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Vaccine refers to biological products made of various pathogenic microorganisms for preventive inoculation. Among them, vaccines made of bacteria or spirochetes are also called vaccines. Vaccines are divided into live vaccines and dead vaccines. Commonly used live vaccines include BCG, polio vaccine, measles vaccine and plague vaccine. Commonly used dead vaccines include pertussis vaccine, typhoid vaccine, meningococcal vaccine and cholera vaccine. The production time of different vaccines is different, and some vaccines may take 22 months to produce a batch. The development of vaccine is a long and complicated process with high cost. Vaccination is the most economical and effective public health intervention measure to prevent and control infectious diseases, and it is also an effective means for families to reduce the incidence of diseases and medical expenses. It is estimated that immunization can prevent 2 million to 3 million people from dying of diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles every year. In the past few years, the global vaccination coverage rate (the proportion of children receiving recommended vaccines in the world) has remained stable.
legal ground
Article 76 of the People's Republic of China (PRC) Vaccine Management Law, the state implements a unified vaccine safety information publishing system. Vaccine safety risk warning information, major vaccine safety accidents and their investigation and handling information, as well as other vaccine safety information determined by the State Council to be uniformly published, shall be published by the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council jointly with relevant departments. The national report on the abnormal reaction of vaccination shall be uniformly published by the competent health department of the State Council in conjunction with the drug supervision and administration department of the State Council. The above information shall not be released without authorization. The release of major vaccine safety information should be timely, accurate and comprehensive, scientifically evaluated in accordance with the provisions, and make necessary explanations. The pharmaceutical supervisory and administrative department of the people's government at or above the county level shall, jointly with the competent department of health and other relevant departments, professional institutions and relevant vaccine marketing license holders, immediately verify and analyze vaccine safety information that may mislead the public and public opinion, and publish the results in a timely manner. No unit or individual may fabricate or disseminate false vaccine safety information.