Ocean satellite is a kind of artificial earth satellite designed and launched, which is mainly used to detect marine water color pigments, serving the open utilization of marine living resources, Marine pollution detection and prevention, coastal resources development, marine scientific research and other fields. Before 2020, China will launch eight series of ocean satellites, including four ocean color satellites, two ocean power environment satellites and two land-sea radar satellites, and strengthen the monitoring of the waters near Huangyan Island, Diaoyu Island and all the islands in Xisha Islands.
Marine satellites have played an irreplaceable role. There are more than 30 ocean satellites and in-orbit satellites in the world devoted to ocean observation.
Ocean satellite is an important branch of Earth observation satellite, which is developed on the basis of meteorological satellite and land resources satellite, and belongs to high-level Earth observation satellite, including military ocean monitoring satellite, comprehensive ocean observation satellite and various special ocean research satellites.
Characteristics of marine satellites:
The use of marine satellites can realize real-time, synchronous and continuous monitoring of a large area of sea area economically and conveniently, and has been recognized as an important means of marine environmental monitoring. Compared with land satellites and meteorological satellites, marine satellites have the following characteristics:
1. The detection of marine environmental elements requires large-area, continuous, synchronous or quasi-synchronous detection.
2. The visible light sensor of ocean satellite requires multi-band and narrow band, high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio (one order of magnitude higher than that of terrestrial satellite).
3. In order to match the change period of marine environmental factors, the ground coverage period of marine satellites is required to be 2-3 days, and the spatial resolution is 250-1000 m..
4. Because the radiation intensity of water body is weak, in order to make the radiation intensity uniform and comparable, it is required that the local time (launch window) of the downlink node of water color satellite should be selected around noon.
5. Some ocean elements, such as sea surface roughness and sea surface wind field, can't be measured by other methods except ocean satellite detection technology.
Marine satellites have six uses:
1. Serve the comprehensive management and maintenance of maritime rights and interests of EEZ countries.
On the one hand, marine satellites can provide information on marine environment and resources for the diplomatic negotiation of EEZ demarcation, especially those sensitive sea areas that are difficult for investigation ships and planes to enter.
2. Improve the ability of marine environmental monitoring and forecasting.
China, located on the west coast of the northwest Pacific Ocean, is the birthplace of 38% tropical storms in the world. Our country suffers greatly from it. The direct economic loss caused by it is about 6 billion yuan in normal years, and it exceeds 654.38+0 billion yuan in serious years. 197 "97 1 1" storm hit the coast of Zhejiang province, and the direct economic loss of Zhejiang province alone reached1700 million yuan.
3. To serve the investigation and development of marine resources.
Marine resources are mainly marine oil and gas, marine fishery and coastal resources. More than 40 offshore fishing grounds in China are generally exhausted, so it is urgent to develop offshore fishing. China has more than 1000 offshore fishing boats, with assets of $300 million and offshore fishing production capacity of 500,000 tons. The lack of global fishery information limits the further development of offshore fisheries.
4. Strengthen the protection of marine military activities.
Trajectory calculation of satellites and medium-and long-range missiles after launch must take the global geoid and gravity field as basic parameters, but the data in this field in China is very scarce, which greatly affects the missile's hit rate. In addition, real-time data such as sea state, flow field and sea surface wind speed are of great significance to the operation and navigation of naval underwater ships, which can not be obtained by conventional methods, especially the real-time sea state in enemy waters.
5, is conducive to the implementation of Marine pollution detection, monitoring and protection of marine natural environment resources.
Marine pollution is mainly oil pollution and sewage pollution. Offshore oil pollution comes from land-based emissions, offshore oil well leakage and ship emissions, among which land-based emissions are the most. There are more than 250 oil pollution sources along the coast of China, with annual emissions exceeding 654.38+10,000 tons.
6. The development of marine satellites is conducive to strengthening the study of global climate evolution and improving the ability to predict disastrous climate.
Sea water temperature is an important factor affecting the medium and long-term weather process. Research shows that the formation of typhoon is closely related to sea surface temperature. The mean SST in the 24 hours before typhoon formation in South China Sea in China is 27℃. There is a negative correlation between the winter SST on the east coast of the Pacific Ocean and the summer monsoon intensity on the west coast in the following year.