Construction project cost valuation includes: (1) preparation of project proposal investment estimate at the project proposal stage, and (2) preparation of feasibility study report investment estimate at the feasibility study report stage. Investment estimation is the main basis for decision-making, financing and cost control. (3) In the preliminary design stage, prepare the preliminary design budget. For the construction project designed in two stages, after approval, the budget is the maximum investment limit of the construction project and the basis for signing the general contract of the construction project. (4) Prepare the revised technical design budget in the technical design stage, and (5) Prepare the construction drawing budget in the construction drawing design stage. After the construction drawing budget is approved, it is the basis for signing the construction and installation project contract and handling the project price settlement. (6) The pre-tender estimate is generally prepared for construction projects that must be tendered, such as construction and installation projects and equipment procurement, and the pre-tender estimate is also priced at one time. (7) In order to participate in the bidding, the construction unit should prepare the construction budget as the cost price of the enterprise according to the bidding documents and site conditions, and then prepare the competitive bidding quotation according to the market situation. After the project is completed and accepted, the final accounts prepared by the construction unit according to the settlement price of each sub-project are the actual cost of the whole construction project.
Question 2: What is the significance of project management informatization? The Significance of Project Management Informatization (1) The development and full utilization of project management information resources can learn from the experience of similar projects from both positive and negative aspects. Many valuable organizational information, management information, economic information, technical information and regulatory information will contribute to the selection of various possible schemes in the project decision-making process, the control of project objectives during the project implementation and the operation after the project is completed. (2) Through the development and application of information technology in engineering management, we can realize: ● Digitization and relatively centralized storage of information storage; ● Programmatic information processing and conversion; ● Digitization and electronization of information transmission; ● Easy access to information; ● Improve information transparency; ● Flat information flow. (3) The significance of the development and application of information technology in project management lies in: ● "Digitalization and relative concentration of information storage" is beneficial to the retrieval and query of project information, the unification of data and file versions, and the document management of the project; "Procedural information processing and conversion" is conducive to improving the accuracy and efficiency of data processing; "Digitization and electronization of information transmission" can improve the anti-interference ability of data transmission, make data transmission not limited by distance, and improve the fidelity and confidentiality of data transmission; "Convenient information acquisition", "improved information transparency" and "flat information flow" are conducive to information exchange and collaborative work among project participants. (4) Informatization of project management is conducive to improving the economic and social benefits of construction projects, so as to achieve the purpose of adding value to project construction.
Question 3: What is enterprise information engineering? The most important significance of enterprise informatization project in China is to transform the application mode and management mode of the traditional system through an all-round open application service system, which is probably the most needed by enterprises in China, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, and also the most effective implementation mode in the whole enterprise informatization process in China.
The Relationship between Informatization and Enterprises
Many enterprises don't understand what informatization is, and what is the relationship between informatization and enterprise's profit target. We believe that in the information age, a modern enterprise should be an intelligent enterprise, just like when discussing office buildings, unless it is intelligent, it is not a modern office building. The same is true for enterprises. Only information-based enterprises can be called intelligent enterprises, and only intelligent enterprises can become modern enterprises. Using information technology to effectively connect a series of ideas, considerations and plans in series and cooperate with each other to achieve the best results, which is a definition of enterprise informatization. This information technology includes traditional computer technology, which allows enterprises to sort out data in a short time; Let the executives and employees of the enterprise know the performance of the enterprise every minute, and let the decision-making of the enterprise have a scientific basis.
Informatization represents the far-reaching thinking method and attitude change process of enterprise management, and the management system with information and capital investment; The process of achieving the most effective management and profitability. Modern enterprises are not allowed to make suggestions without informationization, especially in terms of efficiency and time requirements.
Enterprise informatization also includes the change of entrepreneurs' expectations of enterprise goals. An entrepreneur should be aware of what the market he is facing and how his products need to be improved to cope with the information brought by the market. If its business model no longer meets the needs of this era, it may need to change this model. Dell computer is a very successful example. They think that computers should meet the needs of the market and customers, so they quickly combine computers and let them get them. Because of this, they can become the boss of the computer industry within ten years.
The upper stage of enterprise informatization four modernizations
If you buy a computer and the company has a network, this is only a very preliminary requirement for the informationization of the whole enterprise. We believe that from the perspective of business services, enterprise informatization has four stages. The first stage is simply to get his unique domain name and use email as the beginning of his communication. This is a very, very preliminary first stage.
The second stage is the electronic transactions that enterprises need to conduct on the website when we talk about B2B in the past year or two. Electronic transaction is the first step for most enterprises to contact informatization, but this part is only the primary stage of enterprise informatization. Adopting information management is the real way for us to enter the application service and push the enterprise to the stage of comprehensive informationization and modernization, including the change of management process and operation structure.
