It is mentioned in the program "Big Mouth and Millet Searching for Vegetables" of CCTV 2.
When Wu Cheng'en first visited the Journey to the West in the Ming Dynasty, the Monkey King introduced himself as "a man from Shuiliandong, who proudly came to China from China." According to expert research, "Dongsheng Shenzhou" is today's Lianyungang, Jiangsu.
However, last week, archaeologists in Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province discovered a grave buried by the Monkey King brothers, which was built in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties, thus pointing out that the Monkey King originally came from Fujian.
The day before yesterday, Li Hongfu, an expert from Lianyungang The Journey to the West, said that there is no doubt that the ancestral home of "Qi Tian Sheng Da" is in Jiangsu, but his life experience is different.
So, where is the hometown of "Monkey King" and what about its thousand-year life experience?
The latest statement: Wukong was originally from Fujian.
"The discovery of the burial tomb of the Monkey King brothers can basically be said that China's famous' Qitian Sheng Da' is from Fujian." The afternoon before yesterday, Wang Yimin said: Wang Yimin, 43, is currently the curator of Shunchang County Museum and concurrently the director of Baoshan Cultural Relics Management Office, a national key cultural relics protection unit.
"Monkey Sheng Da" is a discussion by Fujian people and a paper published by Wang Yimin in academic journals in the first half of 2004. At that time, the title of the thesis was called "the Monkey King's Native Place in Baoshan, Fujian".
As the most important argument in this paper, the Monkey King brothers were buried together in Baoshan, Shunchang County, Nanping City, Fujian Province this year. The tomb of the god of burial is located in Shuang Sheng Temple behind Nantianmen, the main peak of Baoshan, with an altitude of1305m. Shuang Sheng Temple was built in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, nearly 200 years before the book was written in The Journey to the West. There is an ancient tomb in the temple with two stone tablets standing side by side. The tomb is 2.9 meters wide and 1.3 meters deep, showing a figure of eight. The height of the two tombstones is 0.8 meters. Above the left monument, the small characters "Baofeng" are carved horizontally, the four characters "Qitian Sheng Da" are carved vertically in the middle, and the small characters "Shenwei" are carved horizontally at the bottom of the big characters. The outer frame of the inscription is decorated with embossed grass. The right tablet is vertically engraved with four characters of "Great Sage" in regular script, and the rest are the same. .
Wang Yimin said that "Monkey King" is on the left and "Monkey King" is on the right, which is in line with the ancient etiquette and custom of respecting the left. In addition, the tombstone of "Qi Tian Sheng Da" is engraved with the word "Baofeng", while the tombstone omits the word "Tian Tong Sheng Da", which is obviously a brother. Although Wang Yimin has always emphasized two points, first, the tomb of the buried god was discovered as early as six or seven years ago, but he has been studying it himself, and only made a appearance last year; Second, this is just a family statement.
But from this, plus some other historical evidence left in Baoshan and Quanzhou, Wang Yimin basically affirmed that the Monkey King's native place is Fujian.
"Tombstone is a symbol of the leaves falling back to the roots; Also, I doubt that Wu Cheng'en, a native of Jiangsu Province, is the author of The Journey to the West that we are familiar with now. The above two points are the basis for my conclusion. " Wang Yimin said.
Tradition says: Wukong's family is in Huaguoshan.
When this statement came out, it immediately caused an uproar. The last one who can't stay out of it is Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province, which has always been the title of the hometown of the Monkey King.
65438+1on the afternoon of October 5th 15, located in Huaguoshan Scenic Area, 7 kilometers away from Lianyungang City, Aunt Zhang, a tour guide of Waii Scenic Area, is introducing to tourists that this is the lingshi thrown by The Journey to the West's Nuwa. 38,000 years later, this stone suddenly burst one day and blew up a stone monkey. Now, on this stone, there is also "Monkey".
