The development trend of information technology in the future The development of enterprise informatization will inevitably go through the "four I's", that is, the stages of informatization, integration, networking and intelligence. Dr. Qiu, a senior consultant of Beijing Guanzhi Empowerment Management Technology Service Co., Ltd., believes that many domestic enterprises are still in the information stage, and some enterprises have begun to realize the integration of internal systems. In the future, the development of information technology will be networked and intelligent.
First, realize informatization. To a large extent, the management of Chinese enterprises still depends on "rule by man", decision-making depends on "slapping the head" and business is handled by hand, which is not digital and refined enough, resulting in limited management efficiency and effect. Therefore, the first step of IT application is to realize digitalization, informationization and automation from manual operation.
Second, achieve integration. As an organic system, enterprises need a close combination of product research and development, procurement, production, sales and customer service. Therefore, IT applications also need to move from local to integrated. At present, enterprise informatization construction lacks overall planning, and various IT application systems are isolated from each other, forming an "information island" and lacking integration and integration. Therefore, Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) will be the next focus of some enterprises.
Third, realize networking (Internet). Many enterprises operate across regions. In order to realize integration, it is necessary to realize networking, especially with the increasing popularity and performance improvement of the Internet, which has been able to support commercial applications. Therefore, with the help of cheap communication means provided by the Internet, many small and medium-sized enterprises can build a nationwide business operation system and realize effective business expansion. In the past, this was unimaginable for many enterprises. Enterprises must spend huge sums of money to build a huge private WAN, but now they can realize a "digital neural network" covering the whole country or even the whole world. Fourth, realize intelligence. In addition to completing traditional transactions, it is also necessary to tap the needs of customers, obtain wealth from data, assist enterprise decision-making, and make enterprises intelligent.
In the future networked and intelligent information environment, the driving force for the growth of modern enterprises will shift from opportunities and business to management and innovation. The application of information technology will strongly support the latter two driving forces.
In Dr. Qiu's view, with the expansion of enterprise scale and the complexity of business and management, enterprises must improve their operating efficiency and benefits by strengthening management, but relying solely on artificial control and some simple auxiliary means is not enough to ensure the effectiveness of enterprise management. Therefore, enterprises need to introduce some specialized information systems, such as enterprise resource planning (ERP), customer relationship management (CRM) and internal management information systems. And integrate the existing system resources on the internal management platform of the enterprise, and establish information sharing and exchange with the partners in the whole value chain in line with unified standards. Make the cross-enterprise and cross-industry supply chain process smoother and more convenient.
With the further expansion of enterprise scale, it has entered the stage of "innovation-driven". Enterprises need to reorganize and design their own organizational structure, business processes and management systems, advocate learning and innovation, and strengthen knowledge management. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce knowledge management (KM), business intelligence (BI), enterprise application integration (EAI) and other systems and methods to dig deep into the wealth contained in the data and make the business more intelligent and integrated.
On the surface, information technology, as a means, provides a technical support platform for management. In fact, it is not only a tool, especially in the network age, information technology has become a catalyst and booster for the reform of enterprise's all-round management concept, enterprise culture, business process and human resource model.
At the management level of an enterprise, the influence of information technology on organizational change, enterprise management and enterprise culture in the future is the most obvious. At the level of organizational management, firstly, it has completed the transformation from a closed "isolated" tree organization to an open and cooperative matrix organization; Secondly, the collaborative relationship between departments is defined by static "department interface description" and transformed into the guidance of dynamic business process system.
"In the past, department employees were habitually only responsible for their own department leaders, who were the bottleneck of communication between departments. In this case, it is difficult for employees to actively and conveniently seek resources outside the department, and naturally it is difficult to work with goals. In the past, the cooperation between departments was limited by the written' departmental interface definition', and n departments needed n interface specifications, not to mention the heavy workload, which was difficult to fully define. The most important thing is that the department manager may refuse the requirements of other departments on the grounds of' interface specification' regardless of the new requirements put forward by the complex and ever-changing market environment, even to the point where he does not know why his department exists. " Du Jianhua, vice president of Lenovo Computer Company, believes that the establishment of cross-regional, cross-departmental and multi-level information systems has broken the traditional organizational barriers, broken the "leadership bottleneck" of information resources, and established a matrix organizational system that is business process-oriented and gives full play to the advantages of specialization and synergy.