Finally, when we arrive at the intelligent enterprise, the management and business processes will be fully informationized, which includes the comprehensive transformation of many systems. Enterprise employees are using market informatization, which includes the comprehensive transformation of many systems. Enterprise employees make decisions by combining market information and internal information of the company, and use information technology to push their products to the market, which is the ultimate goal.
As a wise enterprise, he will continue to develop in this field in order to achieve the profit target of his own enterprise.
Three steps of implementing enterprise informatization
There are three steps for enterprises to participate in and implement informatization. The first step is to establish a unique website as the internal and external contact and communication, and as the interface of the application platform. The website is not only to introduce the products of your own company, not only to make people look good, but also to serve as an interface for enterprise staff and customers to enter your station and do business with you through this interface. In addition, a communication system based on e-mail is established as the main tool for internal communication and external communication, so that all employees of the whole enterprise can communicate and deliver documents through e-mail.
The second step is to participate in application services and establish a simple sales and administrative management platform, including a document management system. The third step is to establish an all-round information management system.
Ways of enterprise informatization
There are three ways for us to become intelligent enterprises. First, independent investment and comprehensive information reform ... >>
Question 4: Why is information engineering the top project? 1. Informatization is related to the development of organizations and supports the development of enterprises;
2. The investment in informatization is huge, and the short-term benefits are not obvious;
3. The informatization process often involves the adjustment of the management mechanism and habits of the organization, which will involve the interests of many people.
The above three aspects determine that informatization must be supported by high-level organizations and can be carried out from the above three aspects.
Question 5: What is the informatization of project cost management? What is the significance of informatization of project cost management? Management informatization is to use computers and other electronic products to classify the project cost information as a whole, which is convenient and fast to use. It means that the work efficiency has improved a lot!
Question 6: What are the modes of informatization construction? First, meet the needs of business data processing.
For small and medium-sized enterprises, the first thing is to meet the needs of business data processing. Because the fundamental point of the informatization demand of small and medium-sized enterprises is that the business has developed to a certain amount, manual accounting and statistics can no longer meet the needs of bosses to manage enterprises. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises began to introduce information systems.
Two: the most concerned about the return on investment.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are faced with the problem of survival first, followed by the lack of funds, which requires that informatization must really solve some urgent needs of enterprises and get obvious returns. Therefore, when investing in information projects, they will pay more attention to cost-benefit analysis, that is, what can be obtained through information enterprises, whether it is cost-effective, whether the functions of information solutions are complete, and whether they can solve some specific practical management problems of enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises are unwilling to bear the sunk cost brought by informatization. Usually, they want to reduce costs and enhance competitiveness through informationization, rather than reducing profits to optimize business processes, not seeking big and complete. In a word, enterprise informatization, how they want to do great things with small money, is most concerned about the return on investment-the actual improvement of product sales, the reduction of production costs and the growth of market scale, and they will not engage in some vase projects.
Third, product price dominates information demand.
Small and medium-sized enterprises are small in scale, lack of funds and unstable in survival. Business owners are relatively strict in cost control, generally pay attention to short-term investment returns, and are very cautious about information investment, which makes them very sensitive to the price of IT products and services, demanding "low price, good quality and high cost performance". No matter how good the product is, they would rather give it up if the price is too high. Therefore, the price is the main consideration factor in the informatization construction of small and medium-sized enterprises. And those IT products with low price and high performance-to-price ratio occupy the vast majority of the market share.
Fourth, the demand for personalized applications is strong.
IT applications of small and medium-sized enterprises are often different in industries, regions and levels. Small and medium-sized enterprises of different industries and sizes have different needs at different stages of information construction, and each unit has different management models and different personalized needs of different processes. In addition, the lack of funds and talents in small and medium-sized enterprises leads to the need for practicality and flexibility in the investment and solutions of IT products and the overall implementation of informatization, and the individualized demand is increasingly obvious, which cannot be realized by applying standardized products of large enterprises.
Five: more inclined to full value chain solutions.
Small and medium-sized enterprises in China generally have the characteristics of insufficient understanding of information technology, lack of professionals, lack of network applications, and complicated information implementation process. Therefore, in order to better adapt to the impact of informationization and the challenges of the market, SMEs not only hope that manufacturers can provide single products and technologies, but also long for comprehensive solutions with high cost performance, which can not only provide them with practical and easy-to-use solutions.
Cost-effective products, but also to provide complete and good after-sales service, consulting and training, to buy packaged products and value-added services as the main demand characteristics. Of course, product quality, manufacturer's reputation and service quality are also reference conditions for purchasing.
Six: "Fool safety products" are the most popular.
Whether the product is simple, easy to use, fast and safe is an important concern of information selection of small and medium-sized enterprises. In fact, small and medium-sized enterprises do not need to be equipped with "IT products" with complex structure and complicated use. What they need most is IT products with low initial purchase cost, stable performance, easy use, universality and easy maintenance. Generally speaking, it is necessary to make IT products "fool-like" and get it done with one click. Especially for key customers such as the boss, the simpler the software, the better, and the dumber the operation, the better. The boss is always busy and has no extra time to face the full-screen button operation in the software. Even if the software is fully functional, if he can't find what he wants to see quickly, he will feel cumbersome and refuse.