Aunt Zhang is 56 years old this year. She eats a guided tour meal, which costs 60 yuan a day. There are at least 50 "monkeys eat monkeys" like Aunt Zhang in the whole mountain. At this time, there was a power outage in the management office, and the working pace of office staff was not fast. Hearing that the hometown of the Monkey King is in Fujian, Tong, who has been the director of the office for three years, said, We have always insisted that Huaguoshan in Lianyungang is the hometown of the Monkey King.
She said that Guo Hua is 625.3 meters above sea level and belongs to Yuntai Mountain, the highest peak in Jiangsu Province. According to historical records, when The Journey to the West was written in the Ming Dynasty, Yuntai Mountain was in the sea, and the northwest was precisely the Central Plains and the center of China, much like "Dongsheng Shenzhou" in the book Overseas Land.
The so-called "proud country" was actually the Yuntai Mountain Range at that time. In the middle of the journey to the west, Guo Huashan is at the foot of Nanyun Mountain. In Guo Huazhong, water curtain cave is the most desirable place for tourists. Wu Cheng'en was inspired by this water curtain cave, which provided a very mythical venue for the Monkey King in the middle and early The Journey to the West. In addition, there are many water curtain cave all over the country, but they are all named after the popularity of The Journey to the West. Only water curtain cave here existed before the popularity of The Journey to the West.
As early as 1982 and 127, the experts who participated in the first national symposium on Journey to the West agreed that the Huaguo Mountain in Yuntai is the real hometown of the Monkey King.
"However, the Monkey King here should refer to the monkey in Journey to the West, and Wu Cheng'en is from Lianyungang. In the book, the Monkey King didn't introduce herself to any relatives, "said Tong Xiaojuan.
The Monkey King's brothers and sisters are affectionate.
At present, Li Hongfu is writing a book, The Journey to the West, which is about the expositions of the Great Sage of Qi Tian, including Wu Cheng'en, and many details about the Monkey King are made public for the first time.
Li Hongfu said that every detail of this book has a historical basis, and its style is relatively relaxed. He used the Monkey King's historical allusions to describe it as vitamin bread.
The reporter now discloses the exclusive part: there are five brothers and sisters.
In the Ming Dynasty's anonymous manuscript "Miscellaneous Play of Erlang God Locking the Monkey King", the Monkey King said: Big brother is the Monkey King, my god is the Monkey King, my sister is the Kameyama jellyfish, my sister is the iron-colored macaque, and my brother is playing Saburo.
Yang Jingyan, a playwright of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in The Descent of Gods and Monks: (Sun Walker goes to the clouds) Five brothers and sisters, the mother of Shan Li, the eldest sister, and the witch of the second sister ... came to Wu Cheng'en in the Journey to the West, and she merged her brothers and sisters into one.
The first person to appear was a scholar.
At the end of the Song Dynasty, the second article of "Three Hundred Tang Poems" said that the scholar in white claimed to be: I am the 84,000 bronze-headed monkey king of Ziyun Cave in Huaguoshan ... Today, I helped the monks to learn from the scriptures and went to Wan Li Road. After thirty-six countries, I was called a walker.
"Poetry Talk" also said that facing the deep water of the cliff, the waves rolled under the cliff, and the Tang Priest's face was thin, dressed in cassock and covered with straw sandals, which was more realistic and vivid than the chubby white-faced monk in TV dramas and picture books.
On the other hand, Monkey Walker is big and strong, with a big mouth and big eyes. He is cruel and terrible. He has neither a monk's hat nor a spell, but he just follows the Tang priest to move on.
It's been a thousand years since I learned the scriptures.
The Monkey King was born in the early years of the Warring States Period (468-442 BC), and he was over 1 100 years old when he succeeded in learning Buddhist scriptures from the West. Before the age of 320, he was the monkey king of Huaguoshan, and soon went out for further study. His education is equivalent to that of a doctor now. At the age of 342, he made a scene in the underworld and rewritten the book of life and death; By hades to heaven, called horse plague 15 days (equivalent to 15 years on earth); Later, he claimed to be the Great Sage of Qitian, defeated Tian, and put it on record in heaven. Half a year later (equivalent to 180 years on earth), she was crushed under Wuxing Mountain for stealing the flat peach of the Queen Mother. This is the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 87).
