What are the four types of cases?

According to the author's inquiry, the formulation of "four types of cases" first appeared in Several Opinions of the Supreme People's Court on Improving the Judicial Responsibility System of People's Courts [20 15]No. 13.

24. In any of the following cases, the president, vice-president and president have the right to request a single judge or collegial panel to report the progress and appraisal results of the case:

(1) involving group disputes, which may affect social stability;

(2) Difficult, complicated and of great social impact;

(3) It may conflict with the similar judgment of this court or a higher court;

(four) the relevant units or individuals report the illegal trial of judges.

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The following related documents further refine the four types of cases:

Cases that the Supreme People's Court requested to be included in the "four types of cases":

(1) Group dispute cases that may affect social stability, including:

Civil and commercial cases involving people's livelihood, such as labor disputes, labor remuneration, commercial housing sales, house demolition, private lending, rural land management right transfer, etc. 1 piece. ;

2. Crimes committed by stakeholders such as triad-related crimes, fund-raising fraud, and illegal absorption of public deposits;

3. Administrative cases involving land acquisition and house demolition. , which may lead to class action;

Group litigation cases involving important industries, major projects and key enterprises in this Municipality;

There are 5 cases of collective petition tendency;

6. Voter qualification cases, compulsory liquidation and bankruptcy cases;

7 cases that may cause or are causing public opinion;

Other cases of group disputes that may affect social stability.

(2) Cases that are difficult, complicated and have great social impact, including:

1 Major cases, public interest litigation cases and new cases involving political security, national diplomacy, national defense security, ethnic religion, social stability, national interests and social public interests;

2. The dean found cases that need retrial according to law;

3 cases that may have a significant impact on the image of political and legal organs and the credibility of law enforcement;

4 cases in which the public security organs, procuratorates and courts have major differences of opinion on the handling of cases;

5. Cases in which the collegial panel has great differences of opinion and it is still difficult to form a majority opinion after discussion at a meeting of professional judges;

6. Cases that may be sentenced to death, cases that are acquitted, cases that are sentenced to less than the statutory penalty, cases that are sentenced to probation, cases that are exempted from criminal punishment, major cases of duty crimes, crimes involving foreign nationals, overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and special subject crimes such as deputies to the National People's Congress, members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and judicial personnel;

Cases that need to consult the people's court at a higher level for the application of law need to be submitted to the people's court at a higher level for trial.

Cases that have not been settled for more than one year or cases in which the defendant has been detained for more than three years;

9. Major sensitive cases, etc.

(3) Cases that may conflict with similar judgments include:

1 may conflict with the guiding case published by the Supreme People's Court;

2 cases that may conflict with the cases issued by the higher courts and the referee's guide;

3 cases that may conflict with the effective judgment of the court or the higher court;

Send back or order a retrial case;

First, the second instance undertakes cases that are controversial by judges or collegiate panels.

(four) the relevant units or individuals to report cases of violations of law and discipline by judges, including:

1 Reflect in person or in writing that the judge has improper contacts with the parties, lawyers and agents ad litem, or that the case is protracted, protracted and the judgment is unfair, or that the dean thinks it may be suspected of violating trial discipline;

2. The discipline inspection and supervision organs or departments find clues about the judge's violation of law or discipline or cases that may be suspected of violation of law and discipline after receiving the report.