At present, the professional education of credit management, which came into being at the historic moment, is still too young and needs the attention and support of all sectors of society. There are still many important problems to be discussed in its own development.
First of all, standardization is the survival foundation of credit management education.
When thinking about the basis of the development of credit management education in colleges and universities in China, we are faced with two main lines of thinking. One main line is the domestic credit situation: the credit order is chaotic, fake and shoddy, the credit environment is bad, the actual credit transaction volume is extremely low, and the total credit scale does not match the economic growth rate. It is urgent to strengthen the publicity and education of honesty and trustworthiness, and it is more necessary to conduct research and education from the system, form management system arrangements, speed up the construction of credit management system, and develop credit management industry. The other main line is the developed experience, sound credit legal system, social credit management system, ready-made professional terms, institutions, operation and development model of credit management in western developed countries represented by the United States.
What is the content and specific basis of credit management education in China? This will be reflected in the teaching materials. So what should our teaching materials be like? Whether to copy the ready-made American textbooks or write your own talk according to the domestic situation. Faced with this problem, I personally think that these two practices are both undesirable and irregular.
Standardization is the survival foundation of credit management education for freshmen in China. Personally, I think that the so-called norms must meet the following three requirements:
First of all, it must be within the scope permitted by the legal framework and policies. The specific content of China's credit management education must conform to China's legal system and policies and regulations. The legal framework and policy system of the United States, Europe and other countries are very different from our country, and the specific content of credit education in Europe and America can not fully meet the requirements of our legal system and policy. Of course, China's laws and policies are constantly changing, but differences and gaps always exist.
Secondly, it should conform to the domestic economic system, development level and goals, and folk customs. China's road to reform and opening up is unique in the world, and so is the goal and process of building a market economy in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. The fact of the reform and opening-up in the past 20 years tells us that China is going its own way. In this economic environment, based on this institutional arrangement, the development of China's credit management industry and the construction of credit management system, as well as the education of credit management specialty, will surely embark on an unprecedented road. The success or failure of this road lies in seeking truth from facts. We must take the existing economic level as the foundation, the existing public quality as the premise of development and education, respect folk customs, be down-to-earth, and take our own development path seriously and pragmatically.
Third, we should be in line with international standards. China is a permanent member of the United Nations and an important member of the WTO. Politically and economically, China is integrating into the world. In the process of building a market economy in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, internationalization is inevitable, and it is also an important part of the standardized development of all walks of life. China's credit management education must also learn from the experience of Europe and America, and carefully study and publicize its specific content. But we must never copy it completely and westernize it completely.
Therefore, personally, I think that the primary problem facing China's credit management education at present is to clear up the thinking, find the right direction, actively study and investigate, and carefully compile the teaching materials of China's credit management specialty.
Suggestions: set up universities with credit management major or direction, organize echelon teachers with scientific research ability, go deep into the investigation and study of credit management industry in China, and sum up and think about some practical problems; At the same time, I translate and study the information about credit management in Europe and America, and summarize some experiences that can be used for reference. On this basis, a practical teaching material of credit management with China characteristics is formed and compiled.
Suggestion: Relevant education management departments should create a relaxed policy environment. On the one hand, more schools should offer credit management education according to their own needs and abilities, and speed up the cultivation of credit management talents. On the other hand, schools offering credit management majors or directions can let a hundred schools contend and a hundred flowers blossom. In the competition and development, the theoretical basis, ideological system and discipline framework of credit management education in China have been formed in practice.
Second, innovation is the historical responsibility of credit management education.
Innovation is the soul of a nation's progress, the inexhaustible motive force for a country's prosperity, and the source of our eternal vitality. The world is changing, China's reform, opening up and modernization are advancing, and the people's great practice is developing. Education should keep up with the pulse of social progress. The professional education of credit management in China should grow together with the credit management industry.
The foundation of innovation is social practice. The foundation of educational innovation of credit management specialty comes from the social practice of credit management industry. The innovation and development of credit management industry stems from the practice and development of social economy.
