Integrated wiring is a modular and flexible information transmission channel within or between buildings. It can not only connect voice, data, image equipment and switching equipment with other information management systems, but also connect these equipment with the outside. It also includes all cables and related connecting parts between the connection point of the external network or telecommunication line of the building and the application system equipment. Integrated wiring consists of different series and specifications of components, including transmission media, related connection hardware (such as distribution frame, connector, socket, plug, adapter) and electrical protection equipment. These components can be used to build various subsystems, and they all have their own specific purposes, which are not only easy to implement, but also can be upgraded smoothly with the change of requirements.
The development of 1. integrated wiring
Looking back on history, the development of integrated wiring is closely related to building automation system. Traditional wiring such as telephone and computer local area network is independent. Each system is designed and installed by different manufacturers. Traditional wiring uses different cables and different terminal sockets. In addition, plugs, sockets and distribution frames connecting these different wires are incompatible with each other. Office layout and environment often change. With the development of new technology, when the office equipment needs to be adjusted or replaced, the wiring must be replaced. In this way, the old cables that are idle due to the addition of new cables will lead to the accumulation of messy cables in the building for a long time, which will cause great hidden dangers. Maintenance is inconvenient, and transformation is very difficult.
With the in-depth development of global social informatization and economic internationalization, people's demand for information enjoyment is increasingly urgent, and a wiring scheme suitable for the information age is needed.
After years of research, experts from Bell Laboratories of AT&T Company took the lead in launching SYSTIMATMPDS (Building Integrated Wiring System) at the end of 1980s, and now they have launched SCS (Structured Wiring System). It was named Integrated Wiring System (GCS) by People's Republic of China (PRC) (GB/T50311-2000).
Integrated wiring is a kind of pre-wiring, which can meet the needs for a long time.
2. The characteristics of integrated wiring
Integrated wiring has many advantages over traditional wiring, which is incomparable to traditional wiring. Its characteristics are mainly manifested in compatibility, openness, flexibility, reliability, advancement and economy. But also in the design, construction and maintenance has brought people a lot of convenience.
(1) Compatibility: The primary feature of integrated wiring is compatibility. The so-called compatibility is completely independent of the application system and can be applied to a variety of application systems.
In the past, when wiring voice or data lines in buildings or buildings, cables, junction sockets and connectors made by different manufacturers were usually used. For example, PBX generally uses twisted pair, and computer systems generally use thick coaxial cables or thin coaxial cables. These different devices use different wiring materials, and the plugs, sockets and terminal boards connecting these different wiring are also different and incompatible with each other. Once the location of the terminal or telephone needs to be changed, it is necessary to lay new cables and install new sockets and connectors.
Integrated wiring is to integrate the signal lines of voice, data and monitoring equipment into a set of standard wiring through unified planning and design, using the same transmission medium, information socket, cross-connection equipment and adapter. It can be seen that this kind of wiring is much simpler than traditional wiring and can save a lot of materials, time and space.
When in use, users can plug in some terminal devices (such as personal computers, telephones, video devices, etc.). You don't need to define the specific application of the information socket in a certain work area when inserting the information socket, and then do the corresponding wiring operation on the handover equipment between the management room and the equipment, and the terminal equipment will be connected to their respective systems.
(2) Openness: For the traditional wiring mode, as long as the user chooses a certain device, it also chooses the appropriate wiring mode and transmission medium. If another device is replaced, the original wiring will be completely replaced. For a built building, this change is very difficult and requires a lot of investment.
Integrated wiring is open to the products of almost all well-known manufacturers, such as computer equipment and switch equipment. Because it adopts an open architecture and conforms to many current international standards. It also supports all communication protocols, such as ISO/IEC 8802-3 and ISO/IEC 8802-5.
(3) Flexibility: The traditional wiring mode is closed and the architecture is fixed. It is quite difficult, troublesome or even impossible to migrate or add equipment.
The integrated wiring adopts standard transmission cables and related connection hardware, and adopts modular design. Therefore, all channels are common. Each channel can support terminals, Ethernet workstations and token ring workstations. The opening and modification of all equipment do not need to change the wiring, only need to increase or decrease the corresponding application equipment, and carry out the necessary jumper management for the distribution frame. In addition, networking can be flexible and diverse, even there are multiple user terminals in the same room, and Ethernet workstations and token ring workstations coexist, which provides necessary conditions for users to organize information flow.
(4) Reliability: Traditional wiring methods are incompatible with each other, so a building often has multiple wiring schemes. Therefore, the reliability of the building system depends on the reliability of the selected wiring, and when the wiring of each application system is incorrect, it will also cause cross interference.
The integrated wiring adopts high-quality materials and combination crimping to form a set of high-standard information transmission channels. All relays and related connectors have passed ISO certification, and each channel needs to use special instruments to test the link impedance and attenuation rate to ensure its electrical performance. The wiring of the application system is all terminated point to point, and the failure of any link will not affect the operation of other links, which provides convenience for the operation, maintenance and troubleshooting of links, thus ensuring the reliable operation of the application system. Each application system often uses the same transmission medium, so it can backup each other, which improves the redundancy of backup.