In the future, the business operation and management of enterprises will not only be integrated internally through information systems, but also realize multipoint-to-multipoint transmission and exchange in the supply chain and value chain of the whole industry. The business management structure of enterprises presents a multi-dimensional and cross-cutting trend. Consulting, marketing, sales, service and other departments penetrate each other through the internal network and software to form a customer-oriented high-performance thinking cross-team cooperation organization; On the other hand, due to e-commerce, the internal information system and the partner information system in the external supply chain are point-to-point grafted and constantly copied, which makes the e-procurement, manufacturing sales and customer relationship of different enterprises more real-time and agile, and the business operation and management efficiency of this industry is getting higher and higher. Finally, value continues to spread to the whole industry and other industries through the supply chain.
Finally, the future information technology has and will continue to have a far-reaching impact on corporate culture. The corporate culture in the information age has at least two characteristics: cooperation and innovation. In traditional enterprises, this is a pair of contradictions that are difficult to reconcile. In the information age, individuals will be given more power and space, and the relationship between people will mainly be the interaction of resources. Team will no longer be an ice bank to freeze personality, but a catalyst to stimulate potential.
The impact of the development of software technology on management "Our current direction is enterprise management software, and the main target customers are enterprise customers. By applying our software platform and tools to improve management efficiency, it will also bring about changes in enterprise operation mode, business model and management concept. " Wu Qiang, vice president of Kingdee Software (China) Co., Ltd. believes that this is not just a software concept, it will bring a series of profound changes to enterprises.
The development of information technology in the future will have a great impact on management software in two aspects, and directly affect the external and internal management structure of enterprises. On the one hand, with the development of network and e-commerce, the management system based on enterprise internal network has begun to meet the management needs under the competitive environment of cross-enterprise, enterprise supply chain or consortium, and the information coordination and exchange between enterprises have been strengthened. Wu Qiang believes that there are not many applications in China at present, but the collaborative supply chain mode based on Internet multi-enterprise operation will become a craze in two or three years.
The future e-commerce model will be stronger and more mature. The real B2B model is an enterprise's internal information system plus P2P (peer-to-peer) exchange, which may be ERP or SCM, so that each enterprise's system can be connected and communicated with another enterprise's system. In this process, there must be collaborative standards between enterprises. This will also require that the management system and architecture between enterprises with system docking are equal, which will inevitably urge enterprises to improve and improve their own management level.
On the other hand, the development technology of software technology will undergo a major change. In the past, software development was functional, and manufacturers showed their customers how powerful their products were. The functional software model is too fixed to meet the needs of personalized and flexible systems. Therefore, software will inevitably develop into components and be reconfigured. Just like there are many parts, enterprises can assemble them according to their own requirements, because the management mode of each enterprise in the future cannot be exactly the same. If the management mode is exactly the same as other enterprises,
In this case, information will flow faster, management will become faster and more flexible, process optimization or reorganization will be realized quickly, saving a lot of time, and the software system will be re-established immediately.
According to the research report of CCID Consulting, the simplification of software development and application environment will be one of the main trends in the future. IT vendors have formed differences between products due to commercial and technical interests, and computer users cannot avoid the coexistence of multi-vendor products due to historical reasons and risk reduction considerations. Therefore, how to simplify the technical problems by shielding all kinds of complicated technical details appears. These trends have promoted smoother information transmission within enterprises, faster management decisions and more convenient communication with partners in the value chain.
Domestic enterprises grow rapidly, like real-time management mode, and put forward corresponding requirements for management software. And after the management is relatively mature, the software can play a further role. The phrase "software promotes management progress" should be reversed, that is, management promotes software progress. Moreover, the two are complementary. Software is the embodiment of management thought, and the change of management thought promotes the continuous development of software. Software is just a management platform, and the most important thing is management ideas and methods.