Information system is a system related to information processing, information transmission, information storage and information utilization. Information systems may not involve modern technologies such as computers, and may even be purely manual. However, with the development of modern communication and computer technology, the processing capacity of information system has been greatly improved. Nowadays, all kinds of information systems are inseparable from modern communication and computer technology, so modern information systems generally refer to systems where people and machines exist. Information system is a very broad concept, the carrier of information is data, and the specific forms of data are various, such as numbers, characters, images, sounds and so on. They all exist in the form of data. Files are data collection units, databases are more complex data files, and files are stored in physical media in a certain format. From a philosophical point of view, information is the reflection of the state, attributes and changes of everything in the world. The development process of all things in the world is reflected in the process of information acquisition, information processing and information transmission. Their relationship is objective and subjective unity of opposites. When subjective thinking is consistent with objective facts, the corresponding information is truth.
The theoretical basis of information system is system theory, information theory and cybernetics. System theory studies the whole formed by the organic combination of all parts in the system, which reflects the interaction between all parts.
Information theory studies the laws in the process of information collection, storage, processing, output and transmission. Cybernetics is closely related to system theory and information theory. The three are trinity, which are interrelated, inseparable and different. Both the human brain and the CPU of the computer process data/information. Human language is the carrier of human thinking, and the form of language is nothing more than symbols such as words and numbers. In human image thinking, graphics are the carrier of representation. Therefore, people's thinking (whether logical thinking or image thinking) is a process of data/information collection, storage, processing and output. The human thinking system can be regarded as an information system. Eyes can collect words (such as reading books), images (looking at pictures), and ears can collect sounds. After the brain edits, processes and outputs the results, such as plans, concepts and judgments, it is impossible to output the results without information. Enterprise management is also an organic system. Departments and employees form an organic whole, and there is also an information system. It can be seen that information is the embodiment of the meaning of thinking process, and thinking process is also the process of information processing. Therefore, in the relationship between man and the objective world, especially in the process of understanding the world, man can only deal with information subjectively and understand the objective world by reflecting the information of the objective world. The process of people's logical thinking and image thinking is the process of human brain information system running, and the whole process of enterprise management activities also constitutes a complete information system, with specific information in plans, documents and images. It's hard to imagine what human beings would be like without information. Read processing information, work processing information. The real world we face every day will automatically feed back information to us. Human beings are so inseparable from information that information systems are everywhere.
From the process of information processing, an information system model generally includes the following elements:
1. Information data
enter
2. Data processing/information processing
Step 3: Output
4. Process control and result feedback
From the source of information data, information can be divided into:
Internal information
External information
In management, the elements of information system are:
Management subject (manager, management organization)
Management objects (all management activities), objectives, planning, organization, leadership, coordination, command, control, decision-making and other basic management activities.
Environmental information: internal information and external information.
Management information system is a specific information system, which is the application of information system in management.
Management information system includes management data processing system and decision support system.
Office automation is a product concept of software companies. All computer information systems are automated, and all management software is office application, which is also a certain degree of automated operation.
The following are some concepts in professional books appearing on the Internet, provided by the editor before this entry.
A data processing system is a system composed of equipment, methods, processes and people, which performs specific data processing functions. It includes the process of data collection, storage, transmission or conversion. For example, within the scope of data transformation, there are a series of data processing operations, such as data identification, copying, comparison, classification, compression, deformation and calculation activities. A data processing system may include several subsystems, some of which are the data processing system itself.
Management information system is a system that collects, stores and analyzes information and provides useful information to managers in organizations. Its characteristic is management-oriented and provides all kinds of information needed for management. Due to the complexity of modern management, management information systems are usually based on electronic computers. According to the management levels it faces, it can be divided into three types: top management, middle management and operation management. According to the way of organizing and accessing data, it can be divided into two types: systems that use files and systems that use databases. According to the way of job processing, it can be divided into batch processing and real-time processing system. According to the relationship between its parts, it can be divided into centralized and distributed. The basic characteristics of management information system are an information center to assist managers at all levels, structured information organization and information flow, and centralized electronic data processing operations according to functions. It usually has a database and has powerful query and report generation functions. The design of management information system is to improve the organization and technical means of information processing reasonably on the basis of understanding the overall actual situation of information processing in the target system, so as to improve the efficiency and management level of information processing. Since the late 1960s, various methods and tools for the analysis and system design of management information systems have been gradually developed. The extensive establishment of management information system has effectively improved the management of various organizations and improved the application level of electronic computers.
Decision Support System (DSS) is a kind of computer information processing system, which combines data processing function with various decision tools such as models to help decision-making. It can provide relevant information for managers or decision makers at all levels in a complex and changeable external environment, and assist decision makers in decision-making and analysis. The electronic computer technology used in decision support system is database, model base and computer network system which can be processed in real time. Its basic feature is that it can assist managers or decision makers, especially senior managers, to make decisions; The focus of the system is variability, adaptability and quick response and answer; The system allows users to start and control themselves. Decision support system is oriented to the decision-making process, and its core part is the establishment of model system, which provides a user-friendly interface. The extensive establishment and application of decision support system will greatly improve the scientific level of decision-making.
Office automation system is a system which is composed of computers, office automation software, communication networks, workstations and other equipment to automate the office process. Computer, also called office processor, is the core of the whole system, including hardware equipment and operating system; Database and network software, etc. Office automation software has the functions of office, information management and decision support. Communication network: LAN, Ethernet or other networks can be used to meet the needs of different departments and regions. Workstation: It can be a simple character terminal or graphic terminal, or a multifunctional workstation integrating data, characters, images and sounds. For example, a domestic 0520 personal computer can become an intelligent workstation of the system. A relatively complete office automation system includes four basic links: information collection, information processing, information transmission and information preservation. Its core task is to provide the required information for its office staff at all levels, so the system comprehensively embodies the relationship between people, machines and information resources.