.
2. Population migration is conducive to the development of rural economy. Jilin Province, the surplus labor force is widespread in rural areas, and the proportion of labor surplus is large. From the estimation results of agricultural surplus labor force in sub-regions projected in recent years, the agricultural surplus labor force in Jilin Province has reached 2-3 million, the surplus rate is as high as 38.47%, and this trend is still expanding. Therefore, the mobility of rural labor force is very favorable to the rural economic development of Jilin Province. It can not only ease the contradiction between man and land, promote the land management on an appropriate scale and increase agricultural productivity, but also promote the development of non-agricultural industries, strengthen the rural economy and accelerate the process of rural industrialization and modernization.
3. Population migration and mobility increase farmers' income and improve their living standards. A large number of agricultural labor force through the flow, from the traditional village agricultural civilization into the modern urban industrial civilization, accept the developed economy and cultural life, a rare modernization of education, broaden their horizons, change the concept of improving the quality. As a whole, the quality of the human capital of the rural labor force has grown, creating the ability and opportunity for workers to participate in the recombination of factors of production, thus contributing to the formation of new growth points in the development of the rural economy of Jilin Province.
4. Population migration flows have promoted urbanization and the development of urban economy. The massive flow of population to towns and cities, especially the migration of population to cities, has increased the rate of urbanization and promoted the development of urbanization. Agricultural laborers flowing into the cities have gradually replaced the townspeople in municipal construction, tertiary industry, environmental sanitation, agricultural services, etc., and become the main force of these industries, which have made indispensable and significant contributions to the prosperity and development of the towns and cities' economy, and have provided the local residents with many conveniences for their life and work. They have also provided local residents with a lot of convenience in their life and work. Since the comprehensive urban reform, the economy has been developing rapidly, but due to the adjustment of industrial structure and people's concept of employment, some dirty and tired industries in the city, such as construction, sanitation, etc., the supply of labor force in the city itself is relatively insufficient, and the migrant population from the countryside plays a good role in filling the gap. Because of the work and business, and thus directly contribute to the prosperity of the market and the development of business, food service industry, but also promote the construction of urban infrastructure, promote the transportation, post and telecommunications, communications and industrial structure adjustment and upgrading, to the further development of the economy has injected new vitality.
5. Population migration flows to ease the pressure of employment, especially to ease the pressure of the rural population on the land. The province is rich in labor resources, the working age (male 16-59 years old, female 16-54 years old) population of 18.208 million people, accounting for 68.27% of the total population, an increase of 4.94 percentage points compared with 1990, especially 15-39 years old, young and middle-aged labor force resources are more abundant. However, due to the state of economic development of the province, the abundant labor resources not only cannot be fully and reasonably developed and utilized, but also form a huge pressure on labor employment in the province. Through the population migration flow, organized and large-scale export of labor force to the coastal economically developed areas, reducing the employment pressure on the province's cities and towns, and effectively alleviating the increasingly prominent contradiction between the rural population and the scarcity of land.
(2) the negative effect of population migration flow:
Population migration flow in the positive impact at the same time, there is also the negative effect of the impact of depletion.
1. The loss of talent in the net out-migration areas, causing a certain degree of impact on local economic development. For the net migration provinces, in addition to rural surplus labor in a large number of outflow population, there is undeniably high-tech talent and skilled labor, this part of the people due to the expectation of better development prospects and development space, the pursuit of higher income, and choose to migrate flow. In recent years, Jilin Province has appeared different degrees of brain drain, to the end of 2001 the province engaged in scientific and technological activities for 70,252 people, including scientists and engineers for 51,277 people, respectively, than the 2000 decline of 8.26% and 9.3%, in addition to normal retirement, retirement and other attrition, there are also moving out of outflow of personnel, there is a " There is the phenomenon of "the peacock flying south-east". In this way, a large number of intellectual population outflow, not only lost a large part of the intellectual investment, but also on the structure of scientific and technological personnel in Jilin Province, thus affecting economic development.
2. The mobile population puts forward new issues on social security
As the inevitable product of the market economy, the mobile population, although it plays a positive role in social and economic development, but its negative impact is also becoming more and more prominent, the population flow impacts on the original social order, affecting the social stability of some regions, resulting in the deterioration of social security and an increase in serious criminal offenses, in particular, the inflow of the heaviest pressure, responding to the population of the most serious crimes, and the most serious crimes. In particular, it is the areas of influx that are under the heaviest pressure and have the strongest reaction. According to the relevant information, among persons seized by the public security organs for committing crimes, the rate of crimes committed by temporary residents is as high as 12.8 per cent, which is about four times the average rate of crimes committed. Moreover, the number of major criminal cases is increasing, seriously disrupting social order and jeopardizing social stability.
3. Population mobility increases the difficulty of family planning
The family planning work of the floating population is the focus and difficulty of urban population and family planning work in Jilin Province. According to the 2001 "birth control line" assessment results show that in Jilin Province in 2001, unplanned births, the floating population accounted for 32.27%, that is to say, unplanned births, the floating population accounted for 1/3 of the population. the floating population of the certificate of marriage and childbearing certificate holders rate is only 30%. Therefore, strengthening the family planning work of the floating population and changing the passive situation of management has become an important and urgent task for the population and family planning work in Jilin Province.
4. The floating population also brings some difficulties to urban management
With the continuous growth of the floating population, the infrastructure of urban housing, water supply and power supply, transportation, communication, environmental sanitation, food service and so on has been in overload, which has brought a lot of inconvenience to the clothing, food, housing, and transportation of both urban residents and the floating population. Therefore, with the increase of the urban migrant population, the city's already tense housing, transportation, communication, water and electricity, schooling, medical care, etc., bring certain pressure, in the household registration management, industrial and commercial tax management, labor market management, etc., and urban planning, environmental sanitation, etc., brings a lot of problems.