The report of the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China "Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way and Creating a New Situation in Socialism with Chinese characteristics" pointed out the grand blueprint and specific development direction of social practice for us. Personally, I think that the innovation of our credit management education and the development of the credit management industry will be closely linked with the future development of China's economic construction, and we will make innovations and breakthroughs in the following three aspects:
First, in the process of industrialization, urbanization and informatization. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "realizing industrialization is still an arduous historical task in the process of China's modernization. Informatization is an inevitable choice for China to accelerate industrialization and modernization. " "Insist on promoting industrialization with informationization, promote informationization with industrialization, and embark on a new road of industrialization with high scientific and technological content, good economic benefits, low resource consumption, less environmental pollution and full play to the advantages of human resources."
"In the process of industrialization, it is an inevitable trend of industrialization and modernization that the rural affluent labor force shifts to non-agricultural industries and cities and towns. It is necessary to gradually improve the level of urbanization, adhere to the coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns, and take the road of urbanization with China characteristics. "
The road to industrialization and urbanization in China will take at least ten years, and about 600 million farmers will move to cities to form new employment forces. The development of China's credit management industry is inseparable from this important theme of China's economic construction.
In order to become a big country of credit reporting and realize informatization in an all-round way, it is necessary to speed up the construction of the existing credit reporting and credit management system for urban population, and at the same time boldly explore the credit reporting and credit management activities for rural migrant population. The unlimited business opportunities of credit management institutions are looming in this field. The thought and content of China's credit management education and scientific research will definitely take this as the object. All of us, whether engaged in credit management education or specific credit management institutions, must be prepared with enough courage, patience and wisdom to explore and innovate.
Second, in terms of the layout and structural adjustment of the state-owned economy. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that "we should continue to adjust the layout and structure of the state-owned economy and reform the management system of state-owned assets." In fact, the Sixteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to give full play to the initiative of the central and local governments, establish a new management system, and exercise the right to operate state-owned assets at different levels.
China's state-owned assets management system and management system will have a great breakthrough and development. The auction of restructuring and reorganization of state-owned enterprises will be accelerated, and specific measures will be introduced one after another. The credit management industry should seize this opportunity to serve the important content of economic system reform and develop itself in the service. On the one hand, in the service, credit management institutions should play the role of social intermediary, restrain and supervise the reorganization, restructuring, reorganization and auction activities in various places, so that they can operate normally on the track of honesty, trustworthiness, equality and justice; On the other hand, credit management institutions should also regulate and restrain themselves in their services, open their activities and services, and accept the supervision of all sectors of society.
The reform of state-owned enterprises in China is the key link of China's economic system reform, which will form a development path with China characteristics. With the development of credit management industry in this field and the expansion of credit management institutions, it is bound to form a development road of credit management industry with China characteristics. The professional education of credit management in China must be based on this characteristic road. The innovation of credit management education in China will come from the service innovation of credit management institutions in China.
Third, the self-employed, private and other non-public sectors of the economy are active and developing. The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out, "Give full play to the important role of individual, private and other non-public sectors in promoting economic growth, expanding employment and activating the market. Relax the market access of domestic private capital and take measures in investment and financing, taxation, land use and foreign trade to achieve fair competition. Strengthen supervision and management according to law to promote the healthy development of non-public economy. Improve the legal system for protecting private property. "
In the next step of economic work, policies and markets will provide many opportunities for the development of non-public economy, and accordingly, economic activities such as investment, financing and trade of non-public enterprises will become increasingly active. Its demand for honesty and trustworthiness, as well as the demand for honesty and trustworthiness from all walks of life, will bring new markets and customers to credit management institutions and a broader space for the development of credit management industry. In China, the development of non-public economy is a problem worthy of long-term attention and in-depth study. China's credit management education must also take this as its content, study specific measures, and form a teaching system that conforms to China's social reality.