Seven: first make the products that the boss needs.
The informatization project of small and medium-sized enterprises is the "number one project" and "boss project". If we want to do a good job in the information business of small and medium-sized enterprises, we must serve the boss (board of directors) well. The informatization of small and medium-sized enterprises should start from the boss's desk and be the IT product that the boss needs! If the boss thinks it is unnecessary, it will be very difficult to promote the products in small and medium-sized enterprises, let alone invest in construction. So first of all, let it (mainly software) meet the requirements of the boss and convince the boss to apply it; Secondly, to ensure the smooth promotion and adoption of IT construction, it is very important to do a good job in public relations marketing. Start with the relatives and friends around the boss, do a good job in customer relations, get the boss's good opinion, and the rest will be solved.
Eight: it>>
Question 7: What is the use of the national information engineer certificate? Obtaining the qualification of ERP certification will enable you to master the latest application technology of enterprise management information, so as to make full use of enterprise management software to create value for enterprises and enhance their competitiveness. Enterprise management informatization is a powerful weapon to promote the innovation and upgrading of enterprise work, improve management level and competitive strength, and informatization management will surely become the main management mode of enterprises. ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system contains advanced management ideas, involving the whole process of enterprise sales, procurement, production, logistics, inventory, finance and other resources, and is the most widely used enterprise management information system at present. During the operation of ERP system, enterprises need a large number of application personnel to skillfully use ERP system to effectively manage various businesses, so as to optimize resources and improve the overall management level of enterprises. In order to meet this demand of enterprises, cultivate professional application talents of ERP system and promote the popularization and development of enterprise management informatization, the dual certification of "National Information Engineer -ERP Application Qualification" has established a reference standard for many enterprises to select ERP application talents.
Question 8: What do you mean by informatization of construction engineering data? Everything is wrong. . Informatization means using software. It means something that becomes a system. what can I say? . That is, the information you made was bitten into the file. . These materials can also be found in archives without written communication tools. Like computers.
Question 9: What is the website of National Information Engineer? Ncie.gov/ncae/ national information engineer.
Question 10: certificate of national information engineer. Does this work? What are the benefits? In fact, the key is that you can learn the following things through the exam. If you can't pass the test and you won't be able to use it on any occasion in the future, I advise you not to take the test.
That's what official website said.
Project advantage
National policy requirements
(1)NTC and GCC are based on the requirements of the State Council's Decision on Vigorously Developing Vocational Education (Guo Fa [2005] No.35).
(2) Notice on Forwarding Relevant Documents of Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (LetterNo. Ministry of Information Industry [2000] 197 was issued.
(3) The contents of the document "Notice on Forwarding the Management of Vocational Qualification Certificates in Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security" (letterNo. [2001] No.325 issued by the Ministry of Information Industry).
(4) The document "Several Opinions on Further Strengthening Vocational Education" (Jiao Zhi Cheng [2004] 12) issued by the Ministry of Education, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Personnel, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Agriculture and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office requires.
(5) The Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Information Industry "Notice on Printing and Distributing the Interim Provisions on Professional Level Evaluation of Communication Professionals and the Implementation Measures for Primary and Intermediate Professional Level Examinations of Communication Professionals" (No.[2006] 10 issued by the Ministry of Personnel).
(two) the universality of the evaluation object and the diversity of the evaluation of vocational skills training (with systematic evaluation items and courses)
The evaluation system of NTC training examination (course) includes three modules: NTC evaluation course, college cooperation course and industry customized course. According to the requirements of relevant national policies, IT vocational skills training and evaluation will be carried out for related industries (including administration, enterprises and institutions) and institutions (including secondary vocational schools, higher vocational schools and institutions of higher learning).
(3) Neutral * * * brand
According to the requirements of national vocational and technical standards, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issues vocational skill level certificates, which can be used as the basis for vocational skill level certificates and related jobs. After being appraised by the national vocational skill appraisal institution, the National Vocational Qualification Certificate issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security can be obtained as the qualification certificate for engaging in the corresponding occupation (type of work).
Professional market research
Under the guidance of the principle of "market demand orientation", through industry research, we will establish a first-class and perfect professional development curriculum system for IT professionals in China.
(five) the actual evaluation content
Highlight practical functions, involving a lot of empirical knowledge and skills in practical work, so that the evaluation content fully reflects the characteristics of professional application and truly reflects the examiner's actual professional skills.
(vi) System evaluation structure
According to the development degree and characteristics of China's existing informatization, referring to the relevant industrial structure, industrial structure, technical structure and talent structure, grasp the development trend and characteristics of the industry, and systematically evaluate the application ability, creativity, analysis ability and problem-solving ability. It covers three levels: management decision-making, professional technology and operation skeleton.