500 years later, in the thirteenth year of Tang Zhenguan (639), I learned from the scriptures. 14 years later, it was blocked and defeated by Buddha.
The Great Sage's girlfriend is also lewd.
The Monkey King, formerly known as the Stone Monkey, was named the Monkey King by the teacher. He had a pre-school job and served as the King of Huaguoshan. Journey to the West said for the second time that it was less than four feet tall, about 1.33 meters, which was too short. Obviously, it attributed its physiological characteristics to monkeys.
Speaking of gender, the Monkey King reported that I was asexual. It's actually a man. It once kidnapped King Jinding's daughter as a wall girl, and also stole the embroidered fairy clothes of the first lady of Tiangong, the Queen Mother, as a dowry.
On the way to the girl country to learn from the scriptures, the Monkey King also misbehaved many times; Although there is a curse in his head, the Monkey King is always greedy and never gives up. On the way to learn from the scriptures, almost all of them are molested by unowned women. Finally, Wu Cheng'en treated him thoroughly with a literary purifier.
Tang Priest is a thief, and Wukong is timid.
The Monkey King's timidity is also reflected in the poems of three monks in the Tang Dynasty. In the flat peach garden of the Empress Dowager, the Tang Priest asked the Monkey King if he was a flat peach tree. the Monkey King said, "Keep your voice down, don't raise your voice. My youth used to be a thief here, and I was particularly afraid. " . Tang's monk totally ignored the monkey's timidity and didn't look like a monk at all, not to mention the teacher actually instigated the monkey to steal peaches: why not steal one?
Monkey said, this peach has been planted for a thousand years ... whoever eats one will die at the age of three thousand.
Tang Priest is envious: You are really miraculous. It's no harm to compare. When the ripe flat peaches were picked, the Tang Priest was simply salivating: you can find them to eat.
On the contrary, in Wu Cheng'en's The Journey to the West, it is written that the Tang Priest is kind and timid, but there is no mention that monks are also confused by jade food.
Expert: Tombstones were made by later generations out of admiration.
Qi Tian Da Sheng, even the prototype of the characters must be from Jiangsu. Li Hongfu said. Li Hongfu, born in 1944, is a monkey. Editor-in-Chief of Lianyungang Local Records, former curator of the Municipal Museum, studied The Journey to the West for 40 years. Up to now, his family has 1 1 version of Journey to the West in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, which is the largest in China.
Where do you think the Monkey King's hometown is? The reporter asked.
First of all, I think the author of The Journey to the West is Wu Cheng'en. Li Hongfu said that Hu Shi and Lu Xun had already verified that the prototype of the Monkey King was Wudi Seven when Dayu was in charge of water conservancy. Udic is a famous historical figure, with the power of an ape and the power of a monkey king. His story is widely circulated in the Huaihe River Basin.
He said that Wu Cheng'en performed an earth-shattering scene in the book, which showed that he believed that the prototype of the monkey was related to Dayu and Wu Zhiqi rewriting the story of The Journey to the West. As a native of Huai 'an, Wu Cheng'en was very familiar with this anecdote since he was a child.
How to explain the tombstone found in Baoshan, Fujian?
I know about it, but I personally don't think finding a tombstone can explain the problem. Li Hongfu carefully replied that the tombstone was probably made by later generations out of admiration.
He gave the same example. There are Guandi temples and tombstones in many places in our country. This does not mean that Guandi was born there and died there. On the contrary, people who believe in the people built it themselves. You know, among the common people nowadays, there are many people who worship the Monkey King.
So, what is the significance of this discovery to The Journey to the West's research?
Li Hongfu said with a smile, of course, but this is not a shocking effect. The discovery of the tombstone shows that the story about the Monkey King in Historical Records has certain basis. In addition, this discovery shows that the myth of China has a long history and covers a wide range. In fact, it doesn't matter where the Monkey King's hometown is, after all, it is the wealth of the Chinese nation.