Pu Songling was born in a declining landlord family. He had a literary name in his early years. He took part in the township examination many times, but never got a candidate in the exam. It was not until he was 7 1 year old that he became a tribute student. In addition to being a screen guest in Baoying, Jiangsu Province in middle age, they all worked as teachers in their hometown and were unhappy all their lives. Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio was written by him for decades, and he called it his "book of loneliness and anger".
Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio is a collection of short stories in classical Chinese. It exposed the darkness of reality and the sins of officials at that time in the form of talking about ghosts and foxes, criticized the imperial examination system and ethics, and described the story of young men and women loving each other in a sympathetic tone. However, there are also some feudal ethics and superstitions in the book that promote loyalty, filial piety and righteousness.
Second, translation.
The "mountain city" around the mountain is one of the eight scenic spots in Zichuan County, but it often does not appear once every few years. One day, Sun and his friends were drinking upstairs. Suddenly, he saw a lonely pagoda on the top of the mountain, towering into the sky. Look at me, I look at you, surprised and confused, thinking that there is no Buddhist temple near here. Not long after, I saw dozens of palaces with high roofs with blue tiles, only to know that they were originally "mountain cities". Not long after, the high city wall (appeared again) and the short concave-convex wall (at the top) stretched for six or seven miles, which turned out to be a city. There are pavilions, halls and neighborhoods in the city, which are clearly presented in front of us, countless. Suddenly there was a strong wind and thick smoke, and the whole city became blurred. After a while, the wind stopped and the sky was mysterious. All the previous scenes have disappeared. There is only one tall building, which is connected with the sky. There are five rooms on each floor, and the windows are all open. There are five bright places, the sky outside the building. Point to the number layer by layer, the higher the room, the smaller the bright spot; Counting to the eighth floor, the bright spot is only as small as a star; Further up, it becomes dim, as if there is nothing, and its level cannot be seen clearly. People come and go upstairs, each doing his own thing, some leaning against (the railing) and some standing with different postures. After a while, the building became lower and the roof could be seen. Gradually, it becomes the same as ordinary buildings; Gradually, it became a high bungalow; Suddenly, it shrunk to the size of a fist, to the size of a bean, and finally disappeared completely.
I also heard that some people who get up early and are in a hurry see houses, markets and shops on the mountain, which is no different from the situation on earth, so people call it "ghost market".
Third, Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio
Pilo with plum, feeling coquettish; Ghosts and monsters, Long Claw Lang (1) are addicted to singing. There is a reason for boasting of nature and not choosing a good voice. The fire of autumn fireflies is exhausted, and charm wins glory; Drive away the dust of wild horses and laugh at them. Not Gan Bao, but Ya Ai Sou Shen; Love is like Huangzhou, talking about ghosts. Write when you smell it, and you can write an article. For a long time, people all over the world posted in mailboxes, so things got together well and benefited each other. What's more: people are not in a foreign land, and things are the hometown of broken hair; The eyes are right in front of us, and it is strange that a country flies too far. Fei Fei Yi Xing, crazy solid hard to quit; Yongtuo is broad-minded, stupid and outspoken. Xiu Xiu and others, must I Hu Luye? However, the five fathers stopped talking and listened; In Sansheng (3), this is quite enlightened. Indulgence, and those who others despise. When the arc is loose, the first adult dreams of a disease and barren Gotama (4), preferring to enter the room. The ointment, such as money, is round and sticky. If you are born loose, you will enjoy Mohism. Also: it is not enough to get sick less and live a hundred years. The loneliness of the door is as cold as a monk; With pen and ink, depression is like a bowl. Every time I scratch my head, I think: Don't be embarrassed. Is fruit my predecessor? Covered the source of leakage and did not bear the fruits of man and nature; Falling with the wind, it became a flower in San Francisco. The vast six roads (5), how can you say it is unreasonable! It's only midnight, and the lights are dim; The village is shaking, and the case is cold and suspicious. Set the armpit as a squat, and continue to record the ghost; A pen written in vain is just a lonely and angry book: it is also sad to pin it on it! Ha ha! Afraid of frost and cold birds, holding trees without temperature; Hanging on the moon and autumn insects, leaning against the bar is self-heating. If you know me, it is between the green forest and the black plug!