Building a well-off society in an all-round way is our goal. In order to achieve this goal, we must constantly innovate. "Innovation needs to constantly emancipate the mind, seek truth from facts and keep pace with the times. There is no end to practice and no end to innovation. " "Theoretical innovation based on practice is the forerunner of social development and change."
Innovation is the historical responsibility of credit management education in China. The foundation of innovation is social practice and in-depth and meticulous scientific research. Innovation requires the unremitting efforts of people of insight. Innovation needs the support and help of all walks of life.
Here, I propose to set up "China Integrity Education and Research Fund".
"China Credit Education and Research Fund" was formed spontaneously by the people, initiated and set up voluntarily by China credit management institutions, formed spontaneously by the people and managed by recognized credit management industry associations. Initiated in the first guild, and can increase capital in every industry annual meeting in the future.
"China Credit Education and Research Fund" is mainly used to fund the basic research, innovation and development of credit education in China, as well as the credit management research combined with practice; Funding for advanced teachers who have been commended in the industry; Awards from advanced institutions and individuals recognized in the industry.
The content and research direction of the project funded by "China Integrity Education and Research Fund" will be determined at the annual meeting of the industry, and the specific topics will be drawn up by the industry organizations, and the research scope and depth will be specified. The fund management institution of the trade association shall organize the declaration and campaign topics in an open and transparent way.
The scientific research achievements of the projects funded by China Chengxin Education and Research Fund are shared in the industry by notification.
After discussion by insiders, China Chengxin Education and Research Fund can accept donations from foreign institutions and individuals. All donations must be made on the basis of agreeing to the articles of association of China Integrity Education and Research Fund.
The articles of association of "China Integrity Education and Research Fund" were formed through discussion by people in the industry.
Third, take the road of combining Industry-University-Research.
Education is the foundation and theory is the forerunner. Education and its theory should not only summarize and refine the essence of social practice, but also guide practice. Therefore, education must be combined with Industry-University-Research. The development of emerging credit management education must also enter this situation. Personally, I think we have four aspects to do in this regard.
First, colleges and universities offering credit management majors or directions should set up relevant credit research institutions according to their own actual conditions. On the one hand, follow up and study the advanced experience and latest trends in international related fields; On the other hand, it is necessary to go deep into various domestic credit management and service institutions, actively participate in social practice, understand the actual situation, and summarize and study practical problems.
Second, all kinds of credit management and service institutions should take the initiative to open to universities and their related research institutions according to their actual conditions. The specific ways and practices of opening up can be flexible. For example:
—— Providing an internship base for higher education and accepting regular and special internships from teachers and students majoring in credit management;
-Providing research projects and topics for education and its research institutions, and providing necessary research funds at the same time;
-Actively recruit graduate students and undergraduates who graduated from credit management major or direction trained in China.
Third, the credit management higher education management department should pay more attention to this emerging young major, and can organize domestic experts and scholars in the credit field, integrate the available and scarce human resources in the credit field, and provide guidance on textbook compilation, teacher training, student internship, employment and so on.
Fourth, credit management industry associations can give full play to their communication role and organizational management advantages, and actively carry out some work that is conducive to credit education and scientific research development. For example:
-actively communicate with the education management department. In view of the current shortage of credit management education teachers and teaching materials, the education management department will come forward to host and the credit management industry association will undertake, organize experts in social credit management and education, and set up short-term training courses for credit management education teachers in colleges and universities that have opened credit management majors or directions.
-Setting up columns on the websites, yearbooks and periodicals of trade associations to give special presentations on education, scientific research and training.
At present, there are many dishonest behaviors in the society because they have not been punished promptly and severely, so opportunistic and profiteering behaviors have been repeatedly banned. Strict punishment for dishonesty can play the role of two mechanisms, one is that government departments should exercise administrative punishment for dishonesty according to law, and the other is to use market mechanism to play the role of commercial punishment. If our government and market establish a strict punishment mechanism, these dishonest behaviors will be greatly reduced. Therefore, we should speed up the construction of the legal system and strictly enforce the law. At the same time, the whole society should form an atmosphere. When a person breaks his word in the market, no one will do business with him.
