Analysis on the application of bill of quantities quotation in Taiyuan construction project bidding information network;
Bill of quantities quotation is a widely used method of engineering bidding quotation in the world, which has a mature supervision system and hundreds of years of application history. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization and the implementation of relevant policies and norms, it is imperative to fully implement the bill of quantities quotation for construction projects.
In our country, the bill of quantities refers to the list of physical quantities and technical measures of the construction projects subject to tender by the tenderee of the construction enterprise according to the requirements of the engineering construction drawings and bidding documents, with unified calculation rules of quantities and unified project division. Compared with traditional quota pricing, bill pricing has the following advantages:
First, it is simple and clear, avoiding the difference caused by repeated work and the statistical engineering quantity of the bidding unit;
The second is to change the current static pricing model based on budget quota into a dynamic pricing model considering various factors in full cost unit price;
Third, the use of bill of quantities embodies the principle of "separation of quantity and price", which is conducive to achieving reasonable risk sharing and clarifying the responsibilities of both parties to the contract;
Fourth, using the bill of quantities quotation method, the owner does not need to prepare the pre-tender estimate, which weakens the role of the pre-tender estimate and standardizes the bidding operation and the construction market order from the procedure;
The author participated in the bidding work of many domestic and foreign BOQ projects. At the moment when the bill of quantities quotation is about to be popularized in the whole country, this paper summarizes the experience and feelings of the whole quotation and decision-making process for your reference and exchange.
Bill of quantities quotation process is usually divided into the following steps:
Establish a reasonable quotation team-an experienced quotation team is very important to make a reasonable quotation and improve the winning rate.
The ideal quotation team usually consists of the following people:
1, a person with similar engineering experience is proposed to be the project manager of this project subject to tender;
2. Senior cost engineer;
3. Material engineers and electromechanical engineers familiar with the local market;
4, the person in charge of finance, etc.
Conditional companies can set up two teams to make independent quotations, and finally take the average as the basis for external quotations. The author's company once established a joint venture with South Korean LG Engineering Company, the office building project of the Ministry of Oil of a country in the Middle East of joint bid, and finally won the bid by means of comprehensive summary of independent quotations.
Carefully analyze the quotation description, specifications and list, and check the quantity in doubt-the quotation description, adopted specifications and list notes should be carefully read and thoroughly understood as an important part of the tender documents. In this way, when quoting, we can clearly understand the work content included in the quantities listed in the list and avoid omissions or misunderstandings. For example, the office building project of the Ministry of Petroleum mentioned above is to divide the whole building into eight blocks for bidding. The pile foundation of the first bid section was completed by a local company. In the quotation sheet of our bidding main structure provided by the owner, there is no single item of broken pile head and pile extension. After reading the tender carefully, it is found that this work is included in the concrete construction content of the foundation slab. After that, we appropriately increased the unit price of this single item in the quotation to cover the cost of broken pile head. When there is a big error in the quantities provided by the bill, it can usually be found by experienced project managers or cost engineers. This requires an audit of the number of projects. The methods of review include technical and economic index method, and the method of using the relationship between related quantities to review. I won't go into details here.
On-site inspection and answering questions-If the bidding documents are unclear or misunderstood, you should take the initiative to visit the site or ask questions to the tenderer to get a definite answer. Take the above-mentioned project as an example. In the second bid section where we won the bid, that is, the main structure part, there is a sedimentation fee listed in the list, which needs to be guaranteed by a fixed price. As the cost involves comprehensive factors such as dewatering measures, foundation construction period, groundwater flow, etc., and as the top-level project is located at the seaside, the tenderer cannot predict the exact amount of the cost. After many field visits and consulting a large amount of data, reasonable sedimentation measures were designed and accurate quotations were made, which created favorable conditions for winning the bid.
Split the list, look for material prices in many ways, and let professional subcontractors report the professional date-material and labor prices account for an important proportion in the total cost. Before bidding for the above-mentioned projects, we split the list properly, and let the subcontractors of materials suppliers, labor service companies, waterproofing, painting and other professions make quotations and initialled agreements respectively, and then summarize these prices, and comprehensively consider management expenses, profits and taxes to calculate our quotation. This has the following two advantages: first, you can find professional subcontractors with good reputation; Second, the subcontracting price is reasonable.
Pay attention to quotation strategies and skills-after the above work is completed, when determining the unit price of each item, a certain quotation strategy is usually adopted, which can not only improve the probability of winning the bid, but also facilitate the smooth implementation of the project after winning the bid. Common methods are as follows:
Unbalanced quotation method: after the total bid price of the project is determined, the quotation of internal projects can be adjusted appropriately without affecting the bid. For example, the unit price of mobilization fee, earthwork, foundation and other projects paid in the early stage can be appropriately set high, and the unit price of masonry, plastering and other projects in the later stage can be appropriately reduced. This is conducive to the early recovery and turnover of funds; For projects that can be adjusted, it is estimated that the engineering quantity will increase in the future, and the unit price can be appropriately increased, while for projects that may reduce the engineering quantity, the unit price can be reduced. The author once bid for a villa group residential project in a country, and the tender stipulated that the underground structure could be adjusted; On-site inspection found that the foundation is poor, and it is estimated that the concrete consumption will increase. The author appropriately raised the unit price of foundation concrete, and the profit was quite rich after the project was completed. For a fixed number of projects that will happen, the unit price can be increased without affecting the total bid price, and can be recovered in time in the later period, such as the precipitation cost in the above projects; For the tentative amount (or project), if it is possible to do it in the future, the price can be set at a higher level, and if it is estimated that it is unnecessary to do it, the price can be set at a lower level; The general timing can be appropriately increased, because it is not included in the total price and is calculated according to the actual situation.
Final evaluation of quotation-According to regulations, the list quotation must be filled in manually in the quotation list provided by the tenderer. For a complex project, the list may have hundreds or even thousands of pages, so it is easy to make mistakes when it is completely filled in and counted by hand. The author's experience is that it is very practical to summarize and input the list into the computer and audit it with software.
Bill of quantities quotation is an important measure of project cost management reform. Through reform, the fixed price is changed into the orderly competition in the market to form the price. Price level is a concentrated reflection of enterprise management level, technical level and equipment level. Through market-oriented and orderly competition, we will continuously improve the comprehensive level and competitiveness of construction enterprises, realize the survival of the fittest, and finally form a socialist construction market order with standardized management and orderly competition.
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