Note: ① [Long Claw Lang] refers to Li He, a poet in Tang Dynasty. Du Mu prefaces his poetry anthology, saying, "It's not enough for a whale to suck a spear and throw it at it." (2) The ancient road [Five Blessingg Canal] was named in Qufu, Shandong Province today. (3) [Three Holy Stones] is said to be in the back mountain of Tianzhu Temple in Hangzhou. The back of Tang Liyuan and Yuanguan monks met here. (4) 【 Gotama (tá n) 】 Sakyamuni's surname, here refers to the monk. ⑤ [Six Ways] Buddhist terminology. Buddhism divides the world of sentient beings into six categories: heaven, man, Asura, hell, hungry ghost and beast, and so on. ⑥ [Lin Qing He Sai] said Du Fu's dream of Li Bai: "You came to me through the green of a forest, and you disappeared in front of a fortress covered with shadows." This is the friendship between Li and Du.
This article describes an imaginary scene. This scene is similar to Haicheng, but it appears on the mountain, so it is called the mountain city. The author grasps the emptiness and ever-changing characteristics of mountain cities, and vividly describes the various situations of castles in the air from their appearance to disappearance, so that we can appreciate the wonder of this natural scene.
At the beginning of the article, it shows that Daishan Mountain City is one of the eight scenic spots in Zichuan, but it rarely appears. "I haven't seen you for years", that is, I often don't appear once every few years. "Xi an" here means to appear.
Then he began to describe the whole process of Sun and others witnessing the wonders of the mountain city. This part of the text can be divided into three meanings:
From Sun Gongzi's Yu Nian to Enlightenment as a Mountain City, remember what just happened in the mountain city. Sun Zi (y ǐ n) was born in Zichuan in Qing Dynasty. He used to be Dingzhou Tongzhi (Dingzhou Deputy Chief). There must be others who witnessed the mountain products market. This article only mentions Sun and his colleagues, because they are important people, and what they say is not false. They didn't come to see the mountain city on purpose, they just found it by accident. When they were drinking upstairs, they suddenly saw a tall tower on the mountain. They were surprised and suspicious. It wasn't long before I saw dozens of palaces, only to know that it was a mountain city illusion. The "Buddhist Temple" in "There is no such temple recently" is the place where monks live, which refers to the Buddhist Temple here. Buddhist temples generally have pagodas (places where Buddhist relics and Buddhist scriptures are placed).
From "several high walls" to "the city is just vague", remember the changes of mountain cities: the appearance and disappearance of a city. The word "battlements" in "Unbelievable battlements" is used as a verb, meaning to become a city wall. A city appeared on the nearby mountain. The wall was six or seven miles long and there were hundreds of millions of shops in it. It was really unexpected to see it clearly. Unexpectedly, there was a sudden gust of wind, and the city in front of me was just a blur.
From "when the wind clears up" to "when you can't see", remember the changes of mirage after the strong wind: the appearance and disappearance of tall buildings. This article describes the changing scene of this tall building in the most subtle way. This is because the wind has stopped, the sky is clear, and witnesses can see it clearly; The original fantasy is gone, and there is only a tall building on the mountain in front of us, and the witness looks intently. "Dangerous building" refers to a very tall building. For example, Li Bai's Sleeping Mountain Temple: "A dangerous building is 100 feet high, and you can pick up stars with your hands. I dare not speak loudly for fear of disturbing people. " The dangerous building "goes straight to the sky" and the solitary tower "stands high above" have similar meanings, and both of them use exaggerated methods to describe the height of the building and tower; Some people think that using different words because of "different heights" is too rigid. People upstairs "stand or stand", that is, someone leans against and someone stands. The word "or" is the pronoun "someone".
The end of the article is like a postscript, which supplements the main content. Mountain city, also known as "ghost town", adds to the mystery of this illusion.
The main features of this paper are as follows: Firstly, the changing process of mirage is described in chronological order. Words that express time changes, such as "suddenly see", "nothing", "soon", "overtime" and "suddenly", make the context of the article very clear. Second, the details are appropriate, describing the manner of witnesses watching a mirage is very simple, and using the main pen and ink to describe the rapidly changing scene of a mirage makes readers fascinated by the natural wonders of Ai Shan.