1) working practice method
It refers to the first-hand information that staff members need to learn in order to master the job requirements.
Advantages: you can accurately understand the actual tasks of the work and the requirements for physical strength, environment and society, which is suitable for those jobs that can be mastered in a short time.
Disadvantages: not suitable for jobs that require a lot of training and danger.
2) Observation method
Refers to the relevant personnel directly to the scene, personally observe and collect the operation of one or more staff members, and record the information about the work content, tasks, working relationship, the role of people and work, working environment and conditions in the form of words or charts.
Advantages: it is more suitable for jobs whose work content is mainly completed by physical activities.
Disadvantages: it is not suitable for mental work and intermittent work to deal with emergencies.
Steps:
Get a preliminary understanding of job information, interview, merge job information and verify job description.
3) interview method
Get job information through personal talk or group interview. A typical question of interview method is an example: What do you do? What are the main responsibilities? How to complete it? Where is the work place? What is the education, experience, ability or professional qualification required for the job? What are the performance criteria? What is the working environment and conditions?
Advantages: it is more suitable for complex work and cannot be directly observed and practiced. Can directly and quickly collect a large number of job analysis data.
Disadvantages: employees tend to exaggerate their responsibilities and work difficulty, resulting in job analysis data can not reflect the real situation.
4) Questionnaire survey method
The effect of questionnaire survey method depends on the structural degree of questionnaire. It is best to have both structural and open problems.
Advantages: the required data can be obtained quickly, saving time and cost, the sample size can be relatively large, the data can be quantified, and the data can be processed by computer.
Disadvantages: It takes time, manpower and material resources to design the questionnaire, and the cost is high. Respondents may not seriously reflect the real situation, which will affect the quality of information.
5) Key event technology
Refers to events that have a great impact on post work (such as whether tasks are completed or not, increase or decrease in output, etc.). ) in the process of labor. By comprehensively recording employees' behaviors in or related to this position, we can get enough information and summarize the characteristics of the position and the requirements for employees.
Content: including background and reasons; Employee behavior; Consequences; Employee's control ability
Advantages: It clearly reveals the dynamic nature of work.
Disadvantages: the investigation is time-consuming and the process is long, and only a certain number of key events can meet the needs.
6) Work log method
It means that workers write down the details of their daily work for a period of time, including time, methods, work contents, work procedures, etc. To understand the nature of the work. This method can be taught well when combined with interview.
Advantages: First-hand information can be obtained directly.
In job analysis, there are many ways to collect job analysis information, and each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Neither method can provide enough complete information, so the two methods must be used alternately. 1) Work practice method refers to the first-hand materials that staff personally engage in the work that needs to be studied, so as to master the job requirements. Advantages: you can accurately understand the actual tasks of the work and the requirements for physical strength, environment and society, which is suitable for those jobs that can be mastered in a short time. Disadvantages: not suitable for jobs that require a lot of training and danger. 2) Observation means that the relevant personnel directly go to the site to observe and collect the operation of one or more staff members in person, and record the information about work content, tasks, work relationship, the role of people and work, working environment and conditions in the form of words or charts. Advantages: It is more suitable for jobs whose work content is mainly physical activity. Disadvantages: Not suitable for mental work and intermittent work to deal with emergencies. Steps: Get a preliminary understanding of the position information, interview and verify the position information. 3) Interview method obtains job information through individual interviews or group interviews. A typical question of interview method is an example: What do you do? What are the main responsibilities? How to complete it? Where is the work place? What is the education, experience, ability or professional qualification required for the job? What are the performance criteria? What is the working environment and conditions? Advantages: it is more suitable for complex work and cannot be directly observed and practiced. Can directly and quickly collect a large number of job analysis data. Disadvantages: employees tend to exaggerate their responsibilities and work difficulty, resulting in job analysis data can not reflect the real situation. 4) The effect of the questionnaire survey method depends on the structural degree of the questionnaire. It is best to have both structural and open problems. Advantages: the required data can be obtained quickly, saving time and cost, the sample size can be relatively large, the data can be quantified, and the data can be processed by computer. Disadvantages: It takes time, manpower and material resources to design the questionnaire, and the cost is high. Respondents may not seriously reflect the real situation, which will affect the quality of data. 5) Key event technology refers to events that have a great impact on post work (such as whether tasks are completed, output increases or decreases, etc. ) in the process of labor. By comprehensively recording employees' behaviors in or related to this position, we can get enough information and summarize the characteristics of the position and the requirements for employees. Content: including background and reasons; Employee behavior; Consequences; Advantages of employees' control ability: the dynamic nature of work is fully revealed. Disadvantages: the investigation is time-consuming and the process is long, and only a certain number of key events can meet the needs. 6) The work log method refers to that the staff continuously records the daily work details for a period of time, including time, methods, work contents and work procedures. To understand the nature of the work. This method can be taught well when combined with interview. Advantages: First-hand information can be obtained directly.