(5) Advanced: integrated wiring, which adopts the mixed wiring mode of optical fiber and twisted pair, and constitutes a complete wiring very reasonably.
All wiring adopts the latest international communication standards, and the link adopts eight-core twisted pair configuration. The bandwidth of class 5 twisted pair can reach 100 MHz, and that of class 6 twisted pair can reach 200MHz. The demand of special users can lead the optical fiber to the desk. The voice trunk part adopts steel cable and the data part adopts optical cable, which provides sufficient bandwidth capacity for the simultaneous transmission of multi-channel real-time multimedia information.
(6) Economy: Integrated wiring has economic advantages over traditional wiring. The main integrated wiring can meet the long-term demand. The transformation of traditional wiring is time-consuming, and the loss caused by delayed work cannot be calculated by money.
As can be seen from the above discussion, integrated wiring solves many problems existing in traditional wiring methods. With the rapid development of science and technology, people's demand for information resources is more and more urgent. Especially, the communication network with telephone service as the main service is gradually transitioning to the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), and the integrated communication network that can provide voice, data and video transmission at the same time has attracted more and more attention. Therefore, it is the requirement of "information age" and the inevitable trend of historical development that integrated wiring replaces single, expensive and complicated traditional wiring.
Second, the integrated wiring system
The integrated wiring system should be open structure, and should be able to support telephone and various computer data systems, as well as conference TV, monitoring TV and other systems.
The integrated wiring system can be divided into six subsystems.
● Workspace subsystem;
● Wiring (horizontal) subsystem;
● Trunk (vertical) subsystem;
● Inter-equipment subsystem;
● Management subsystem;
● Build complex subsystems.
Intelligent Building and Engineering Design of Intelligent Building Park
According to the actual needs, you can choose the following three comprehensive urban line systems:
(1) basic type: it is suitable for the occasions where the configuration standard in the integrated wiring system is low and the copper-core twisted pair is used for networking. Basic integrated wiring system configuration is as follows:
● Each work area has an information socket;
● The distribution cable in each work area is 1 4 twisted pair;
● Use clip-on handover hardware;
● Trunk cables in each working area should have at least 1 twisted pair.
(2) Enhanced: It is suitable for the occasion with medium configuration standard in the integrated wiring system, and the copper-core twisted pair is used for networking. The enhanced integrated wiring system is configured as follows:
● Each work area has two or more information sockets;
● The distribution cables in each working area are two 4-pair twisted pairs;
● Use clip-on or plug-in handover hardware;
● The backbone cable of each work area should have at least 2 pairs of twisted pairs.
(3) Integrated type, suitable for occasions with high configuration standards in integrated wiring systems, and mixed with optical cables and copper-core twisted pair. The configuration of integrated wiring system should add optical cable system on the basis of basic and enhanced integrated wiring system.
The integrated wiring system should be able to meet the transmission rate requirements of the supported data systems, and the cables and transmission equipment of corresponding grades should be selected.
The integrated wiring system should be able to meet the transmission standard requirements of the supported telephone, data and TV systems.
The classification and transmission distance limit of the integrated wiring system shall comply with the provisions of Table 1.
Note: ① The distance of 100m includes the total allowable length of100m, including the wiring of connecting wires/jumpers, work area and equipment area. The technical conditions of the link are considered as 90 meters horizontal cable, 7.5 meters long connecting cable and three similar connectors. This use is effective if the total additional length of cables in the comprehensive engineering and equipment area does not exceed 7.5m
②3000m is the limit specified in the international standard range, not the transmission medium limit.
③ When the distance is greater than the length of100m in the horizontal cable subsystem, the feasible application standard shall be negotiated.
④ System classification E is not listed in the table, because it has not been formally introduced. However, because the D-level, E-level and E-level have been widely used in the market, the following table lists the relevant indicators for reference only.
The networking of the integrated wiring system and the length limit of each cable shall comply with the regulations shown in Figure 1:
In the engineering design of the integrated wiring system, all hardware facilities such as cables, optical cables, various connecting cables, jumpers and wiring equipment should comply with the international standard ISO/IEC11801:1995 (e) to ensure the realization of system indicators.
Comprehensive summation line system should be equipped with Chinese computer information management system. Manually log in the working status information of the hardware facilities related to the integrated wiring system, including: the use and department of the equipment and cables, the topology of the local area network, the information transmission rate, the configuration of the terminal equipment, the number and color code of the occupied hardware, the function and main characteristic parameters of the link, the integrity of the link and the fault record. You should also record the location of the equipment and the cable direction, as well as the building name, location, area code, floor number and room number.
When designing the system, the cables, connecting hardware, jumpers and connecting wires selected by the whole system must be consistent with the selected categories. If shielding measures are adopted, the whole system must be designed according to shielding.