In the Nanjing Provisional Government, Sun Yat-sen was in charge of all military and political power. Among the ministers, except Huang Xing, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Jian and Tang Shouqian are the leaders of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Constitutionalists, and Wu, Wu, Chen Jintao are old bureaucrats. Most of them are on the sidelines, refusing to take office in Nanjing, and the second minister is in charge of ministerial affairs. Most deputy ministers are the backbone of the League, so the real power of the Nanjing Provisional Government is in the hands of revolutionaries. The Senate with legislative power is basically in the hands of the revolutionary party. Therefore, on the surface, the Nanjing Provisional Government is a combination of revolutionaries, constitutionalists and old bureaucrats, but in fact it is a bourgeois revolutionary regime presided over by revolutionaries.
The establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government marked the end of the feudal monarchy that lasted for more than 2,000 years and the Qing Dynasty that ruled China for more than 260 years, and also marked the birth of the bourgeois republic in the history of China.
After the establishment of Nanjing Provisional Government, under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen, the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China was formulated. Meanwhile, a series of political and social reforms have been carried out. Politically, we should ensure that discriminated households (water people) and lazy people enjoy civil rights, abolish slave contracts, prohibit torture and corporal punishment, burn illegal instruments of torture, prohibit the sale of Chinese workers, and protect overseas Chinese. Reform feudal customs and habits and get rid of feudal appellations such as "adult" and "master", and call them "sir" or "sir" in society. Advise women not to bind their feet, restrict men from cutting braids, and prohibit the cultivation and smoking of opium; Instead of bowing, bow, bow, etc. In the revitalization of industry, laws and regulations have been promulgated to protect industry and commerce, encourage the establishment of industries, set up industrial departments, and set up industrial companies in various provinces; Vigorously promote reclamation and so on. In the development of education, the feudal education was reformed. Cai Yuanpei, the chief of education, denied the feudal education policy of "loyalty to the monarch and respect for Confucius" in his "Opinions on Education Policy" and changed it into five items: civic morality, practical education, military and political education, aesthetic education and world outlook. The interim government clearly stipulated that all schools at all levels should be renamed schools, inspectors and principals should be changed to principals, and primary schools should be coeducated. The primary school cancelled reading classics and added natural science and industry courses.
After the establishment of Nanjing Provisional Government, it actively advocated democracy and science, promoted the new awakening of China people's democracy, made great efforts to develop national capitalist industry and commerce and cultural education, and promoted historical progress. However, the position of Nanjing Provisional Government against imperialism and domestic feudal forces was not firm. Never touched the feudal land system, and the peasants' demands for land were never met. Nor did it put forward an anti-imperialist program and policy. Instead, they fantasize about recognizing the unequal treaties and all the privileges of imperialism in China in exchange for the sympathy and support of imperialism.
However, after the establishment of the Nanjing Provisional Government, imperialist and feudal comprador forces vigorously cracked down on sabotage activities. Under internal and external pressure, Sun Yat-sen was forced to be formally dismissed on April 1. Yuan Shikai, the representative of the landlord and comprador class, usurped the revolutionary regime. The Nanking Provisional Government died, and the plan of the bourgeoisie and China went bankrupt.