In social life and market transactions, the disclosure of credit information is inseparable from the legal status of its subject: government agencies are public managers elected by citizens, so they must be forced to disclose their credit records publicly according to law; Market subjects (individuals and enterprises, etc.). ) is a party to the market transaction, and the credit record shall be disclosed according to the voluntary contract; Credit intermediary is a special market subject, and its business activities such as credit investigation, credit evaluation, credit guarantee and credit consultation are special credit behaviors. Therefore, credit services should be provided according to the special provisions of the state and commercial contracts. Whether it is government departments, market entities or credit intermediaries, when disclosing credit records, we should not only improve transparency, but also pay attention to protecting trade secrets.
The credit concept of citizens, enterprises, various organizations, especially the government, is the basis and premise to determine whether a country can establish a social credit system that meets the requirements of the market economy system and WTO rules. To advocate the concept of credit and strengthen credit education, we must start with dolls. Adults in the whole society, especially civil servants at all levels, must first "start from me" and must take trustworthiness as the minimum and lowest social moral bottom line for everyone. To advocate credit concept, we must first form social fashion, and at the same time regard credit concept as a moral value, a commodity value or a capital value.
The social credit problem in China began to sprout from 1990 with the work of cleaning up the "triangle debt". After two stages of development, credit evaluation and credit guarantee, and entering the stage of social credit system construction, social credit intermediaries are still in a difficult situation. The fundamental reason lies in the lack of credit concept of the whole society and the lack of government credit legal system, which leads to a serious shortage of credit demand in the whole market. Especially after the end of the planned economy system, we are still used to operating the government credit demand, which unconsciously leads to the government credit demand crowding out the credit demand of enterprises, especially individuals. Its performance is that enterprises cannot do without bank loans, personal savings of banks remain high, and there are almost no real credit cards (debit cards). Therefore, how to dilute the government's credit demand, stabilize the enterprise's credit demand and start the individual's credit demand has become an important key to build a social credit system.
Enterprise is the cell of national economy and the most important market subject. Its own credit management is not only the foundation of enterprise's survival and development, but also related to the credit status of the whole society. Effective credit management of enterprises is not only conducive to opening up markets and expanding demand, but also conducive to controlling their own credit risks. Strict trust management of enterprises can not only gain the trust and credit line of suppliers, but also help enterprises to minimize financial expenses. Strengthening credit management is an enterprise's own management activity, but the government has the responsibility to guide enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, to strengthen credit management and help enterprises continuously improve their credit ability. At present, the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises promoted by local governments has played an important role in improving the credit capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises.
The main body of social credit system is social credit intermediary institutions, including credit reporting companies, credit reporting companies, credit evaluation companies, credit guarantee companies and credit consulting companies. The establishment of social credit intermediary institutions is based on their own credit and necessary capital to undertake business responsibilities, and as a third party to provide credit products or services to all sectors of society independently, fairly, objectively and equally. Therefore, it is decided that the organizers of social credit intermediaries should not be government agencies with law enforcement status or interest groups with monopoly position in the market, but should be jointly funded by private investors. Due to different business attributes, all kinds of social credit intermediaries must also define their service objects, service contents and service positioning.
On the basis of the above seven aspects, we should first define the role of the government in the construction of social credit system as follows: improve the credit legal system, cultivate credit demand and improve the transparency of government credit information, and promote the construction of four major credit systems:
The first is the government information disclosure system based on governments at all levels and e-government.
The second is the self-discipline and rights protection credit system based on industry associations and member units.
Third, an independent credit system based on self-control and risk management.
Fourth, the socialized business service credit system based on credit intermediary and market operation. Only when the government, associations, enterprises and intermediaries develop their own credit systems simultaneously can we finally form a social credit system of "realizing interconnection and information sharing" in China.
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