(C) Jilin Province, the trend of population migration
Into the new century, the trend of population migration is worthy of attention. At present, the factors affecting the direction of population migration and flow are mainly the following: First, with the accelerated pace of building a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, the guidelines and policies of reform and opening up will continue to be implemented and deepened; second, the continuation of the current policy of recruiting labor, as well as the full implementation of the full social security system; third, the pattern of imbalance in economic development among regions will not be greatly changed in a short period of time; and fourth, the industrial structure adjustment impact on the quantity and quality of labor demand; and fifth, regional and structural shortages of labor still exist.
So, in the next 10 years, Jilin Province will show the following characteristics of population migration: First, the total number of migrant population will continue to maintain the momentum of growth, but the growth rate will gradually slow down; Second, the level of demand for labor force to improve the quality of labor force from the demand for quantity to speak of quality, the demand for intellectual technical personnel, management personnel and high-level service personnel to increase, and the simple manual labor force demand gradually reduced; Third, the population flow of labor force demand gradually reduced; Third, the population flow of labor force demand for quantity and quality of labor force, the number of people in the province will continue to grow. Demand for simple manual labor will gradually decrease; Third, the direction of population flow will not undergo major changes, economically developed provinces and economically developed areas within the province is still the destination of the migrant population; Fourth, with the development of the rural economy there will be a large number of rural surplus labor force released.
Therefore, how to promote the normal and orderly migration of the population through institutional innovation and reform and innovation, increase the impact of the positive effects, reduce the negative effects to a minimum, and promote economic development and progress of social undertakings, is a question worthy of in-depth consideration.
Four. Exploration of countermeasures of population migration flow
It can be foreseen that, with the accelerated pace of China's modernization, the further development of the socialist market economy and the release of a large number of surplus rural labor force, as well as accession to the WTO after the closer interaction and contact between the various regions, personnel exchanges and population migration flow is more free, the trend of population migration flow not only can not be weakened, but also continue to strengthen the possibility of. The trend of population migration and mobility, instead of weakening, is likely to continue to increase. Therefore, on the one hand, we should promote the rational flow of talents and coordinate the transfer of surplus rural labor force, on the other hand, we should have scientific management measures to reasonably guide to avoid the unrestricted and disorderly migration flow of population.
(I) Strengthen the soft environment construction, building nests to attract phoenix.
The next 5-10 years is a critical period of economic and social development in our province. To realize leapfrog development and achieve the desired goals, we must have a wide variety of talented people, and we must make great efforts in the construction of the soft environment to improve the investment environment. The future competition is ultimately the competition for talent, and talent as a resource is to flow, where the development prospects are better, where the expected return is higher, the talent is bound to flow to where. On the one hand, we must do everything possible to attract talent, especially high-quality talent. Therefore, we should further emancipate the mind, update the concept of employment, relax the policy, provide a good environment for entrepreneurship and living environment; on the other hand, we should do everything possible to avoid the loss of talent, to meet their requirements in terms of living treatment, children's schooling, employment, and so on, to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the talents, and truly make the best use of their talents. Thus, the talent for the economic and social development of Jilin Province to provide scientific and technological and intellectual support to achieve leapfrog development.
(ii) strengthen institutional innovation and management in accordance with the law.
First of all, we should change the concept of initiative. For a long time, due to the impact and pressure triggered by population migration flow is underestimated, often in a passive state to cope with, and is essentially blocking the main, but with little effect. Today's society is an open society, from the dispersed, isolated closed state of existence to a wide range of contacts in the diversity of the open state change, population migration flow is inevitable, must face up to the phenomenon of population migration flow.
Secondly, it is necessary to establish and improve management regulations, to achieve management in accordance with the law, to ensure the orderly migration flow, the Government should strengthen the macro-guidance and coordination of population migration flow, to improve the degree of organization of population migration flow, to avoid the blind disorderly flow.
Thirdly, the reform of the rural land transfer system can be carried out, the right to use the land as a cooperative capital, merged with the ability to farm, which is conducive to the large-scale operation of agriculture, so that the rational use of land resources, but also for the rural labor force to transfer to create the conditions.
(3) Actively coordinate the transfer of surplus rural labor.
Guiding the rural surplus labor force to migrate and flow within the county, encouraging them to invest in small towns and accelerating the construction of towns to ensure that towns and cities in the secondary and tertiary industries on the quality of labor force requirements. At the same time, the implementation of phased transfer, geographically first to the town, and then to small and large cities, and industrially first to the traditional handicrafts or engaged in manual labor, and then to modern industry. This transfer process requires them to continue to learn and practice and improve their own quality, so as to reduce blindly into the city, but also conducive to promoting economic development, preventing excessive transfer of surplus rural labor force at a high rate of super-conventional, so that the population migration flow in a healthy and orderly manner.
(4) to strengthen the construction of residential communities, create a favorable humanistic environment, and enhance the guidance and management of the migrant population. Because the mobile population living in scattered, only through the residents of the community, neighborhood (village) Committee of local management, the living conditions of foreigners, enterprise employment, medical care, children's schooling and other aspects of the standardized requirements, and is responsible for the registration of foreigners, inspection and rental housing management. At the same time, new urban areas or old urban renovation, must strengthen the infrastructure construction, including transportation, water and electricity, culture and education, health and other living service facilities, in order to adapt to meet the needs of migrants, mobile population. Create a community culture that can accommodate people of all nationalities, different regions, different ages and genders, and different occupations.